Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update

Mosca, 1999, Guide to preventive cardiology for women: AHA/ACC Scientific Statement Consensus panel statement, Circulation, 99, 2480, 10.1161/01.CIR.99.18.2480

Mosca, 2010, Twelve-year follow-up of American women’s awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and barriers to heart health, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 3, 120, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.915538

Xu, 2010

Ford, 2007, Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980–2000, N Engl J Med, 356, 2388, 10.1056/NEJMsa053935

Rossouw, 2002, Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 288, 321, 10.1001/jama.288.3.321

Roger, 2011, Heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 123, e18, 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701

Kleindorfer, 2009, Temporal trends in public awareness of stroke: warning signs, risk factors, and treatment, Stroke, 40, 2502, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551861

Ferris, 2005, American Heart Association and American Stroke Association national survey of stroke risk awareness among women, Circulation, 111, 1321, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157745.46344.A1

Wann, 2010, 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (updating the 2006 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Circulation, 123, 104

Fuster, 2006, Circulation, 114, e257, 10.1161/circ.114.4.257

Wann, 2011, 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (update on dabigatran): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Circulation, 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820f14c0

Hertz, 2005, Racial disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, and management, Arch Intern Med, 165, 2098, 10.1001/archinte.165.18.2098

Preis, 2009, Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005, Circulation, 119, 1728, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.829176

Gholizadeh, 2008, More similarities than differences: an international comparison of CVD mortality and risk factors in women, Health Care Women Int, 29, 3, 10.1080/07399330701723756

Mosca, 2004, Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women, Circulation, 109, 672, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000114834.85476.81

Mosca, 2007, Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update, Circulation, 115, 1481, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181546

Mosca, 2008, Aspirin chemoprevention: one size does not fit all, Circulation, 117, 2844, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.778407

Berger, 2006, Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, JAMA, 295, 306, 10.1001/jama.295.3.306

Lloyd-Jones, 2006, Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age, Circulation, 113, 791, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548206

Lakoski, 2007, Coronary artery calcium scores and risk for cardiovascular events in women classified as “low risk” based on Framingham risk score: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Arch Intern Med, 167, 2437, 10.1001/archinte.167.22.2437

2002, Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report, Circulation, 106, 3143, 10.1161/circ.106.25.3143

Hsia, 2010, Evaluation of the American Heart Association cardiovascular disease prevention guideline for women, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 3, 128, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.842385

Lloyd-Jones, 2010, Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond, Circulation, 121, 586, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703

D’Agostino, 2008, General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, 117, 743, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579

Ridker, 2007, Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in women: the Reynolds Risk Score, JAMA, 297, 611, 10.1001/jama.297.6.611

Assmann, 2002, Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study, Circulation, 105, 310, 10.1161/hc0302.102575

Conroy, 2003, Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project, Eur Heart J, 24, 987, 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3

Hippisley-Cox, 2007, Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study, BMJ, 335, 136, 10.1136/bmj.39261.471806.55

2009, Statin cost-effectiveness in the United States for people at different vascular risk levels, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2, 65, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.808469

Ridker, 2008, Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein, N Engl J Med, 359, 2195, 10.1056/NEJMoa0807646

Ridker, 2005, A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women, N Engl J Med, 352, 1293, 10.1056/NEJMoa050613

Lloyd-Jones, 2005, Novel approach to examining first cardiovascular events after hypertension onset, Hypertension, 45, 39, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000149106.89470.13

Grundy, 2004, Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, Circulation, 110, 227, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000133317.49796.0E

Cavanaugh-Hussey, 2008, Who exceeds ATP-III risk thresholds?, Prev Med, 47, 619, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.07.012

Vasan, 2005, Relative importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors, Ann Intern Med, 142, 393, 10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00005

Marma, 2009, Systematic examination of the updated Framingham Heart Study general cardiovascular risk profile, Circulation, 120, 384, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.835470

Pencina, 2009, Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, 119, 3078, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816694

Marma, 2010, Distribution of 10-year and lifetime predicted risks for cardiovascular disease in US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 3, 8, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.869727

Pearson, 2003, Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association, Circulation, 107, 499, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45

Hlatky, 2009, Criteria for evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 119, 2408, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192278

Greenland, 2007, Circulation, 115, 402, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA..107.181425

Greenland, 2010, 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Circulation, 122, e584

