Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bulletin of the World Health Organization - Tập 91 Số 2 - Trang 102-123 - 2013
Bradley Mathers1, Louisa Degenhardt2, Chiara Bucello2, James C. Lemon2, Lucas Wiessing3, Matthew Hickman4
1The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
2National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
3Scientific Division, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.
4School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Darke S, Degenhardt L, Mattick RP, editors.Mortality amongst illicit drug users. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006.

Degenhardt, 2006, Using cohort studies to estimate mortality among injecting drug users that is not attributable to AIDS., Sex Transm Infect, 82, iii56, 10.1136/sti.2005.019273

Degenhardt, 2011, Mortality among cocaine users: a systematic review of cohort studies., Drug Alcohol Depend, 113, 88, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.026

Singleton, 2009, Mortality among amphetamine users: a systematic review of cohort studies., Drug Alcohol Depend, 105, 1, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.028

Degenhardt L, McLaren J, Ali H, Briegleb C; Global Burden of Disease Mental Disorders and Illicit Drug Use Expert Group.Methods used in a systematic review of mortality among dependent users of heroin and other opioids. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; 2008 (Illicit drugs discussion paper No. 9).

Calabria B, Phillips B, Singleton J, Mathers BM, Congreve E, Degenhardt L, et al.Searching the grey literature to access information on drug and alcohol research: A resource to identify drug related databases and websites. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; 2008.

Vandenbroucke, 2007, STROBE Initiative. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration., Epidemiology, 18, 805, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181577511

Wilcox, 2004, Association of alcohol and drug use disorders and completed suicide: an empirical review of cohort studies., Drug Alcohol Depend, 76, S11, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.003

DerSimonian, 1986, Meta-analysis in clinical trials., Control Clin Trials, 7, 177, 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2

Sharp, 1997, Meta-analysis., Stata Tech Bull, 38, 9

Higgins, 2003, Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses., BMJ, 327, 557, 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

Sharp, 1998, Meta-analysis regression., Stata Tech Bull, 42, 16

Thompson, 1999, Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods., Stat Med, 18, 2693, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::AID-SIM235>3.0.CO;2-V

Antolini, 2006, Differenze di genere e mortalità in una coorte di eroinomani nelle province emiliane di Modena e Ferrara [Gender difference and mortality in a cohort of heroin users in the Provinces of Modena and Ferrara, 1975–1999]., Epidemiol Prev, 30, 91

Azim, 2008, Prevalence of infections, HIV risk behaviors and factors associated with HIV infection among male injecting drug users attending a needle/syringe exchange program in Dhaka, Bangladesh., Subst Use Misuse, 43, 2124, 10.1080/10826080802344583

Azim T, Khan SI, Nahar Q, Reza M, Alam N, Saifi R, et al.20 years of HIV in Bangladesh: experiences and way forward. Washington: World Bank; 2009.

Bargagli, 2001, Mortality among problem drug users in Rome: an 18-year follow-up study, 1980–97., Addiction, 96, 1455, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961014559.x

Bauer, 2008, Mortality in opioid-maintained patients after release from an addiction clinic., Eur Addict Res, 14, 82, 10.1159/000113722

Brancato, 1995, Sopravvivenza e mortalità in una coorte di tossicodipendenti da eroina nel periodo 1985–1994 [Survival and mortality in a cohort of heroin addicts in 1985–1994]., Minerva Med, 86, 97

Cardoso, 2006, Projeto AjUDE-Brasil II. AIDS incidence and mortality in injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil II Project., Cad Saude Publica, 22, 827, 10.1590/S0102-311X2006000400021

Ciccolallo, 2000, La mortalità dei tossicodipendenti nella Regione Emilia Romagna e i suoi determinanti. Risultati di uno studio longitudinale [Mortality risk in intravenous drug users in Emilia Romagna region and its socio-demographic determinants. Results of a longitudinal study]., Epidemiol Prev, 24, 75

Clausen, 2008, Mortality prior to, during and after opioid maintenance treatment (OMT): a national prospective cross-registry study., Drug Alcohol Depend, 94, 151, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.003

Cornish, 2010, Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database., BMJ, 341, c5475, 10.1136/bmj.c5475

Copeland, 2004, Changing patterns in causes of death in a cohort of injecting drug users, 1980–2001., Arch Intern Med, 164, 1214, 10.1001/archinte.164.11.1214

Davoli, 2007, VEdeTTE Study Group. Risk of fatal overdose during and after specialist drug treatment: the VEdeTTE study, a national multi-site prospective cohort study., Addiction, 102, 1954, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02025.x

Degenhardt, 2009, Mortality among clients of a state-wide opioid pharmacotherapy program over 20 years: risk factors and lives saved., Drug Alcohol Depend, 105, 9, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.021

DiGiusto, 2004, Serious adverse events in the Australian National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD)., Addiction, 99, 450, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00654.x

Eskild, 1993, Differences in mortality rates and causes of death between HIV positive and HIV negative intravenous drug users., Int J Epidemiol, 22, 315, 10.1093/ije/22.2.315

Esteban, 2003, Survival study of opioid addicts in relation to its adherence to methadone maintenance treatment., Drug Alcohol Depend, 70, 193, 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00002-4

European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction.Mortality related to drug use in Europe: public health implications. Lisbon: EMCDDA; 2011.

