Microflow extraction: A review of recent development

Abolhasani, 2015, Multiphase oscillatory flow strategy for in situ measurement and screening of partition coefficients, Anal. Chem., 87, 11130, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03311 Abolhasani, 2015, Oscillatory microprocessor for growth and in situ characterization of semiconductor nanocrystals, Chem. Mater., 27, 6131, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02821 Adamo, 2013, Membrane-based, liquid-liquid separator with integrated pressure control, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 10802, 10.1021/ie401180t Adamo, 2016, On-demand continuous-flow production of pharmaceuticals in a compact, reconfigurable system, Science, 352, 61, 10.1126/science.aaf1337 Aoki, 2011, Gas-liquid-liquid slug flow for improving liquid-liquid extraction in miniaturized channels, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 50, 4672, 10.1021/ie1024326 Assmann, 2011, Extraction in microreactors: intensification by adding an inert gas phase, Chem. Eng. Process., 50, 822, 10.1016/j.cep.2011.05.009 Assmann, 2012, Supercritical extraction of vanillin in a microfluidic device, J. Supercrit. Fluid., 67, 149, 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.03.015 Assmann, 2013, Continuous micro liquid-liquid extraction, Chem. Eng. Technol., 36, 921, 10.1002/ceat.201200557 Bai, 2016, Experimental study of mass transfer in water/ionic liquid microdroplet systems using micro-LIF technique, Chem. Eng. J., 298, 281, 10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.034 Bannock, 2013, Microscale separation of immiscible liquids using a porous capillary, Anal. Methods, 5, 4991, 10.1039/c3ay41251b Benz, 2001, Utilization of micromixers for extraction processes, Chem. Eng. Technol., 24, 11, 10.1002/1521-4125(200101)24:1<11::AID-CEAT11>3.0.CO;2-Q Bico, 2000, Liquid trains in a tube, Europhys. Lett., 51, 546, 10.1209/epl/i2000-00373-4 Castell, 2009, Liquid-liquid phase separation: characterisation of a novel device capable of separating particle carrying multiphase flows, Lab Chip, 9, 388, 10.1039/B806946H Castro-Hernandez, 2009, Scaling the drop size in coflow experiments, New J. Phys., 11, 075021, 10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/075021 Cervera-Padrell, 2012, Continuous hydrolysis and liquid-liquid phase separation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient intermediate using a miniscale hydrophobic membrane separator, Org. Process Res. Dev., 16, 888, 10.1021/op200242s Chan, 2011, Film drainage and coalescence between deformable drops and bubbles, Soft Matter, 7, 2235, 10.1039/C0SM00812E Chen, 2004, Membrane dispersion precipitation method to prepare nanopartials, Powder Technol., 139, 180, 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.12.003 Chen, 2004, A ceramic microfiltration tube membrane dispersion extractor, AIChE J., 50, 382, 10.1002/aic.10034 Chen, 2012, Enhanced fluorescence detection using liquid-liquid extraction in a microfluidic droplet system, Lab Chip, 12, 4569, 10.1039/c2lc40261k Chen, 2015, The dynamic mass transfer of surfactants upon droplet formation in coaxial microfluidic devices, Chem. Eng. Sci., 132, 1, 10.1016/j.ces.2015.04.006 Chen, 2016, Three-dimensional splitting microfluidics, Lab Chip, 16, 1332, 10.1039/C6LC00186F Choi, 2010, Designed pneumatic valve actuators for controlled droplet breakup and generation, Lab Chip, 10, 456, 10.1039/b915596a Choi, 2010, Droplet-based microextraction in the aqueous two-phase system, J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 3723, 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.015 Chong, 2016, Active droplet generation in microfluidics, Lab Chip, 16, 35, 10.1039/C5LC01012H Christopher, 2007, Microfluidic methods for generating continuous droplet streams, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, R319, 10.1088/0022-3727/40/19/R01 Christopher, 2009, Coalescence and splitting of confined droplets at microfluidic junctions, Lab Chip, 9, 1102, 10.1039/b813062k Ciceri, 2014, The use of microfluidic devices in solvent extraction, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 89, 771, 10.1002/jctb.4318 Ciceri, 2013, Modelling of interfacial mass transfer in microfluidic solvent extraction: Part II. Heterogeneous transport with chemical reaction, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 14, 213, 