Numerical study on the effect of a subway station on the surface ground motion

Pao, 1973 Datta, 1978, Diffraction of elastic waves by cylindrical cavity in half-space, J Acoust Soc Am, 64, 1692, 10.1121/1.382147 Lee, 1988, Three dimensional diffraction of elastic waves by a spherical cavity in an elastic halfspace: closed from solutions, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 7, 149, 10.1016/S0267-7261(88)80019-8 Lee, 1992, Diffraction of SV waves by underground, circular, cylindrical cavities, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 11, 445, 10.1016/0267-7261(92)90008-2 Lee, 1979, Response of tunnels to incident SH waves, J Eng Mech ASCE, 105, 643 Smerzini, 2009, Effect of underground cavities on surface earthquake ground motion under SH wave propagation, Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 38, 1441, 10.1002/eqe.912 Yu, 2009, Scattering of plane harmonic P, SV or Rayleigh waves by a completely embedded corrugated cavity, Geophys J Int, 178, 479, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04165.x Yu, 2009, Scattering of a plane harmonic SH wave by a completely embedded corrugated scatterer, Int J Numer Meth Eng, 78, 196, 10.1002/nme.2487 Gao, 2018, Scattering of plane SH waves induced by a semicylindrical canyon with a subsurface circular lined tunnel, Int J Geomech, ASCE, 18, 06018012, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001137 Dravinski, 1983, Ground motion amplification due to elastic inclusions in a halfspace, Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 11, 313, 10.1002/eqe.4290110303 Avila-Carrera, 2006, Scattering and diffraction of elastic P- and S-waves by a spherical obstacle: a review of the classical solution, Geof Int, 45, 3, 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2006.45.1.189 Datta, 1982, Scattering of SH waves by embedded cavities, Wave Motion, 4, 265, 10.1016/0165-2125(82)90023-3 Shah, 1982, Diffraction of plane SH waves in a half-space, Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 10, 519, 10.1002/eqe.4290100402 Shah, 1983, Single and multiple scattering of elastic waves in two dimensions, J Acoust Soc Am, 74, 1033, 10.1121/1.389936 Wong, 1985, Diffraction of elastic waves in a halfpace. II. Analytical and numerical solutions, Bull Seismol Soc Am, 75, 69 Crichlow, 1982, The effect of underground structure on seismic motions of the ground surface, Geophys J Int, 70, 563, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb05974.x Mitra, 2007, Effect of underground structures in earthquake resistant design of surface structures. ASCE GSP 160 dynamic response and soil properties, Geo-Denver: New Peaks Geotech Lancioni, 2014, Effects of underground cavities on the frequency spectrum of seismic shear waves, Adv Civ Eng, 17 Narayan, 2015, Effects of complex interaction of Rayleigh waves with tunnel on the free surface ground motion and the strain across the tunnel-lining, Nat Hazards, 79, 479, 10.1007/s11069-015-1853-0 Alielahi, 2016, Seismic effects of two-dimensional subsurface cavity on the ground motion by BEM: amplification patterns and engineering applications, Int J Civ Eng, 14, 233, 10.1007/s40999-016-0020-7 Alielahi, 2016, Site-specific response spectra for seismic motions in half-plane with shallow cavities, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 80, 163, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.10.003 Alielahi, 2016, Effect of twin-parallel tunnels on seismic ground response due to vertically in-plane waves, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 85, 67, 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.03.010 Alielahi, 2015, Seismic ground amplification by unlined tunnels subjected to vertically propagating SV and P waves using BEM, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 71, 63, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.007 Alielahi, 2016, A BEM investigation on the influence of underground cavities on the seismic response of canyons, Acta Geotech, 11, 391, 10.1007/s11440-015-0387-7 Manolis, 2015, Seismic response of buried metro tunnels by a hybrid FDM-BEM approach, Bull Earthq Eng, 13, 1953, 10.1007/s10518-014-9698-6 Besharat, 2014, Variations in ground surface response under different seismic input motions due the presence of a tunnel, Arab J Sci Eng, 39, 6927, 10.1007/s13369-014-1260-y Baziar, 2016, Tunnel flexibility effect on the ground surface acceleration response, J Earthq Eng Eng Vib, 15, 457, 10.1007/s11803-016-0336-y Moghadam, 2016, Seismic ground motion amplification pattern induced by a subway tunnel: shaking table testing and numerical simulation, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 83, 81, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.01.002 Abate, 2017, Numerical modelling