Diagnosing anal sphincter injury with transanal ultrasound and manometry
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Keighley MR, Fielding JW. Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment. Br J Surg 1983;70:463–8.
Snooks SS. Effects of childbirth. In: Kuijpers HC, ed. Colorectal physiology: fecal incontinence. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994:41–6.
Law PJ, Kamm MA, Bartram CI. A comparison between electromyography and anal endosonography in mapping external anal sphincter defects. Dis Colon Rectum 1990;33:370–3.
Burnett SJ, Speakman CT, Kamm MA, Bartram CI. Confirmation of endosonographic detection of external anal sphincter defects by simultaneous electromyographic mapping. Br J Surg 1991;78:448–50.
Tjandra JJ, Milsom JW, Schroeder T, Fazio VW. Endoluminal ultrasound is preferable to electromyography in mapping anal sphincter defects. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:689–92.
Perry RE, Blatchford GJ, Christensen MA, Thorson AG, Attwood SE. Manometric diagnosis of anal sphincter injuries. Am J Surg 1990;159:112–7.
Law PJ, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography: technique in normal anatomy. Gastrointest Radiol 1989;14:349–53.
Sultan AH, Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Beynon J, Bartram CI. Anal endosonography and correlation within vitro andin vivo anatomy. Br J Surg 1993;80:508–11.
Deen KI, Kumar D, Williams JG, Olliff J, Keighley MR. Anal sphincter defects: correlation between endoanal ultrasound and surgery. Ann Surg 1993;218:201–5.
Falk PM, Blatchford GJ, Cali RL, Christensen MA, Thorson AG. Transanal ultrasound and manometry in the evaluation of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:468–72.
Fleshman JW. Determination of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency. In: Smith LE, ed. Practical guide to anorectal testing. 2nd Ed. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1995:221–6.
Cali RL, Blatchford GJ, Perry RE, Pitsch RM, Thorson AG, Christensen MA. Normal variation in anorectal manometry. Dis Colon Rectum 1992;35:1161–4.
Coller JA, Sangwan YP. Computerized anal sphincter manometry performance and analysis. In: Smith LE, ed. Practical guide to anorectal testing. 2nd Ed. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1995:51–100.