10.1007/s10404-012-1039-y Ciceri, 2014, Extraction kinetics of Fe(III) by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid using a Y-Y shaped microfluidic device, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 92, 571, 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.033 Cubaud, 2008, Capillary threads and viscous droplets in square microchannels, Phys. Fluids, 20, 053302, 10.1063/1.2911716 Dangla, 2013, The physical mechanisms of step emulsification, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, 114003, 10.1088/0022-3727/46/11/114003 Dessimoz, 2008, Liquid-liquid two-phase flow patterns and mass transfer characteristics in rectangular glass microreactors, Chem. Eng. Sci., 63, 4035, 10.1016/j.ces.2008.05.005 Doku, 2005, On-microchip multiphase chemistry – a review of microreactor design principles and reagent contacting modes, Tetrahedron, 61, 2733, 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.028 Fidalgo, 2007, Surface-induced droplet fusion in microfluidic devices, Lab Chip, 7, 984, 10.1039/b708091c Fries, 2008, Liquid extraction of vanillin in rectangular microreactors, Chem. Eng. Technol., 31, 1182, 10.1002/ceat.200800169 Gaakeer, 2012, Liquid-liquid slug flow separation in a slit shaped micro device, Chem. Eng. J., 207–208, 440, 10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.148 Garstecki, 2006, Formation of droplets and bubbles in a microfluidic T-junction – scaling and mechanism of break-up, Lab Chip, 6, 437, 10.1039/b510841a Geerken, 2008, Micro-fabricated metal nozzle plates used for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsification, J. Membr. Sci., 310, 374, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.11.008 Glawdel, 2012, Droplet formation in microfluidic T-junction generators operating in the transitional regime. II. Modeling, Phys. Rev. E, 85, 016323, 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.016323 Gu, 2011, Droplets formation and merging in two-phase flow microfluidics, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 2572, 10.3390/ijms12042572 Guillot, 2008, Towards a continuous microfluidic rheometer, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 5, 619, 10.1007/s10404-008-0273-9 Gunther, 2006, Multiphase microfluidics: from flow characteristics to chemical and materials synthesis, Lab Chip, 6, 1487, 10.1039/B609851G Gunther, 2005, Micromixing of miscible liquids in segmented gas-liquid flow, Langmuir, 21, 1547, 10.1021/la0482406 Guo, 2003, Size effect on single-phase channel flow and heat transfer at microscale, Int. J. Heat. Fluid Flow, 24, 284, 10.1016/S0142-727X(03)00019-5 Hao, 2008, Controlling factors on droplets uniformity in membrane emulsification: experiment and modeling analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 6418, 10.1021/ie8000315 Hardt, 2012, Microfluidics with aqueous two-phase systems, Lab Chip, 12, 434, 10.1039/C1LC20569B Harries, 2003, A numerical model for segmented flow in a microreactor, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 46, 3313, 10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00120-0 Hartman, 2009, Distillation in microchemical systems using capillary forces and segmented flow, Lab Chip, 9, 1843, 10.1039/b901790a Hessel, 2003, Microchemical engineering: components, plant concepts user acceptance – part I, Chem. Eng. Technol., 26, 13, 10.1002/ceat.200390000 Hessel, 2003, Microchemical engineering: components, plant concepts, user acceptance – part III, Chem. Eng. Technol., 26, 531, 10.1002/ceat.200390079 Hisamoto, 2001, On-chip integration of neutral ionophore-based ion pair extraction reaction, Anal. Chem., 73, 1382, 10.1021/ac001271v Hisamoto, 2001, On-chip integration of sequential ion-sensing system based on intermittent reagent pumping and formation of two-layer flow, Anal. Chem., 73, 5551, 10.1021/ac0107150 Holbach, 2013, Counter-current arrangement of microfluidic liquid-liquid droplet flow contactors, Green Process. Synth., 2, 157 Hotokezaka, 2005, Development of the innovative nuclide separation system for high-level radioactive waste using microchannel chip-extraction behavior of metal ions from aqueous phase to organic phase in microchannel, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 47, 439, 10.1016/j.pnucene.2005.05.045 Hotta, 2007, Mass transfer characteristics of a microchannel device of split-flow type, Chem. Eng. Technol., 30, 208, 10.1002/ceat.200600285 Huh, 2010, Rapid separation of bacteriorhodopsin using a laminar-flow extraction system in a microfluidic device, Biomicrofluidics, 4, 014103, 10.1063/1.3298608 Humphry, 2009, Suppression of instabilities in multiphase flow by geometric confinement, Phys. Rev. E, 79, 056310, 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.056310 Illg, 2010, Flow chemistry using milli- and microstructured reactors – from conventional to novel process windows, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 3707, 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.073 Jaritsch, 2014, Counter-current extraction in microchannel flow: current status and perspectives, J. Fluids Eng., 136, 091211, 10.1115/1.4026608 Jensen, 2014, Tools for chemical synthesis in microsystems, Lab Chip, 14, 3206, 10.1039/C4LC00330F Jose, 2012, Droplet arrangement and coalescence in diverging/converging microchannels, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 12, 687, 10.1007/s10404-011-0909-z Jovanovic, 2011, Redispersion microreactor system for phase transfer-catalyzed esterification, Chem. Eng. Technol., 34, 1691, 10.1002/ceat.201100118 Ju, 2014, Solvent extraction of In3+ with microreactor from leachant containing Fe2+ and Zn2+, Green Process. Synth., 3, 63 Kamio, 2011, Microfluidic extraction of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester: comparison between slug flow and emulsion, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50, 6915, 10.1021/ie102207c Kashid, 2007, Hydrodynamics of liquid-liquid slug flow capillary microreactor: flow regimes, slug size and pressure drop, Chem. Eng. J., 131, 1, 10.1016/j.cej.2006.11.020 Kashid, 2007, Liquid-liquid slug flow in a capillary: an alternative to suspended drop or film contactors, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 46, 8420, 10.1021/ie070077x Kashid, 2005, Internal circulation within the liquid slugs of a liquid-liquid slug-flow capillary microreactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 5003, 10.1021/ie0490536 Kim, 2011, Dynamic control of 3D chemical profiles with a single 2D microfluidic platform, Lab Chip, 11, 2182, 10.1039/c1lc20077a Kinoshita, 2007, Three-dimensional measurement and visualization of internal flow of a moving droplet using confocal micro-PIV, Lab Chip, 7, 338, 10.1039/B617391H Kolar, 2016, Microfluidic solvent extraction of rare earth elements from a mixed oxide concentrate leach solution using Cyanex® 572, Chem. Eng. Sci., 148, 212, 10.1016/j.ces.2016.04.009 Kolehmainen, 2007, Micro-scale liquid-liquid separation in a plate-type coalescer, Chem. Eng. Process., 46, 834, 10.1016/j.cep.2007.05.027 Koster, 2013, Microfluidics – from fundamental research to industrial applications, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, 110301, 10.1088/0022-3727/46/11/110301 Kralj, 2007, Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction, Lab Chip, 7, 256, 10.1039/B610888A Kuhn, 2011, Teflon-coated silicon microreactors: impact on segmented liquid-liquid multiphase flows, Langmuir, 27, 6519, 10.1021/la2004744 Kumar, 1999, Correlations for prediction of mass transfer coefficients in single drop systems and liquid-liquid extraction columns, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 77, 372, 10.1205/026387699526359 Kumar, 2005, Numerical simulation of steady flow fields in coiled flow inverter, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 48, 4811, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.05.037 Kumemura, 2006, Quantitative extraction using flowing nano-liter droplet in microfluidic system, Anal. Chim. Acta, 558, 75, 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.086 Kurt, 2015, Axial dispersion and heat transfer in a milli/microstructured coiled flow inverter for narrow residence time distribution at laminar flow, Chem. Eng. Technol., 38, 1122, 10.1002/ceat.201400515 Lan, 2016, Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a countercurrent multistage microextraction system, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55, 6006, 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00162 Langsch, 2014, Investigation of a packed bed in a mini channel with a low channel-to-particle diameter ratio: flow regimes and mass transfer in gas-liquid operation, Chem. Eng. Process., 75, 8, 10.1016/j.cep.2013.10.004 Launiere, 2016, High precision droplet-based microfluidic determination of americium (III) and lanthanide(III) solvent extraction separation kinetics, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55, 2272, 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04691 Lavie, 2008, Thin layer extraction – a novel liquid-liquid extraction method, AIChE J., 54, 957, 10.1002/aic.11445 Li, 2009, Low-temperature bonding of poly-(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices under an ultrasonic field, J. Micromech. Microeng., 19, 015035, 10.1088/0960-1317/19/1/015035 Li, 2012, Bionic system for countercurrent multi-stage micro-extraction, RSC Adv., 2, 10817, 10.1039/c2ra21818f Li, 2007, Screening of the effect of surface energy of microchannels on microfluidic emulsification, Langmuir, 23, 8010, 10.1021/la7005875 Li, 2014, Syringe-pump-induced fluctuation in all-aqueous microfluidic system implications for flow rate accuracy, Lab Chip, 14, 744, 10.1039/c3lc51176f Liao, 2015, Ultrasonic fabrication of micro nozzles from a stack of PVDF foils for generating and characterizing microfluidic dispersions, Microsyst. Technol., 1 Liao, 2010, A literature review on mechanisms and models for the coalescence process of fluid particles, Chem. Eng. Sci., 65, 2851, 10.1016/j.ces.2010.02.020 Link, 2004, Geometrically mediated breakup of drops in microfluidic devices, Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, 054503, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.054503 Liu, 2014, Liquid-liquid microflows and mass transfer performance in slit-like microchannels, Chem. Eng. J., 258, 34, 10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.035 Liu, 2009, Dynamics of coalescence of plugs with a hydrophilic wetting layer induced by flow in a microfluidic chemistrode, Langmuir, 25, 2854, 10.1021/la803518b Logtenberg, 2011, Multiple flow profiles for two-phase flow in single microfluidic channels through site-selective channel coating, Lab Chip, 11, 2030, 10.1039/c1lc20012g Lu, 2011, Phase separation of parallel laminar flow for aqueous two phase systems in branched microchannel, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 10, 1079, 10.1007/s10404-010-0736-7 Mae, 2007, Advanced chemical processing using microspace, Chem. Eng. Sci., 62, 4842, 10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.012 Mandal, 2011, Liquid-liquid mixing in coiled flow inverter, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50, 13230, 10.1021/ie2002473 Marre, 2010, Design and packaging of microreactors for high pressure and high temperature applications, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 11310, 10.1021/ie101346u Maruyama, 2004, Liquid membrane operations in a microfluidic device for selective separation of metal ions, Anal. Chem., 76, 4495, 10.1021/ac049844h Mary, 2008, Microfluidic droplet-based liquid-liquid extraction, Anal. Chem., 80, 2680, 10.1021/ac800088s Mason, 2013, Modelling of interfacial mass transfer in microfluidic solvent extraction: part I. Heterogeneous transport, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 14, 197, 10.1007/s10404-012-1038-z Miserere, 2012, Fabrication of thermoplastics chips through lamination based techniques, Lab Chip, 12, 1849, 10.1039/c2lc21161k Miyaguchi, 2006, Microchip-based liquid-liquid extraction for gas-chromatography analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in urine, J. Chromatogr. A, 1129, 105, 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.107 Morales, 2010, Droplet enhanced microfluidic-based DNA purification from bacterial lysates via phenol extraction, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 9, 1041, 10.1007/s10404-010-0623-2 Morita, 2010, Extraction of Cu(II) with dioctyldithiocarbamate and a kinetic study of the extraction using a two-phase microflow system, Solvent Extr. Res. Dev., 17, 209, 10.15261/serdj.17.209 Mu, 2010, Selectively modified microfluidic chip for solvent extraction of Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza using three-phase laminar flow to provide double liquid-liquid interface area, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 9, 365, 10.1007/s10404-009-0554-y Muenchow, 2007, Electrophoretic partitioning of proteins in two-phase microflows, Lab Chip, 7, 98, 10.1039/B612669N Murshed, 2008, Temperature dependence of interfacial properties and viscosity of nanofluids for droplet-based microfluidics, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, 085502, 10.1088/0022-3727/41/8/085502 Nam, 2005, Continuous-flow fractionation of animal cells in microfluidic device using aqueous two-phase extraction, Biomed. Microdevices, 7, 189, 10.1007/s10544-005-3025-6 Nguyen, 2005, Micromixers – a review, J. Micromech. Microeng., 15, R1, 10.1088/0960-1317/15/2/R01 Nie, 2008, Emulsification in a microfluidic flow-focusing device: effect of the viscosities of the liquids, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 5, 585, 10.1007/s10404-008-0271-y Nieves-Remacha, 2015, Mass transfer characteristics of ozonolysis in microreactors and advanced-flow reactors, J. Flow Chem., 5, 160, 10.1556/1846.2015.00010 Nishihama, 2006, Separation of lanthanides using micro solvent extraction system, Ars Sep. Acta, 4, 18 Nisisako, 2002, Droplet formation in a microchannel network, Lab Chip, 2, 24, 10.1039/B108740C Niu, 2015, Toward continuous and scalable production of colloidal nanocrystals by switching from batch to droplet reactors, Chem. Soc. Rev., 44, 5806, 10.1039/C5CS00049A Noël, 2011, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in flow: multistep synthesis enabled by a microfluidic extraction, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 5943, 10.1002/anie.201101480 Novak, 2012, Ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase extraction within a microchannel system, Sep. Purif. Technol., 97, 172, 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.01.033 Nunes, 2013, Dripping and jetting in microfluidic multiphase flows applied to particle and fiber synthesis, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, 114002, 10.1088/0022-3727/46/11/114002 O'Brien, 2012, A prototype continuous-flow liquid-liquid extraction system using open-source technology, Org. Biomol. Chem., 10, 7031, 10.1039/c2ob25912e Ogonczyk, 2010, Bonding of microfluidic devices fabricated in polycarbonate, Lab Chip, 10, 1324, 10.1039/b924439e Ohashi, 2011, Development of a microfluidic device for measurement of distribution behavior between supercritical carbon dioxide and water, Anal. Sci., 27, 567, 10.2116/analsci.27.567 Okubo, 2004, Microchannel devices for the coalescence of dispersed droplets produced for use in rapid extraction processes, Chem. Eng. J., 101, 39, 10.1016/j.cej.2003.10.025 Phillips, 2015, Microscale extraction and phase separation using a porous capillary, Lab Chip, 15, 2960, 10.1039/C5LC00430F Pohar, 2012, Parallel flow of immiscible liquids in a microreactor: modeling and experimental study, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 12, 307, 10.1007/s10404-011-0873-7 Porta, 2016, Flow chemistry: recent developments in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products, Org. Process Res. Dev., 20, 2, 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00325 Poulsen, 2015, A microfluidic platform for the rapid determination of distribution coefficients by gravity-assisted droplet-based liquid-liquid extraction, Anal. Chem., 87, 6265, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01061 Priest, 2012, Microfluidic solvent extraction of metal ions and complexes from leach solutions containing nanoparticles, Chem. Eng. Technol., 35, 1312, 10.1002/ceat.201100602 Protiere, 2010, Droplet breakup in flow past an obstacle: a capillary instability due to permeability variations, Europhys. Lett., 92, 54002, 10.1209/0295-5075/92/54002 Riaud, 2013, A facile pressure drop measurement system and its applications to gas-liquid microflows, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 15, 715, 10.1007/s10404-013-1174-0 Riaud, 2014, Lattice-Boltzmann method for the simulation of multiphase mass transfer and reaction of dilute species, Phys. Rev. E, 89, 053308, 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.053308 Roberts, 2012, Comparison of monodisperse droplet generation in flow-focusing devices with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, Lab Chip, 12, 1540, 10.1039/c2lc21197a Sackmann, 2015, Review on ultrasonic fabrication of polymer micro devices, Ultrasonics, 56, 189, 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.08.007 Sahoo, 2007, Multistep continuous-flow microchemical synthesis involving multiple reactions and separations, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 5704, 10.1002/anie.200701434 Sans, 2016, Towards dial-a-molecule by integrating continuous flow, analytics and self-optimisation, Chem. Soc. Rev., 45, 2032, 10.1039/C5CS00793C Santonicola, 2001, Phase separation of initially inhomogeneous liquid mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 2004, 10.1021/ie000798v Sarrazin, 2008, Hydrodynamic structures of droplets engineered in rectangular micro-channels, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 5, 131, 10.1007/s10404-007-0233-9 Sarrazin, 2006, Experimental and numerical study of droplets hydrodynamics in microchannels, AIChE J., 52, 4061, 10.1002/aic.11033 Scheiff, 2011, The separation of immiscible liquid slugs within plastic microchannels using a metallic hydrophilic sidestream, Lab Chip, 11, 1022, 10.1039/c0lc00442a Shao, 2012, Liquid-liquid flow and mass transfer characteristics in micro-sieve array device with dual-sized pores, Chem. Eng. J., 193–194, 96, 10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.031 Shimanouchi, 2016, Chemical conversion and liquid-liquid extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose by slug flow microreactor, AIChE J., 62, 2135, 10.1002/aic.15201 Shui, 2007, Multiphase flow in micro- and nanochannels, Sens. Actuat. B – Chem., 121, 263, 10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.040 Shui, 2007, Multiphase flow in microfluidic systems - Control and applications of droplets and interfaces, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 133, 35, 10.1016/j.cis.2007.03.001 Shui, 2009, Capillary instability, squeezing, and shearing in head-on microfluidic devices, J. Appl. Phys., 106, 124305, 10.1063/1.3268364 Singh, 2014, Novel three-dimensional microfluidic device for process intensification, Chem. Eng. Process., 86, 78, 10.1016/j.cep.2014.10.013 Smirnova, 2006, Micro-multiphase laminar flows for the extraction and detection of carbaryl derivative, Anal. Chim. Acta, 558, 69, 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.073 Smirnova, 2007, Application of a micro multiphase laminar flow on a microchip for extraction and determination of derivatized carbamate pesticides, Anal. Sci., 23, 103, 10.2116/analsci.23.103 Snead, 2013, End-to-end continuous flow synthesis and purification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride featuring atom economy, in-line separation, and flow of molten ammonium salts, Chem. Sci., 4, 2822, 10.1039/c3sc50859e SooHoo, 2009, Microfluidic aqueous two phase system for leukocyte concentration from whole blood, Biomed. Microdevices, 11, 323, 10.1007/s10544-008-9238-8 Steegmans, 2009, Characterization of emulsification at flat microchannel Y junctions, Langmuir, 25, 3396, 10.1021/la8035852 Su, 2009, Intensification of liquid-liquid two-phase mass transfer by gas agitation in a microchannel, AIChE J., 55, 1948, 10.1002/aic.11787 Su, 2010, Liquid-liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer characteristics in packed microchannels, Chem. Eng. Sci., 65, 3947, 10.1016/j.ces.2010.03.034 Susanti, 2016, Lactic acid extraction and mass transfer characteristics in slug flow capillary microreactors, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 55, 4691, 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04917 Tan, 2008, Drop dispenser in a cross-junction microfluidic device: scaling and mechanism of break-up, Chem. Eng. J., 136, 306, 10.1016/j.cej.2007.04.011 Tan, 2011, Process intensification of H2O2 extraction using gas-liquid-liquid microdispersion system, Sep. Purif. Technol., 80, 225, 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.04.030 Tan, 2014, Microfluidic flow-focusing in AC electric fields, Lab Chip, 14, 1099, 10.1039/c3lc51143j Tetala, 2009, A three-phase microfluidic chip for rapid sample clean-up of alkaloids from plant extracts, Lab Chip, 9, 2085, 10.1039/b822106e Tonhauser, 2012, Microflow technology in polymer synthesis, Macromolecules, 45, 9551, 10.1021/ma301671x Tsukamoto, 2009, Cell separation by an aqueous two-phase system in a microfluidic device, Analyst, 134, 1994, 10.1039/b909597g Tung, 2009, Mixing and hydrodynamic analysis of a droplet in a planar serpentine micromixer, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 7, 545, 10.1007/s10404-009-0415-8 Ushikubo, 2014, Y- and T-junction microfluidic devices: effect of fluids and interface properties and operating conditions, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 17, 711, 10.1007/s10404-014-1348-4 Utada, 2008, Absolute instability of a liquid jet in a coflowing stream, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 