Polonsky, 2010, Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction, JAMA, 303, 1610, 10.1001/jama.2010.461

Nambi, 2010, Carotid intima-media thickness and presence or absence of plaque improves prediction of coronary heart disease risk: the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 55, 1600, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.075

Wilson, 2003, Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study, BMJ, 326, 845, 10.1136/bmj.326.7394.845

Ray, 2005, Cardiovascular Health After Maternal Placental Syndromes (CHAMPS): population-based retrospective cohort study, Lancet, 366, 1797, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67726-4

Bellamy, 2007, Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 335, 974, 10.1136/bmj.39335.385301.BE

Kaaja, 2005, Manifestations of chronic disease during pregnancy, JAMA, 294, 2751, 10.1001/jama.294.21.2751

Banerjee, 2006, Pregnancy as the prodrome to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk, Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med, 3, 596, 10.1038/ncpcardio0683

Garovic, 2007, Hypertension in pregnancy: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, Nat Clin Pract Nephrol, 3, 613, 10.1038/ncpneph0623

Sattar, 2004, Do pregnancy complications and CVD share common antecedents?, Atheroscler Suppl, 5, 3, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.03.002

Salmon, 2008, Subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, Am J Med, 121, S3, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.06.010

2002

Gornick, 2000, Disparities in Medicare services: potential causes, plausible explanations, and recommendations, Health Care Financ Rev, 21, 23

Coleman-Miller, 2000, A physician’s perspective on minority health, Health Care Financ Rev, 21, 45

Williams, 2000, Understanding and addressing racial disparities in health care, Health Care Financ Rev, 21, 75

Campinha-Bacote, 2002, The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: a model of care, J Transcult Nurs, 13, 181, 10.1177/10459602013003003

2001

2003

Beach, 2004

Gallo, 2009, Resiliency in the face of disadvantage: do Hispanic cultural characteristics protect health outcomes?, J Pers, 77, 1707, 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00598.x

Markides, 2005, Aging, migration, and mortality: current status of research on the Hispanic paradox, J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 60, 68, 10.1093/geronb/60.Special_Issue_2.S68

Heron, 2010

Arias, 2010

Betancourt, 2002, Cultural competence in health care: emerging frameworks and practical approaches, The Commonwealth Fund

Saha, 2008, Patient centeredness, cultural competence and healthcare quality, J Natl Med Assoc, 100, 1275, 10.1016/S0027-9684(15)31505-4

Davis, 2007, Cardiovascular health disparities: a systematic review of health care interventions, Med Care Res Rev, 64, 29S, 10.1177/1077558707305416

Lopez, 2006

2003

2003, Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE project, Qual Saf Health Care, 12, 18, 10.1136/qhc.12.1.18

2010

Shiffman, 2003, Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization, Ann Intern Med, 139, 493, 10.7326/0003-4819-139-6-200309160-00013

Schunemann, 2006, Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development, 13: applicability, transferability and adaptation, Health Res Policy Syst, 4, 25, 10.1186/1478-4505-4-25

Edejer, 2006, Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development, 11: incorporating considerations of cost-effectiveness, affordability and resource implications, Health Res Policy Syst, 4, 23, 10.1186/1478-4505-4-23

Egan, 2010, US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988–2008, JAMA, 303, 2043, 10.1001/jama.2010.650

Hyre, 2007, Trends in ATP-III-defined high blood cholesterol prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among U.S. adults, Ann Epidemiol, 17, 548, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.032

Ong, 2008, Prevalence, treatment, and control of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004, Ann Epidemiol, 18, 222, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.007

Cabana, 1999, Why don’t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines?, JAMA, 282, 1458, 10.1001/jama.282.15.1458

Cabana, 2003, Physician adherence to preventive cardiology guidelines for women, Womens Health Issues, 13, 142, 10.1016/S1049-3867(03)00034-3

DiMatteo, 2004, Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: a quantitative review of 50 years of research, Med Care, 42, 200, 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9

Doroodchi, 2008, Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians in the management of patients at risk for cardiovascular events, BMC Fam Pract, 9, 42, 10.1186/1471-2296-9-42

Barnhart, 2007, Physician knowledge levels and barriers to coronary risk prevention in women: survey results from the Women and Heart Disease Physician Education Initiative, Womens Health Issues, 17, 93, 10.1016/j.whi.2006.11.003