Evans, 2012, Mortality among young injection drug users in San Francisco: a 10-year follow-up of the UFO study., Am J Epidemiol, 175, 302, 10.1093/aje/kwr318

Ferri, 2007, Gruppo di studio VEdeTTE. Mortalità in una coorte di tossicodipendenti da eroina arruolati presso i Ser.T in Italia, 1998–2001 [Mortality of drug users attending public treatment centers in Italy 1998–2001: a cohort study]., Epidemiol Prev, 31, 276

Fingerhood, 2006, Five year outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected injection drug users in a primary care practice., J Addict Dis, 25, 33, 10.1300/J069v25n02_05

Frischer, 1997, Mortality and survival among a cohort of drug injectors in Glasgow, 1982–1994., Addiction, 92, 419, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03373.x

Fugelstad, 1995, Mortality among HIV-infected intravenous drug addicts in Stockholm in relation to methadone treatment., Addiction, 90, 711, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02209.x

Fugelstad, 1997, Mortality and causes and manner of death among drug addicts in Stockholm during the period 1981–1992., Acta Psychiatr Scand, 96, 169, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10147.x

Fugelstad, 1998, Changes in mortality, arrests, and hospitalizations in nonvoluntarily treated heroin addicts in relation to methadone treatment., Subst Use Misuse, 33, 2803, 10.3109/10826089809059352

Galli, 1994, Mortality of intravenous drug users living in Milan, Italy: role of HIV-1 infection., AIDS, 8, 1457, 10.1097/00002030-199410000-00013

Goedert, 1995, Mortality among drug users in the AIDS era., Int J Epidemiol, 24, 1204, 10.1093/ije/24.6.1204

Goedert, 2001, Cause-specific mortality associated with HIV and HTLV-II infections among injecting drug users in the USA., AIDS, 15, 1295, 10.1097/00002030-200107060-00012

Golz, 2001, Comparison of antiretroviral therapy in IVDU and MSM – a retrospective study 1996-2000., Suchtmedizin in Forschung und Praxis., 3, 25

Haarr, 2007, Opioidbehandling av rusmiddelavhengige i en allmennpraksis [Treatment of opiate-dependent patients in a general practice]., Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 127, 1770

Hickman, 2003, Drug-related mortality and fatal overdose risk: pilot cohort study of heroin users recruited from specialist drug treatment sites in London., J Urban Health, 80, 274, 10.1093/jurban/jtg030

Jafari, 2010, A follow-up study of drug users in Southern Iran., Addict Res Theory, 18, 59, 10.3109/16066350902825930

Jarrin, 2007, Effect of education on overall and cause-specific mortality in injecting drug users, according to HIV and introduction of HAART., Int J Epidemiol, 36, 187, 10.1093/ije/dyl231

Lejckova, 2007, Mortality of hospitalized drug users in the Czech Republic., J Drug Issues, 37, 103, 10.1177/002204260703700105

Liu, 2011, Mortality of HIV infected clients treated with methadone maintenance treatment in Yili Kazakh autonomous prefecture., Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 45, 979

Lumbreras, 2006, Impact of hepatitis C infection on long-term mortality of injecting drug users from 1990 to 2002: differences before and after HAART., AIDS, 20, 111, 10.1097/01.aids.0000196164.71388.3b

Manfredi, 2006, Trend of mortality observed in a cohort of drug addicts of the metropolitan area of Bologna, North-Eastern Italy, during a 25-year-period., Coll Antropol, 30, 479

McAnulty, 1995, Mortality among injection drug users identified as “out of treatment”., Am J Public Health, 85, 119, 10.2105/AJPH.85.1.119

Mezzelani, 1998, A multicentre study on the causes of death among Italian injecting drug users. AIDS has overtaken overdose as the principal cause of death., AIDS Care, 10, 61, 10.1080/713612356

Miller, 2007, Factors associated with premature mortality among young injection drug users in Vancouver., Harm Reduct J, 4, 1, 10.1186/1477-7517-4-1

Moroni, 1991, Causes of death in a cohort of intravenous-drug-users (IVDUs) recruited in Milan., AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 7, 241

