Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infection: A European perspective

Blumberg, 1965, A “New” antigen in leukemia sera, JAMA, 191, 541, 10.1001/jama.1965.03080070025007 Nguyen, 2008, Hepatitis B virus–cell interactions and pathogenesis, J Cell Physiol, 216, 289, 10.1002/jcp.21416 Op den Brouw, 2009, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen impairs myeloid dendritic cell function: a possible immune escape mechanism of hepatitis B virus, Immunology, 126, 280, 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02896.x European Association for the Study of the Liver, 2009, EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B, J Hepatol, 50, 227, 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.10.001 Cornberg, 2008, The German guideline for the management of hepatitis B virus infection: short version, J Viral Hepat, 15, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01013.x Whitehead, 1983, Enhanced luminescence procedure for sensitive determination of peroxidase-labelled conjugates in immunoassay, Nature, 305, 158, 10.1038/305158a0 Janssen, 1994, Measurement of HBsAg to monitor hepatitis B viral replication in patients on alpha-interferon therapy, Antiviral Res, 23, 251, 10.1016/0166-3542(94)90022-1 Deguchi, 2004, Quantitation of hepatitis B surface antigen by an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, J Virol Methods, 115, 217, 10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.10.002 Rodella, 2006, Quantitative analysis of HBsAg, IgM anti-HBc and anti-HBc avidity in acute and chronic hepatitis B, J Clin Virol, 37, 206, 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.06.011 Galli, 2008, What is the role of serology for the study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the age of molecular biology?, J Med Virol, 80, 974, 10.1002/jmv.21179 Brunetto, 2009, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen levels: a guide to sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, Hepatology, 49, 1141, 10.1002/hep.22760 Moucari, 2009, Early serum HBsAg drop: a strong predictor of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative patients, Hepatology, 49, 1151, 10.1002/hep.22744 Lau, 2008, On-treatment HBsAg decline during peginterferon alfa-2a (40kD)±lamivudine in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB as a potential predictor of durable off-treatment response, Hepatology, 48, 714A Borgniet, 2009, Clearance of serum HBsAg and anti-HBs seroconversion following antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, J Med Virol, 81, 1336, 10.1002/jmv.21519 Wursthorn, 2009, Kinetics of HBsAg decline in HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B patients with 3 years of telbivudine treatment during the Globe study, J Hepatol, 50, S9, 10.1016/S0168-8278(09)60019-2 Werle-Lapostolle, 2004, Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy, Gastroenterology, 126, 1750, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.018 Wursthorn, 2006, Peginterferon alpha-2b plus adefovir induce strong cccDNA decline and HBsAg reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis B, Hepatology, 44, 675, 10.1002/hep.21282 Volz, 2007, Impaired intrahepatic hepatitis B virus productivity contributes to low viremia in most HBeAg-negative patients, Gastroenterology, 133, 843, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.057 Manesis, 2008, HBsAg serum levels correlate with total liver HBV DNA but not with cccDNA, Hepatology, 48, 371A Lu, 2009, Relationship between HBV cccDNA and HBsAg levels is associated with HBeAg statuses of chronic hepatitis B patients, J Hepatol, 50, S209, 10.1016/S0168-8278(09)60569-9 Wiegand, 2008, A decline in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) predicts clearance, but does not correlate with quantitative hbeag or HBV DNA levels, Antivir Ther, 13, 547, 10.1177/135965350801300402 Fattovich, 2008, Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors, J Hepatol, 48, 335, 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.11.011 Yim, 2006, Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005, Hepatology, 43, S173, 10.1002/hep.20956 Thompson, 2007, The natural history and the staging of chronic hepatitis B: time for reevaluation of the virus–host relationship based on molecular virology and immunopathogenesis considerations?, Gastroenterology, 133, 1031, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.038 Toan, 2006, Impact of the hepatitis B virus genotype and genotype mixtures on the course of liver disease in Vietnam, Hepatology, 43, 1375, 10.1002/hep.21188 Deterding, 2008, Prevalence of HBV genotypes in Central and Eastern Europe, J Med Virol, 80, 1707, 10.1002/jmv.21294 Janssen, 2005, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial, Lancet, 365, 123, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17701-0 Lau, 2005, Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, N Engl J Med, 352, 2682, 10.1056/NEJMoa043470 Marcellin, 2004, Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, N Engl J Med, 351, 1206, 10.1056/NEJMoa040431 Chan, 2007, Serum hepatitis B surface antigen quantitation can reflect hepatitis B virus in the liver and predict treatment response, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, 1462, 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.09.005 Bill, 2004, Genomic DNA double-strand breaks are targets for hepadnaviral DNA integration, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 11135, 10.1073/pnas.0403925101 Chemin I, Zoulim F. Hepatitis B virus induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2009 Jan 13 [Epub ahead of print]. Biermer, 2003, Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication involves disruption of capsid Integrity through activation of NF-kappaB, J Virol, 77, 4033, 10.1128/JVI.77.7.4033-4042.2003 Wong, 2004, Quantitation of covalently closed circular hepatitis B virus DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients, Hepatology, 40, 727, 10.1002/hep.20353 Sugiyama, 2006, Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the intra- and extracellular expression of viral DNA and antigens, Hepatology, 44, 915, 10.1002/hep.21345 Grandjacques, 2000, Rapid detection of genotypes and mutations in the pre-core promoter and the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus genome: correlation with viral persistence and disease severity, J Hepatol, 33, 430, 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80279-2 Buster, 2007, Peginterferon alpha-2b is safe and effective in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis, Hepatology, 46, 388, 10.1002/hep.21723 Kumar, 2009, Spontaneous increases in alanine aminotransferase levels in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients, Gastroenterology, 136, 1272, 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.011 Iannacone, 2005, Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced liver damage, Nat Med, 11, 1167, 10.1038/nm1317 Iannacone, 2009, On the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, J Hepatol, 51, 599, 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.05.005 Fattovich, 2008, Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years, Gut, 57, 84, 10.1136/gut.2007.128496