Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking using GIS and geostatistics in a peri-urban area of Delhi, India

Adhikary PP, Chandrasekharan H, Chakraborty D, Kamble K (2010) Assessment of groundwater pollution in west Delhi, India using geostatistical approach. Environ Monit Assess 167:599–615

APHA (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th edn. APHA, Washington

BIS (1991) Indian standard specification for drinking water. Bureau of Indian Standard, publication no. IS:10501, New Delhi, India

CGWB (2006) Ground water year book, National Capital territory, Delhi. Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources. Government of India, New Delhi, India

CWC (2006) Water and related statistics. Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources. Government of India, New Delhi, India

Das BK, Kakar YP, Moser H, Stichler W (1988) Deuterium and oxygen-18 studies in groundwater of the Delhi area, India. J Hydrol 98:133–146

Dash JP, Sarangi A, Singh DK (2010) Spatial variability of groundwater depth and quality parameters in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Environ Manage 45(3):640–650

Datta PS, Bhattacharya SK, Tyagi SK (1996) 18O studies on recharge of phreatic aquifers and groundwater flow paths of mixing in the Delhi area. J Hydrol 176:25–36

Datta PS, Deb DL, Tyagi SK (1997) Assessment of groundwater contamination from fertilizers in the Delhi area based on 18O, NO3 and K+ composition. J Contam Hydrol 27:249–262

Ella VB, Melvin SW, Kanwar RS (2001) Spatial analysis of NO3–N concentration in glacial till. Trans ASAE 44(2):317–327

ESRI (2004) Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst.. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, p 300

FAO (2003) The irrigation challenge: Increasing irrigation contribution to food security through higher water productivity from canal irrigation systems. IPTRID Issue Paper 4, IPTRID. Secretariat, Food and agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome

Fetter CW (1999) Contaminant hydrogeology. Prentice Hall, USA, p 500

Gamma Design Software (1988) GS+. Gamma Design Software, LLC, Plainwell

Gupta M, Srivastava PK (2010) Integrating GIS and remote sensing for identification of groundwater potential zones in the hilly terrain of Pavagarh, Gujarat, India. Water Int 35(2):233–245

Hesse PR (1971) A text book of soil chemical analysis. John Murray Publishers Ltd., London

Hudak PF (2000) Regional trends in nitrate content of Texas groundwater. J Hydrol 228:37–47

India (2006) Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Government of India, New Delhi

Kumar D, Ahmed S (2003) Seasonal behaviour of spatial variability of groundwater level in a granitic aquifer in monsoon climate. Cur Sci 84(2):188–196

Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang M, Ficklin DL, Wang F (2009) Spatio-temporal variations of soil nutrients influenced by an altered land tenure system in China. Geoderma 152:23–34

Lu P, Su Y, Niu Z, Wu J (2007) Geostatistical analysis and risk assessment on soil total nitrogen and total soil phosphorus in the dongting lake plain area, China. J Environ Qual 36:935–942

Matheron G (1965) Les Variables Re´gionalise´es et leur Estimation. Masson, Paris

Nas B, Berktay A (2006) Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the City of Konya, (Turkey): a GIS perspective. J Environ Manage 79:30–37

Nas B, Berktay A (2010) Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundwater using GIS. Environ Monit Assess 160:215–227

Osborn GH, Johns H (1951) The rapid determination of sodium and potassium in rocks and minerals by flame photometry. Analyst 76:410–415

Remesen R, Panda RK (2007) Groundwater quality mapping using GIS: a study from India’s Kapgari watershed. Environ Qual Manage Spring 16:41–60

Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline-alkali soils. Agricultural handbook no. 60, USDA

Santra P, Chopra UK, Chakraborty D (2008) Spatial variability of soil properties and its application in predicting surface map of hydraulic parameters in an agricultural farm. Cur Sci 95:937–945

Sarangi A, Madramootoo CA, Enright P (2006) Comparison of spatial variability techniques for runoff estimation from a Canadian Watershed. Biosys Eng 95(2):295–308

Satyanarayanan M, Balaram V, Hussain MSA, Jemaili MARA, Rao TG, Mathur R, Dasaram B, Ramesh SL (2007) Assessment of groundwater quality in a structurally deformed granitic terrain in Hyderabad, India. Environ Monit Assess 131:117–127

Sawyer CN, Mccarty PL (1978) Chemistry for environmental engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 532

Shah T, Molden D, Sakthivadivel R, Seckler D (2000) The global ground water situation: overview of opportunity and challenges. International Water Management Institute, Colombo

Subbiah BV, Asija GL (1956) A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Cur Sci 25:259–260

WHO (2004) Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva