Microbial biomass, enzyme activities and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments

Alef, 1993, Bestimmung mikrobieller Biomasse im Boden: Eine kritische Betrachtung, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 156, 109, 10.1002/jpln.19931560203 Alef, 1995 Anderson, 1978, A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 10, 215, 10.1016/0038-0717(78)90099-8 Anderson, 1989, Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 21, 471, 10.1016/0038-0717(89)90117-X Anderson, 1986, Carbon assimilation and microbial activity in soil, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 149, 457, 10.1002/jpln.19861490409 Anderson, 1990, Application of eco-physiological quotients (qCO2 and qD) on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories, Soil Biol. Biochem., 22, 251, 10.1016/0038-0717(90)90094-G Anderson, 1993, The metabolic quotient for CO2 (qCO2) as a specific activity parameter to assess the effects of environmental conditions, such as pH, on the microbial biomass of forest soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 25, 393, 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90140-7 Bååth, 1992, Soil bacterial biomass, activity, phospholipid fatty acid pattern, and pH tolerance in an area polluted with alkaline crust deposition, Appl. Environ. Microb., 58, 4026, 10.1128/AEM.58.12.4026-4031.1992 Badiane, 2001, Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions, Appl. Soil Ecol., 18, 229, 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00159-7 Behm, 1988, Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der leicht umsetzbaren N- und C-Anteile im Heißwasserextrakt des Bodens, Arch. Acker-Pfl. Boden., 32, 333 Bianchi, 1995, Bacterial diversity and ecosystem maintenance: an overview, 185 Böhme, 2004, Spatial variability of enzyme activities in a 100-year old long-term field experiment, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 40, 153, 10.1007/s00374-004-0769-8 Bossio, 1998, Impact of carbon and flooding on soil microbial communities: pmhospholipid fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns, Microb. Ecol., 35, 265, 10.1007/s002489900082 Bossio, 1998, Determinants of soil microbial communities: effects of agricultural management, season, and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles, Microb. Ecol., 36, 1, 10.1007/s002489900087 Burns, 1982, Enzyme activity in soil: location and a possible role in microbial ecology, Soil Biol. Biochem., 14, 423, 10.1016/0038-0717(82)90099-2 Calderón, 2000, Microbial responses to simulated tillage in cultivated and uncultivated soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1547, 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00067-5 Chernikov, 1992, Transformation of humic acids by autochthonus microflora, Eur. J. Soil. Sci., 24, 75 Dalal, 1982, Effect of plant growth and addition of plant residues on the phosphatase activity in soil, Plant Soil, 66, 265, 10.1007/BF02183985 DIN ISO 10694, 1996. Bodenbeschaffenheit-Bestimmung von organischem Kohlenstoff und Gesamtkohlenstoff nach trockener Verbrennung (Elementaranalyse) (ISO 10694: 1995). Berlin, Beuth Verlag GmbH. Fließbach, 2000, Mineralization and microbial assimilation of 14C-labeled straw in soils of organic and conventional agricultural systems, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1131, 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00028-6 Friedel, J., 1993. Einfluß von Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen auf mikrobielle Eigenschaften im C- und N-Kreislauf von Ackerböden. Ph.D. Thesis. Hohenheimer Bodenkundliche Hefte 11 (Hrsg: U. Babel, W.R. Fischer, K. Roth, K. Stahr). Frostegård, 1993, Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, Soil Biol. Biochem., 25, 723, 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90113-P Frostegård, 1991, Microbial biomass measured as total lipid phosphate in soils of different organic content, J. Microbiol. Methods, 14, 151, 10.1016/0167-7012(91)90018-L Frostegård, 1993, Phospholipid fatty acid composition, biomass, and activity of microbial communities from two soil types experimentally exposed to different heavy metals, Appl. Environ. Microb., 59, 3605, 10.1128/AEM.59.11.3605-3617.1993 Guckert, 1985, Phospholipid, ester-linked fatty acid profiles as reproducible assays for changes in procaryotic community structure of estuarine sediments, FEMS Microb. Ecol., 31, 147, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01143.x Hayano, 1977, Extraction of β-glucosidases activity in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 9, 349, 10.1016/0038-0717(77)90008-6 Heinemeyer, 1989, Soil microbial biomass and respiration measurements: An automated technique based on infra-red gas analysis, Plant Soil, 116, 191, 10.1007/BF02214547 Hoffmann, 1965, Eine Methode zur colorimetrischen Bestimmung der ß-Glucosidase-Aktivität im Boden, Z. Pflanzenernähr. Düng. Bodenk., 108, 193, 10.1002/jpln.19651080302 Insam, 1989, Metabolic quotient of the soil microflora in relation to plant succession, Oecologia, 79, 174, 10.1007/BF00388474 Insam, 1991, Relationship of soil microbial biomass and activity with fertilization practice and crop yield of three ultisols, Soil Biol. Biochem., 23, 459, 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90010-H Jenkinson, 1977, The soil biomass, N.Z. Soil News, 25, 213 Kanchikerimath, 2001, Soil organic matter and biological properties after 26 years of maize-wheat-cowpea cropping as affected by manure and fertilization in a Cambisol in semiarid region of India, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 86, 155, 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00280-2 Kandeler, 1999, Xylanase, invertase and protease at the soil–litter interface of a loamy sand, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 1171, 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00035-8 Kandeler, 1993, Bodenmikrobiologisches Monitoring–Vorschläge für eine Bodenzustandsinventur, Die Bodenkultur., 44, 357 Kandeler, 1999, Response of soil microbial biomass, urease and xylanase within particle size fractions to long-term soil management, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 261, 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00115-1 Kirchner, 1993, Soil microbial populations and activities in reduced chemical input agroecosystems, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 57, 1289, 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700050021x Klose, 2002, Response of phosphomonoesterases in soils to chloroform