of the seismic response of a tunnel-soil-aboveground building system in Catania (Italy), Bull Earthq Eng, 15, 469, 10.1007/s10518-016-9973-9 Abate, 2017, Parametric analysis of the seismic response of coupled tunnel-soil-aboveground building system in numerical modelling, Bull Earthq Eng, 15, 443, 10.1007/s10518-016-9975-7 Abuhajar, 2011, Effects of underground structures on amplification of seismic motion for sand with varying density Abuhajar, 2015, Experimental and numerical investigations of the effect of buried box culverts on earthquake excitation, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 79, 130, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.07.015 Baziar, 2014, Effect of underground tunnel on the ground surface acceleration, Tunn Undergr Sp Tech, 44, 10, 10.1016/j.tust.2014.07.004 Cilingir, 2011, Effect of depth on seismic response of circular tunnels, Can Geotech J, 48, 117, 10.1139/T10-047 Cilingir, 2011, A model study on the effects of input motion on the seismic behaviour of tunnels, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 31, 452, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.10.004 Bilotta, 2014, Editorial: round robin tunnel test (RRTT), Acta Geotech, 9, 561, 10.1007/s11440-014-0335-y Gizzi, 2006, Historical damage pattern and differential seismic effects in a town with ground cavities: a case study from Southern Italy, Eng Geol, 88, 41, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.08.001 Sgarlato, 2011, Evaluation of seismic site response nearby underground cavities using earthquake and ambient noise recordings: a case study in Catania area, Italy. Eng Geol, 122, 281, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.06.002 Sica, 2014, Ground motion amplification due to shallow cavities in nonlinear soils, Nat Hazards, 71, 1913, 10.1007/s11069-013-0989-z Evangelista, 2016, The influence of the 3D morphology and cavity network on the seismic response of Castelnuovo hill to the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake, Bull Earthq Eng, 14, 3363, 10.1007/s10518-016-0011-8 Uenish, 2000, Characteristic of the vertical seismic waves associated with the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake estimated from the failure of the Daikai underground station, Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 29, 813, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(200006)29:6<813::AID-EQE939>3.0.CO;2-E Iida, 1996, Damage to Daikai subway station, Soils Found, 283, 10.3208/sandf.36.Special_283 An, 1997, The collapse mechanism of a subway station during the great Hanshin earthquake, Cement Concr Comp, 19, 241, 10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00014-0 Huo, 2005, Load transfer mechanisms between underground structure and surrounding ground: evaluation of the failure of the Daikai station, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE, 131, 1522, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:12(1522) Parra-Montesinos, 2006, Evaluation of soil-structure interaction and structural collapse in Daikai subway station during Kobe earthquake, ACI Str J, 113 Yamato, 1996, Damage to Daikai subway station of Kobe rapid transit system and estimation of its reason during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, J JSCE, 537, 303 Cao, 2002, Seismic response analysis of Daikai subway station in Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, J Earthq Eng Eng Vib, 22, 102 ITASCA. FLAC – Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua – Version 7.0 User’s Guide. Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis; 2011. Kuhlemeyer, 1973, Finite element method accuracy for wave propagation problems, J Soil Mech Found Div ASCE, 99, 421, 10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001885 Park, 2004, Soil damping formulation in nonlinear time domain site response analysis, J Earthq Eng, 8, 249, 10.1080/13632460409350489 Manica, 2014, Assessment of damping models in FLAC, Comput Geotech, 59, 12, 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.02.007 Kwok, 2007, Use of exact solutions of wave propagation problems to guide implementation of nonlinear seismic ground response analysis procedures, J Geotech Geoenviron Eng ASCE, 133, 1385, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:11(1385) Sun, 2018, Significance of Rayleigh damping in nonlinear numerical seismic analysis of tunnels, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 115, 489, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.013 Sun, 2019, Assessment of stress relief during excavation on the seismic tunnel response by the pseudo-static method, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 117, 384, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.019 Sun, 1988 Seed, 1970