Extinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution - Tập 24 - Trang 564-571 - 2009
Mikko Kuussaari1, Riccardo Bommarco2, Risto K. Heikkinen1, Aveliina Helm3, Jochen Krauss4, Regina Lindborg5, Erik Öckinger2, Meelis Pärtel3, Joan Pino6, Ferran Rodà6, Constantí Stefanescu7, Tiit Teder3, Martin Zobel3, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter4
1Finnish Environment Institute, Research Programme for Biodiversity, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
2Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
3Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai St 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia
4Population Ecology Group, Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
5Department of System Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
6CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications) and Unit of Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
7Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, Museu de Granollers de Ciències Naturals, Francesc Macià, 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ewers, 2006, Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation, Biol. Rev., 81, 117, 10.1017/S1464793105006949 Thomas, 2004, Extinction risk from climate change, Nature, 427, 145, 10.1038/nature02121 Sax, 2003, Species diversity: from global decreases to local increases, Trends Ecol. Evol., 18, 561, 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00224-6 Thomas, 2006, Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming, Trends Ecol. Evol., 21, 415, 10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.012 Sax, 2008, Species invasions and extinction: the future of native biodiversity on islands, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 105, 11490, 10.1073/pnas.0802290105 Brook, 2008, Synergies among extinction drivers under global change, Trends Ecol. Evol., 23, 453, 10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011 Hanski, 2002, Extinction debt at extinction threshold, Conserv. Biol., 16, 666, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00342.x Hanski, 2000, Extinction debt and species credit in boreal forests: modelling the consequences of different approaches to biodiversity conservation, Ann. Zool. Fennici, 37, 271 MacArthur, 1967 Diamond, 1972, Biogeographic kinetics: estimation of relaxation times for avifaunas of southwestern pacific islands, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 69, 3199, 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3199 Brooks, 1999, Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments, Conserv. Biol., 13, 1140, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98341.x Ferraz, 2003, Rates of species loss from Amazonian forest fragments, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 100, 14069, 10.1073/pnas.2336195100 Tilman, 1994, Habitat destruction and the extinction debt, Nature, 371, 65, 10.1038/371065a0 Loehle, 1996, Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited, Ecol. Appl., 6, 784, 10.2307/2269483 Stone, 1996, Modelling coral reef biodiversity and habitat destruction, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 134, 299, 10.3354/meps134299 Banks, 1997, Do imperfect trade-offs affect the extinction debt phenomenon?, Ecology, 78, 1597, 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1597:DITOAT]2.0.CO;2 Tilman, 1997, Habitat destruction, dispersal, and deterministic extinction in competitive communities, Am. Nat., 149, 407, 10.1086/285998 McCarthy, 1997, Extinction debts and risks faced by abundant species, Conserv. Biol., 11, 221, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95381.x Malanson, 2008, Extinction debt: origins, developments, and applications of a biogeographical trope, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 32, 277, 10.1177/0309133308096028 Hanski, 1996, Minimum viable metapopulation size, Am. Nat., 147, 527, 10.1086/285864 Bulman, 2007, Minimum viable metapopulation size, extinction debt, and the conservation of a declining species, Ecol. Appl., 17, 1460, 10.1890/06-1032.1 Lawton, 1995 Ovaskainen, 2002, Transient dynamics in metapopulation response to perturbation, Theor. Popul. Biol., 61, 285, 10.1006/tpbi.2002.1586 Soulé, 1988, Reconstructed dynamics of rapid extinctions of chapparal-requiring birds in urban habitat islands, Conserv. Biol., 2, 75, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00337.x Gilpin, 1986, Minimum viable populations: processes of species extinctions, 19 Lindenmayer, 2006 Harper, 2005, Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes, Conserv. Biol., 19, 768, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00045.x Laurance, 2008, Theory meets reality: how habitat fragmentation research has transcended island biogeographic theory, Biol. Conserv., 141, 1731, 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.05.011 Cousins, 2009, Extinction debt in fragmented grasslands: paid or not?, J. Veg. Sci., 20, 3, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05647.x Ovaskainen, 2004, Metapopulation dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes, 