fumigation, J. Plant Nutr. Soil. Sci., 165, 429, 10.1002/1522-2624(200208)165:4<429::AID-JPLN429>3.0.CO;2-S Körschens, M., Stegemann, K., Pfefferkorn, A., Weise, V., Müller, A., 1994. Der Statische Düngungsversuch Bad Lauchstädt nach 90 Jahren. B.G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, Leipzig. Kunc, 1988, Compounds appearing in the biosphere through human activity, 145 Ladd, 1972, Short-term assays of soil proteolytic enzyme activities using proteins and dipeptide derivatives as substrates, Soil Biol. Biochem., 4, 19, 10.1016/0038-0717(72)90038-7 Landgraf, 2002, Mobile and readily available C and N fractions and their relationship to microbial biomass and selected enzyme activities in a sandy soil under different management systems, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 165, 9, 10.1002/1522-2624(200202)165:1<9::AID-JPLN9>3.0.CO;2-O Langer, U., 2000. Bodenbiologische Zustandsanalyse eines Grasland-Ökosystems im Emissionsgebiet des ehemaligen Phosphat-Düngemittelwerkes Steudnitz anhand ausgewählter chemisch-physikalischer und mikrobiologischer Parameter. Ph.D. Thesis. Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany. Langer, 2001, Effects of alkaline dust deposits from phosphate fertilizer production on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in grassland soils, Environ. Pollut., 12, 321, 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00148-2 Maire, 1999, Organic matter cycling in grassland soils of the Swiss Jura mountains: biodiversity and strategies of the living communities, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 1281, 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00043-7 Marschner, 2003, Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment, Soil Biol. Biochem., 35, 453, 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00297-3 Mäder, 2002, Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming, Science, 296, 1694, 10.1126/science.1071148 McSpadden Gardener, 1997, Application of common statistical tools, 501 Morgan, 1997, Microbial biomarkers, 331 Nannipieri, 2003, Biological processes, 57 Peacock, 2001, Soil microbial community responses to dairy manure or ammonium nitrate applications, Soil Biol. Biochem., 33, 1011, 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00004-9 Pennanen, 1996, Phospholipid fatty acid composition and heavy metal tolerance of soil microbial communities along two heavy metal-polluted gradients in coniferous forests, Appl. Environ. Microb., 62, 420, 10.1128/AEM.62.2.420-428.1996 Rampazzo, 2001, Influence of different agricultural landuse on soil properties along the Austrian–Hungarian border, Bodenkultur, 52, 89 Schinner, F., Öhlinger, R., Kandeler, E., Margesin, R., 1993. Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden. 2. Auflage. Springer, Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. Schulz, 1998, Characterization of the decomposable part of soil organic matter (SOM) and transformation processes by hot water extraction, Eur. J. Soil. Sci., 31, 809 Shen, 1996, Metabolic efficiency and turnover of soil microbial communities in biodegradation tests, Appl. Environ. Microb., 62, 2411, 10.1128/AEM.62.7.2411-2415.1996 Smith, 1993, Cycling of nitrogen through microbial activity, vol. 18, 91 Sorensen, 1987, Organic matter and microbial biomass in a soil incubated in the field for 20 years with 14C-labelled barley straw, Soil Biol. Biochem., 19, 39, 10.1016/0038-0717(87)90123-4 Tabatabai, 1969, Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity, Soil Biol. Biochem., 1, 301, 10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1 Tarafdar, 1988, Organic phosphorus compounds as a phosphorus source for higher plants through the activity of phosphatases produced by plant roots and microorganisms, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 5, 308, 10.1007/BF00262137 Tate, 1984, Function of protease and phosphatase activites in subsidence of Pahokee muck, Soil Sci., 138, 271, 10.1097/00010694-198410000-00003 Taylor, 2002, Comparison of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities in surface soils and subsoils using various techniques, Soil Biol. Biochem., 34, 387, 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00199-7 Thirukkumaran, 2000, Microbial respiration, biomass, metabolic quotient and litter decomposition in a lodgepole pine forest floor amended with nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 59, 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00129-7 Turner, 2002, β-Glucosidase activity in pasture soils, Appl. Soil Ecol., 20, 157, 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00020-3 Vestal, 1989, Lipid analysis in microbial ecology: quantitative approaches to the study of microbial communities, BioScience, 39, 535, 10.2307/1310976 Weigel, 1998, Investigations of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in different long-term experiments by means of biological soil properties, 335 White, 1979, Determination of the sedimentary microbial biomass by extractable lipid phosphate, Oecologia, 40, 51, 10.1007/BF00388810 White, 1998, What's up down there?, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 1, 286, 10.1016/S1369-5274(98)80031-3 White, 1996, Biomass measurements: biochemical approaches, 91 Yao, 2000, Microbial biomass and community structure in a sequence of soils with increasing fertility and changing landuse, Microb. Ecol., 40, 223, 10.1007/s002480000053 Zeller, 2001, Site and management effects on soil microbial properties of subalpine meadows: a study of land abandonment along a north–south gradient in the European Alps, Soil Biol. Biochem., 33, 639, 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00208-X Zelles, 1997, Phospholipid fatty acid profiles in selected members of soil microbial communities, Chemosphere, 35, 275, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00155-0 Zelles, 1999, Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil: a review, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 29, 111, 10.1007/s003740050533 Zelles, 1992, Signature fatty acids in phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides as indicators of microbial biomass and community structure in agricultural soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 24, 317, 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90191-Y Zelles, 1995, Discrimination of microbial diversity by fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and lipo-polysaccharids in differently cultivated soils, Plant Soil, 170, 115, 10.1007/BF02183059