Ecological homogenization of urban USA

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment - Tập 12 Số 1 - Trang 74-81 - 2014
Peter M. Groffman1, Jeannine Cavender‐Bares2, Neil D. Bettez1, J. Morgan Grove3, Sharon J. Hall4, James B. Heffernan5, Sarah E. Hobbie2, Kelli L. Larson6, Jennifer Morse1, Christopher Neill7, Kristen C. Nelson8, Jarlath O’Neil‐Dunne9, Laura A. Ogden10, Diane E. Pataki11, Colin Polsky12, Rinku Roy Chowdhury13, Meredith Steele5
1Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY
2Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN
3Baltimore Field Station, USDA Forest Service, Baltimore, MD
4School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
5Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
6Schools of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning and Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
7The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA
8Department of Forest Resources and Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN
9Spatial Analysis Lab, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
10Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies, University Park Campus, Florida International University, Miami, FL
11Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
12Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA
13Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN

Tóm tắt

A visually apparent but scientifically untested outcome of land‐use change is homogenization across urban areas, where neighborhoods in different parts of the country have similar patterns of roads, residential lots, commercial areas, and aquatic features. We hypothesize that this homogenization extends to ecological structure and also to ecosystem functions such as carbon dynamics and microclimate, with continental‐scale implications. Further, we suggest that understanding urban homogenization will provide the basis for understanding the impacts of urban land‐use change from local to continental scales. Here, we show how multi‐scale, multi‐disciplinary datasets from six metropolitan areas that cover the major climatic regions of the US (Phoenix, AZ; Miami, FL; Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Minneapolis–St Paul, MN; and Los Angeles, CA) can be used to determine how household and neighborhood characteristics correlate with land‐management practices, land‐cover composition, and landscape structure and ecosystem functions at local, regional, and continental scales.

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Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

Tập 12 Số 1

74-81

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