Moskalewicz, 1996, Umieralność osób uzaleznionych od narkotyków przyjmowanych w iniekcjach [Mortality of narcotic addicts using injections]., Przegl Epidemiol, 50, 323

Muga, 2007, Survival of HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era, relative to sex- and age-specific survival of HIV-uninfected IDUs., Clin Infect Dis, 45, 370, 10.1086/519385

Nyhlén, 2011, Substance abuse and psychiatric co-morbidity as predictors of premature mortality in Swedish drug abusers: a prospective longitudinal study 1970–2006., BMC Psychiatry, 11, 122, 10.1186/1471-244X-11-122

O’Driscoll, 2001, Predictors of accidental fatal drug overdose among a cohort of injection drug users., Am J Public Health, 91, 984, 10.2105/AJPH.91.6.984

Oppenheimer, 1994, Death and survival in a cohort of heroin addicts from London clinics: a 22-year follow-up study., Addiction, 89, 1299, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03309.x

Quan, 2007, Predictors of mortality among injecting and non-injecting HIV-negative drug users in northern Thailand., Addiction, 102, 441, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01709.x

Quan, 2011, Mortality and HIV transmission among male Vietnamese injection drug users., Addiction, 106, 583, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03175.x

Rahimi-Movahgar, 2011, Compulsory methadone maintenance treatment of severe cases of drug addiction in a residential setting in Tehran, Iran: outcome evaluation in two and six-month follow-up., Payesh, 10, 503

Reece, 2010, Favorable mortality profile of naltrexone implants for opiate addiction., J Addict Dis, 29, 30, 10.1080/10550880903435988

Sánchez-Carbonell, 2000, Ten-year survival analysis of a cohort of heroin addicts in Catalonia: the EMETYST project., Addiction, 95, 941, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95694110.x

Seaman, 1998, Mortality from overdose among injecting drug users recently released from prison: database linkage study., BMJ, 316, 426, 10.1136/bmj.316.7129.426

Solomon, 2009, Mortality among injection drug users in Chennai, India (2005–2008)., AIDS, 23, 997, 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832a594e

Sørensen, 2005, Drug-use pattern, comorbid psychosis and mortality in people with a history of opioid addiction., Acta Psychiatr Scand, 111, 244, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00445.x

Stenbacka, 2007, Mortality among opiate abusers in Stockholm: a longitudinal study., Heroin Addict Rel Clin Prob, 9, 41

Stoové, 2008, Mortality among injecting drug users in Melbourne: a 16-year follow-up of the Victorian Injecting Cohort Study (VICS)., Drug Alcohol Depend, 96, 281, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.006

Tait, 2008, Mortality in heroin users 3 years after naltrexone implant or methadone maintenance treatment., J Subst Abuse Treat, 35, 116, 10.1016/j.jsat.2007.08.014

van Haastrecht, 1996, Predictors of mortality in the Amsterdam cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative drug users., Am J Epidemiol, 143, 380, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008752

Vlahov, 2005, Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among injection drug users with late-stage human immunodeficiency virus infection., Am J Epidemiol, 161, 999, 10.1093/aje/kwi133

Vlahov, 2008, Mortality risk among recent-onset injection drug users in five US cities., Subst Use Misuse, 43, 413, 10.1080/10826080701203013

Zábranský, 2011, Mortality of cohort of very young injecting drug users in Prague, 1996–2010., Cent Eur J Public Health, 19, 152, 10.21101/cejph.a3681

Zaccarelli, 1994, Impact of HIV infection on non-AIDS mortality among Italian injecting drug users., AIDS, 8, 345, 10.1097/00002030-199403000-00008

Zhang, 2005, [A 1-year prospective cohort study on mortality of injecting drug users]., Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 26, 190

Mathers, 2008, Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review., Lancet, 372, 1733, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2

Mathers, 2010, Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use. HIV prevention, treatment and care for people who inject drugs: A systematic review of global, regional and country level coverage., Lancet, 375, 1014, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60232-2

Mattick, 2009, Methadone maintenance versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD002209

Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS – United Nations special session on HIV/AIDS. In: Twenty-sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. 25-27 June 2001. New York, United States of America; 2001.

Mathers, 2008, Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review., Lancet, 372, 1733, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2

Palmateer, 2010, Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and HIV transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews., Addiction, 105, 844, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x

Tilson H, Aramrattana A, Bozzette S.Preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users in high-risk countries: an assessment of the evidence. Washington: Institute of Medicine; 2007.

Degenhardt, 2010, Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: Why individual, structural, and combination approaches are required., Lancet, 376, 285, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8

Baca, 2005, Take-home naloxone to reduce heroin death., Addiction, 100, 1823, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01259.x

Kulinskaya E, Morgenthaler S, Staudte R.Meta analysis: a guide to calibrating and combining statistical evidence.Wiley-Interscience; 2008.