Francke, 2008, Factors influencing the implementation of clinical guidelines for health care professionals: a systematic meta-review, BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 8, 38, 10.1186/1472-6947-8-38

Prior, 2008, The effectiveness of clinical guideline implementation strategies: a synthesis of systematic review findings, J Eval Clin Pract, 14, 888, 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01014.x

Redberg, 2009, Circulation, 120, 1296, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192617

Petersen, 2006, Does pay-for-performance improve the quality of health care?, Ann Intern Med, 145, 265, 10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00006

Cohen, 2010, Racial and ethnic differences in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the Get With the Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease program, Circulation, 121, 2294, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.922286

Lewis, 2009, Trends in the use of evidence-based treatments for coronary artery disease among women and the elderly: findings from the get With the Guidelines Quality-Improvement Program, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2, 633, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.824763

Clark, 2010, Nurse led interventions to improve control of blood pressure in people with hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 341, c3995, 10.1136/bmj.c3995

Miller, 2005, Adherence to heart-healthy behaviors in a sample of the U.S. population, Prev Chronic Dis, 2, A18

Pham, 2007, Care patterns in Medicare and their implications for pay for performance, N Engl J Med, 356, 1130, 10.1056/NEJMsa063979

Bodenheimer, 2008, Coordinating care: a perilous journey through the health care system, N Engl J Med, 358, 1064, 10.1056/NEJMhpr0706165

Jackevicius, 2002, Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes, JAMA, 288, 462, 10.1001/jama.288.4.462

Cramer, 2003, Medication compliance feedback and monitoring in a clinical trial: predictors and outcomes, Value Health, 6, 566, 10.1046/j.1524-4733.2003.65269.x

2007, The Joint Commission announces the 2008 National Patient Safety Goals and Requirements, Jt Comm Perspect, 27, 1

Chobanian, 2003, Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, Hypertension, 42, 1206, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2

Kok, 1997, Effectiveness of health education and health promotion: meta-analyses of effect studies and determinants of effectiveness, Patient Educ Couns, 30, 19, 10.1016/S0738-3991(96)00953-6

Bandura, 1983, Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems, J Pers Soc Psych, 45, 1017, 10.1037/0022-3514.45.5.1017

Miller, 2002

Prochaska, 1984

Bobrie, 2007, Self-measurement and self-titration in hypertension: a pilot telemedicine study, Am J Hypertens, 20, 1314, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.08.011

Pickering, 2008, Call to action on use and reimbursement for home blood pressure monitoring: a joint scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Hypertension, 52, 10, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.189010

Artinian, 2010, Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 122, 406, 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181e8edf1

Lorig, 2008, The Expert Patients Programme online, a 1-year study of an Internet-based self-management programme for people with long-term conditions, Chronic Illn, 4, 247, 10.1177/1742395308098886

Riegel, 2009, State of the science: promoting self-care in persons with heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 120, 1141, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192628

Mosca, 2006, National study of women’s awareness, preventive action, and barriers to cardiovascular health, Circulation, 113, 525, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.588103

Quist-Paulsen, 2006, Cost effectiveness of a smoking cessation program in patients admitted for coronary heart disease, Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 13, 274, 10.1097/01.hjr.0000192742.81231.91

Franzosi, 2001, Cost-effectiveness analysis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after myocardial infarction: results from Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto (GISSI)-Prevenzione Trial, Pharmacoeconomics, 19, 411, 10.2165/00019053-200119040-00008

Lindgren, 2008, Economic evaluation of ASCOT-BPLA: antihypertensive treatment with an amlodipine-based regimen is cost effective compared with an atenolol-based regimen, Heart, 94, e4, 10.1136/hrt.2007.127217

Heidenreich, 2008, Cost-effectiveness of chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril as first-step treatment for patients with hypertension: an analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), J Gen Intern Med, 23, 509, 10.1007/s11606-008-0515-2

Jonsson, 2001, Health economics of prevention of coronary heart disease and vascular events: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT), J Hum Hypertens, 15, S53, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001086

Oostenbrink, 2001, Cost-effectiveness of oral anticoagulants versus aspirin in patients after infrainguinal bypass grafting surgery, J Vasc Surg, 34, 254, 10.1067/mva.2001.115961

Darba, 2002, Economic evaluation of triflusal and aspirin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, Pharmacoeconomics, 20, 195, 10.2165/00019053-200220030-00005

