Towards IP geolocation with intermediate routers based on topology discovery

Cybersecurity - Tập 2 - Trang 1-14 - 2019
Zhihao Wang1, Hong Li2,1, Qiang Li3, Wei Li4, Hongsong Zhu2,1, Limin Sun2,1
1School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
4Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia

Tóm tắt

IP geolocation determines geographical location by the IP address of Internet hosts. IP geolocation is widely used by target advertising, online fraud detection, cyber-attacks attribution and so on. It has gained much more attentions in these years since more and more physical devices are connected to cyberspace. Most geolocation methods cannot resolve the geolocation accuracy for those devices with few landmarks around. In this paper, we propose a novel geolocation approach that is based on common routers as secondary landmarks (Common Routers-based Geolocation, CRG). We search plenty of common routers by topology discovery among web server landmarks. We use statistical learning to study localized (delay, hop)-distance correlation and locate these common routers. We locate the accurate positions of common routers and convert them as secondary landmarks to help improve the feasibility of our geolocation system in areas that landmarks are sparsely distributed. We manage to improve the geolocation accuracy and decrease the maximum geolocation error compared to one of the state-of-the-art geolocation methods. At the end of this paper, we discuss the reason of the efficiency of our method and our future research.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Archipelago (2007) Archipelago measurement infranstructure. http://www.caida.org/projects/ark/. Accessed Sept 2018. Eriksson, B, Barford P, Sommers J, Nowak R (2010) A learning-based approach for IP geolocation. In: Krishnamurthy A Plattner B (eds)Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6032.. Springer, Berlin. Gharaibeh, M, Shah A, Huffaker B, Zhang H, Ensafi R, Papadopoulos C (2017) A Look at Router Geolocation in Public and Commercial Databases In: proceedings of the 2017 Internet Measurement Conference, London. Gill, P, Ganjali Y, Wong B, Lie D (2010) Dude, where’s that ip?: Circumventing measurement-based ip geolocation In: Proceedings of the 19th USENIX Conference on Security, USENIX Association, 16–16.. USENIX Security’10, Berkeley. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1929820.1929842. Gueye, B, Ziviani A, Crovella M, Fdida S (2006) Constraint-based geolocation of Internet hosts. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 14(6):1219–1232. Guo, C, Liu Y, Shen W, Wang HJ, Yu Q, Zhang Y (2009) Mining the web and the Internet for accurate IP address geolocations In: IEEE INFOCOM 2009, 2841–2845.. IEEE, Rio de Janeiro. Hanemann, A, Boote JW, Boyd EL, Durand J, Kudarimoti L, Łapacz R, Swany DM, Trocha S, Zurawski J (2005) Perfsonar: A service oriented architecture for multi-domain network monitoring. In: Benatallah B, Casati F, Traverso P (eds)Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2005, 241–254.. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. Heidemann, J, Pradkin Y, Govindan R, Papadopoulos C, Bartlett G, Bannister J (2008) Census and Survey of the Visible Internet In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, 169–182.. ACM, New York. IMC ’08, https://doi.org/10.1145/1452520.1452542. Hu, Z, Heidemann J, Pradkin Y (2012) Towards Geolocation of Millions of IP Addresses In: Proceedings of the 2012 Internet Measurement Conference, 123–130.. ACM, New York. IMC ’12, https://doi.org/10.1145/2398776.2398790. Huffaker, B, Fomenkov M, Claffy k (2014) DRoP:DNS-based Router Positioning. ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev (CCR) 44(3):6–13. Katz-Bassett, E, John JP, Krishnamurthy A, Wetherall D, Anderson T, Chawathe Y (2006) Towards IP geolocation using delay and topology measurements In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement (IMC ’06), 71–84.. ACM, New York. Klingaman, A, Huang M, Muir S, Peterson L (2006) PlanetLab Core Specification 4.0. Tech. Rep. PDN–06–032, PlanetLab Consortium. Laki, S, Mátray P, Hága P, Sebȯk T, Csabai I, Vattay G (2011) Spotter: A model based active geolocation service In: INFOCOM, 2011 Proceedings IEEE, 3173–3181.. IEEE, Shanghai. Li, D, Chen J, Guo C, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y (2013) IP-geolocation mapping for moderately connected Internet regions. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 24(2):381–391. Liu, H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Fu X, Ramakrishnan KK (2014) Mining checkins from location-sharing services for client-independent IP geolocation In: IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 619–627. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2014.6847987. Matthews, W, Cottrell L (2000) The pinger project: active internet performance monitoring for the henp community. IEEE Commun Mag 38(5):130–136. https://doi.org/10.1109/35.841837. Meyer, D, et al. (2005) University of oregon route views project. http://routeviews.org/. Accessed Sept 2018. Muir, JA, Oorschot PCV (2009) Internet geolocation: Evasion and counterevasion. Acm Comput Surv (CSUR) 42(1):4. Newton, A, Ellacott B, Kong N (2015) Http usage in the registration data access protocol (rdap). Internet Requests Comments. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7480. Accessed Sept 2018. Padmanabhan, VN, Subramanian L (2001) An investigation of geographic mapping techniques for Internet hosts, Vol. 31. ACM. Route Server (2009) Public router servers. http://routeserver.org/. Wang, Y, Burgener D, Flores M, Kuzmanovic A, Huang C (2011) Towards street-level client-independent IP geolocation, Vol. 11. Weinberg, Z, Cho S, Christin N, Sekar V, Gill P (2018) How to catch when proxies lie: Verifying the physical locations of network proxies with active geolocation In: Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference, 203–217.. ACM, New York. IMC ’18, https://doi.org/10.1145/3278532.3278551, http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3278532.3278551. Wong, B, Stoyanov I, Sirer EG (2007) Octant: A comprehensive framework for the geolocalization of Internet hosts In: Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation,(NSDI 07).. USENIX Association, Cambridge. https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi-07/octant-comprehensive-framework-geolocalization-internet-hosts. Youn, I, Mark BL, Richards D (2009) Statistical geolocation of Internet hosts In: Proceedings of 18th Internatonal Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2009. ICCCN 2009, 1–6.. IEEE, San Francisco.