014502, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.014502 Utada, 2007, Dripping to jetting transitions in coflowing liquid streams, Phys. Rev. Lett., 094502, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.094502 van Steijn, 2009, Flows around confined bubbles and their importance in triggering pinch-off, Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 21450121, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.214501 van Steijn, 2010, Predictive model for the size of bubbles and droplets created in microfluidic T-junctions, Lab Chip, 10, 2513, 10.1039/c002625e Vural Gürsel, 2016, Utilization of milli-scale coiled flow inverter in combination with phase separator for continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction processes, Chem. Eng. J., 283, 855, 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.028 Waheed, 2016, 3D printed microfluidic devices: enablers and barriers, Lab Chip, 16, 1993, 10.1039/C6LC00284F Wang, 2011, Droplet generation in micro-sieve dispersion device, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 10, 1087, 10.1007/s10404-010-0737-6 Wang, 2013, Microdroplet coalescences at microchannel junctions with different collision angles, AIChE J., 59, 643, 10.1002/aic.13825 Wang, 2013, Generating gas-liquid-liquid three-phase microflows in a cross-junction microchannel device, Chem. Eng. Technol., 36, 1047, 10.1002/ceat.201200561 Wang, 2014, Experimental study of liquid/liquid second-dispersion process in constrictive microchannels, Chem. Eng. J., 254, 443, 10.1016/j.cej.2014.05.135 Woitalka, 2014, Scalability of mass transfer in liquid-liquid flow, Chem. Eng. Sci., 116, 1, 10.1016/j.ces.2014.04.036 Xu, 2005, Mass transfer performance and two-phase flow characteristic in membrane dispersion mini-extractor, J. Membr. Sci., 249, 75, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.09.039 Xu, 2008, Correlations of droplet formation in T-junction microfluidic devices: from squeezing to dripping, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 5, 711, 10.1007/s10404-008-0306-4 Xu, 2008, Enhancement of mass transfer performance of liquid-liquid system by droplet flow in microchannels, Chem. Eng. J., 141, 242, 10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.030 Yamada, 2008, Hydrodynamic control of droplet division in bifurcating microchannel and its application to particle synthesis, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 321, 401, 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.01.036 Yoshida, 2008, lash chemistry: Fast chemical synthesis by using microreactors, Chem. – Eur. J., 14, 7450, 10.1002/chem.200800582 Yue, 2014, Gas-liquid-liquid three-phase flow pattern and pressure drop in a microfluidic chip: similarities with gas-liquid/liquid-liquid flows, Lab Chip, 14, 1632, 10.1039/c3lc51307f Zarzar, 2015, Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions, Nature, 518, 520, 10.1038/nature14168 Zhang, 2014, Microfluidic solvent extraction and separation of cobalt and nickel, RSC Adv., 4, 16081, 10.1039/C4RA00458B Zhao, 2001, Surface-directed liquid flow inside microchannels, Science, 291, 1023, 10.1126/science.291.5506.1023 Zhao, 2011, Two-phase microfluidic flows, Chem. Eng. Sci., 66, 1394, 10.1016/j.ces.2010.08.038 Zhao, 2016, Kinetic study on selective extraction of HCl and H3PO4 in a microfluidic device, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 24, 221, 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.07.019 Zhao, 2016, Back extraction of HCl from TOA dissolved in n-octanol by aqueous ammonia in a microchannel device, Solvent Extr. Ion. Exch., 34, 60, 10.1080/07366299.2015.1129832 Zhao, 2006, Liquid-liquid two-phase flow patterns in a rectangular microchannel, AIChE J., 52, 4052, 10.1002/aic.11029 Zhao, 2007, Liquid-liquid two-phase mass transfer in the T-junction microchannels, AIChE J., 53, 3042, 10.1002/aic.11333 Zhou, 2016, Investigation of droplet coalescence in nanoparticle suspensions by a microfluidic collision experiment, Soft Matter, 12, 1674, 10.1039/C5SM02924D Zhu, 1997, Hydrodynamic and mass transfer performance of multiple upcomer extraction trays, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 75, 797, 10.1002/cjce.5450750419 Znidarsic-Plazl, 2007, Steroid extraction in a microchannel system – mathematical modelling and experiments, Lab Chip, 7, 883, 10.1039/B704432A