Graves, 2009, Cost-effectiveness of a telephone-delivered intervention for physical activity and diet, PLoS One, 4, e7135, 10.1371/journal.pone.0007135

Delahanty, 2001, Clinical and cost outcomes of medical nutrition therapy for hypercholesterolemia: a controlled trial, J Am Diet Assoc, 101, 1012, 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00250-4

Masley, 2001, Group office visits change dietary habits of patients with coronary artery disease: the Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (D.I.E.T.), J Fam Pract, 50, 235

Cox, 2003, A video lesson series is effective in changing the dietary intakes and food-related behaviors of low-income homemakers, J Am Diet Assoc, 103, 1488, 10.1016/j.jada.2003.08.024

Befort, 2010, Group versus individual phone-based obesity treatment for rural women, Eat Behav, 11, 11, 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.08.002

Sherwood, 2006, Mail and phone interventions for weight loss in a managed-care setting: weigh-to-be 2-year outcomes, Int J Obes (Lond), 30, 1565, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803295

Southard, 2003, Clinical trial of an Internet-based case management system for secondary prevention of heart disease, J Cardiopulm Rehabil, 23, 341, 10.1097/00008483-200309000-00003

Wheeler, 2003, Can a disease self-management program reduce health care costs?, Med Care, 41, 706, 10.1097/01.MLR.0000065128.72148.D7

Malone, 2005, Cost-effectiveness of sibutramine in the LOSE Weight Study: evaluating the role of pharmacologic weight-loss therapy within a weight management program, J Manag Care Pharm, 11, 458, 10.18553/jmcp.2005.11.6.458

Lapuerta, 2001, Assessment of the association between blood pressure control and health care resource use, Clin Ther, 23, 1773, 10.1016/S0149-2918(01)80143-0

Boersma, 2007, An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands, Clin Ther, 29, 963, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.014

Bolin, 2006, The cost utility of bupropion in smoking cessation health programs: simulation model results for Sweden, Chest, 129, 651, 10.1378/chest.129.3.651

Hurley, 2007, The Quit Benefits Model: a Markov model for assessing the health benefits and health care cost savings of quitting smoking, Cost Eff Resour Alloc, 5, 2, 10.1186/1478-7547-5-2

Johansson, 2005, A model for cost-effectiveness analyses of smoking cessation interventions applied to a Quit-and-Win contest for mothers of small children, Scand J Public Health, 33, 343, 10.1080/14034940510005789

Pradelli, 2009, The cost effectiveness and cost utility of valsartan in chronic heart failure therapy in Italy: a probabilistic Markov model, Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 9, 383, 10.2165/11315730-000000000-00000

Ekman, 2008, Cost-effectiveness of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension: an economic evaluation for Sweden, J Hum Hypertens, 22, 845, 10.1038/jhh.2008.76

Zethraeus, 2008, The cost-effectiveness of the treatment of high risk women with osteoporosis, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in Sweden, Osteoporos Int, 19, 819, 10.1007/s00198-007-0511-0

Montgomery, 2003, The influence of absolute cardiovascular risk, patient utilities, and costs on the decision to treat hypertension: a Markov decision analysis, J Hypertens, 21, 1753, 10.1097/00004872-200309000-00026

Greving, 2008, Cost-effectiveness of aspirin treatment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events in subgroups based on age, gender, and varying cardiovascular risk, Circulation, 117, 2875, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.735340

Pignone, 2007, Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: a cost-utility analysis, Arch Intern Med, 167, 290, 10.1001/archinte.167.3.290

Jensen, 2005, The costs of nonsurgical and surgical weight loss interventions: is an ounce of prevention really worth a pound of cure?, Surg Obes Relat Dis, 1, 353, 10.1016/j.soard.2005.03.215

Salem, 2008, Cost-effectiveness analysis of laparoscopic gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and nonoperative weight loss interventions, Surg Obes Relat Dis, 4, 26, 10.1016/j.soard.2007.09.009

Craig, 2002, Cost-effectiveness of gastric bypass for severe obesity, Am J Med, 113, 491, 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01266-4

Picot, 2009, The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation, Health Technol Assess, 13, 1, 10.3310/hta13410

Adler, 2010

Deleted in proof.

Lichtenstein, 2006, Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Circulation, 114, 82, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176158

2011