Mechanism of artemisinin phytotoxicity action: Induction of reactive oxygen species and cell death in lettuce seedlings

Apel, 2004, Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 55, 373, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701 Antoine, 2014, Rapid kill of malaria parasites by artemisinin and semi-synthetic endoperoxides involves ROS-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 69, 1005, 10.1093/jac/dkt486 Babula, 2009, Naphthoquinones as allelochemical triggers of programmed cell death, Environ. Exp. Bot., 65, 330, 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.11.007 Bates, 1973, Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant Soil, 39, 205, 10.1007/BF00018060 Berman, 1997, Artemisinin enhances heme-catalysed oxidation of lipid membranes, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 22, 1283, 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00508-4 Bharati, 2012, Artemisinin inhibit chloroplast electron transport activity: mode of action, PloS One, 7, e38942, 10.1371/journal.pone.0038942 1982, The chemistry and synthesis of Qinghaosu derivatives, J. Trad. Chin. Med., 2, 1 Crespo-Ortiz, 2012, Antitumor activity of artemisinin and its derivatives: from a well-known antimalarial agent to a potential anticancer drug, J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2012, 247597 Dayan, 1999, Comparative phytotoxicity of artemisinin and several sesquiterpene analogues, Phytochemistry, 50, 607, 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00568-8 Delabays, 2008, Herbicidal potential of artemisinin and allelopathic properties of Artemisia annua L: from the laboratory to the field, J. Plant Dis. Protect., Sp. Iss. 21, 317 Dix, 1993, Mechanisms and biological relevance of lipid peroxidation initiation, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 6, 2, 10.1021/tx00031a001 Duke, 1987, Artemisinin, a constituent of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua), is a selective phytotoxin, Weed Sci., 35, 499, 10.1017/S0043174500060458 Ganguli, 2014, Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine potentiates synergistically anti-cancer property of artemisinin by promoting ROS dependent apoptosis, Biochimie, 107, 338, 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.001 Gao, 2013, Artemisinin induces A549 cell apoptosis dominantly via a reactive oxygen species-mediated amplification activation loop among caspase-9, -8 and -3, Apoptosis, 18, 1201, 10.1007/s10495-013-0857-z Garnczarska, 2005, Response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle to re-aeration following hypoxia in lupine roots, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 43, 583, 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.05.003 Gopalakrishnan, 2015, Anti-malarial action of artesunate involves DNA damage mediated by reactive oxygen species, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59, 317, 10.1128/AAC.03663-14 Guidi, 1997, The use of chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange as methods for studying the different responses to ozone of two bean cultivars, J. Exp. Bot., 48, 173, 10.1093/jxb/48.1.173 Herrmann, 2013, Distribution and ecological impact of artemisinin derived from Artemisia annua L. in an agricultural ecosystem, Soil Biol. Biochem., 57, 164, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.08.011 Hodges, 1999, Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds, Planta, 207, 604, 10.1007/s004250050524 Jessing, 2009, Degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 701, 10.1897/08-153R.1 Jessing, 2013, Loss of artemisinin produced by Artemisia annua L. to the soil environment, Ind. Crop Prod., 43, 132, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.033 Jessing, 2014, Potential ecological roles of artemisinin produced by Artemisia annua L, J. Chem. Ecol., 40, 100, 10.1007/s10886-014-0384-6 Jessing, 2011, Monitoring of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and artemether in environmental matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 11735, 10.1021/jf2027632 Klayman, 1985, Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China, Science, 228, 1049, 10.1126/science.3887571 Koodkaew, 2012, Phytotoxic action mechanism of hapalocyclamide in lettuce seedlings, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 58, 23, 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.06.002 Koodkaew, 2012, Isolation of ambiguine D isonitrile from Hapalosiphon sp. and characterization of its phytotoxic activity, Plant Growth Regul., 68, 141, 10.1007/s10725-012-9700-8 Li, 2005, Yeast model uncovers dual roles of mitochondria in the action of artemisinin, PLoS Genet., 1, 329, 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010036 Livanos, 2012, Disturbance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis induces atypical tubulin polymer formation and affects mitosis in root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum and Arabidopsis thaliana, Cytoskeleton, 69, 1, 10.1002/cm.20538 Lv, 2011, Proline accumulation is inhibitory to Arabidopsis seedlings during heat stress, Plant Physiol., 156, 1921, 10.1104/pp.111.175810 Lydon, 1997, Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua) and the role of artemisinin, Weed Sci., 45, 807, 10.1017/S0043174500089001 Mercer, 2011, The role of heme and the mitochondrion in the chemical and molecular mechanisms of mammalian cell death induced by the artemisinin antimalarials, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 987, 10.1074/jbc.M110.144188 Ni, 2012, Effects of artemisinin on photosystem II performance of Microcystis aeruginosa by in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 89, 1165, 10.1007/s00128-012-0843-0 O'Neill, 2010, The molecular mechanism of action of artemisinin-the debate continues, Molecules, 15, 1705, 10.3390/molecules15031705 Pan, 2001, Aluminum-induced cell death in root-tip cells of barley, Environ. Exp. Bot., 46, 71, 10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00083-1 Panamanik, 2008, Effects of biochemicals of Artemisia annuain plants, J. Pierre Fauchard Acad., 21, 11 Planchais, 2000, Chemical inhibitors: a tool for plant cell cycle studies, FEBS Lett., 476, 78, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01675-6 Reichheld, 1999, Specific checkpoints regulate plant cell cycle progression in response to oxidative stress, Plant J., 17, 647, 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00413.x Sibmooh, 2000, Effect of artemisinin on lipid peroxidation and fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane in malaria, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 23, 1275, 10.1248/bpb.23.1275 Stiles, 1994, Effects of 2 sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia Annua on physiology of Lemna Minor, J. Chem. Ecol., 20, 969, 10.1007/BF02059591 Szabados, 2010, Proline: a multifunctional amino acid, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 89, 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.009 Tamás, 2004, Aluminium stimulated hydrogen peroxide production of germinating barley seeds, Environ. Exp. Bot., 51, 281, 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2003.11.007 Wang, 2010, Artemisinin directly targets malarial mitochondria through its specific mitochondrial activation, PLoS One, 5, e9582, 10.1371/journal.pone.0009582 Wellburn, 1994, The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution, J. Plant Physiol., 144, 307, 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81192-2 Yamamoto, 2002, Aluminum toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, Plant Physiol., 128, 63, 10.1104/pp.010417 Yang, 2009, Hydrogen peroxide-induced proline and metabolic pathway of its accumulation in maize seedlings, J. Plant Physiol., 166, 1694, 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.04.006