73 Vellend, 2006, Extinction debt of forest plants persists for more than a century following habitat fragmentation, Ecology, 87, 542, 10.1890/05-1182 Brook, 2003, Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore, Nature, 424, 420, 10.1038/nature01795 Ellis, 2007, 19th Century woodland structure controls stand-scale epiphyte diversity in present-day Scotland, Divers. Distrib., 13, 84, 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00310.x Gonzalez, 2000, Community relaxation in fragmented landscapes: the relation between species richness, area and age, Ecol. Lett., 3, 441, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00171.x Cowlishaw, 1999, Predicting the pattern of decline of African primate diversity: an extinction debt from historical deforestation, Conserv. Biol., 13, 1183, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98433.x Schtickzelle, 2005, Metapopulation dynamics and conservation of the marsh fritillary butterfly: Population viability analysis and management options for a critically endangered species in Western Europe, Biol. Conserv., 126, 569, 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.06.030 Gonzalez, 2002, Heterotroph species extinction, abundance and biomass dynamics in an experimentally fragmented microecosystem, J. Anim. Ecol., 71, 594, 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00625.x Helm, 2006, Slow response of plant species richness to habitat loss and fragmentation, Ecol. Lett., 9, 72 Lindborg, 2004, Historical landscape connectivity affects present plant species diversity, Ecology, 85, 1840, 10.1890/04-0367 Adriaens, 2006, No evidence of a plant extinction debt in highly fragmented calcareous grasslands in Belgium, Biol. Conserv., 133, 212, 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.06.006 Cousins, 2007, Effects of historical and present fragmentation on plant species diversity in semi-natural grasslands in Swedish rural landscapes, Landsc. Ecol., 22, 723, 10.1007/s10980-006-9067-1 Öster, 2007, Size and heterogeneity rather than landscape context determine plant species richness in semi-natural grasslands, J. Veg. Sci., 18, 859, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02602.x Berglund, 2005, Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and fungi in northern Swedish boreal forests, Conserv. Biol., 19, 338, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00550.x MacHunter, 2006, Bird declines over 22 years in forest remnants in southeastern Australia: Evidence of faunal relaxation?, Can. J. For. Res., 36, 2756, 10.1139/x06-159 Brooks, 1996, Atlantic forest extinctions, Nature, 380, 115, 10.1038/380115a0 Gutiérrez, 2001, Metapopulations of four lepidopteran herbivores on a single host plant Lotus corniculatus, Ecology, 82, 1371, 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1371:MOFLHO]2.0.CO;2 Cozzi, 2008, How do local habitat management and landscape structure at different spatial scales affect fritillary butterfly distribution on fragmented wetlands?, Landsc. Ecol., 23, 269, 10.1007/s10980-007-9178-3 Paltto, 2006, At which spatial and temporal scales does landscape context affect density of Red Data Book and indicator species?, Biol. Conserv., 133, 442, 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.006 Lewis, 2006, Climate change, species–area curves and the extinction crisis, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 361, 163, 10.1098/rstb.2005.1712 Penttilä, 2006, Consequences of forest fragmentation for polyporous fungi at two spatial scales, Oikos, 114, 225, 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14349.x Hanski, 2005 Pullin, 1996, Restoration of butterfly populations in Britain, Restor. Ecol., 4, 71, 10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00109.x Peach, 2001, Countryside stewardship delivers cirl buntings (Emberiza cirlus) in Devon, UK, Biol. Conserv., 101, 361, 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00083-0 Stouffer, 2009, Twenty years of understorey bird extinctions from Amazonian rain forest fragments: consistent trends and landscape-mediated dynamics, Divers. Distrib., 15, 88, 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00497.x Lindborg, 2007, Evaluating the distribution of plant life-history traits in relation to current and historical landscape configurations, J. Ecol., 95, 555, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01232.x Pärtel, 2007, Grassland diversity related to the Late Iron Age human population density, J. Ecol., 95, 574, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01230.x Honnay, 2006, Low impact of present and historical landscape configuration on the genetics of fragmented Anthyllis vulneraria populations, Biol. Conserv., 127, 411, 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.006 Piessens, 2006, Does the heathland flora in north-western Belgium show an extinction debt?, Biol. Conserv., 132, 382, 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.032 Ranius, 2008, Large-scale occurrence patterns of red-listed lichens and fungi on old oaks are influenced both by current and historical habitat density, Biodivers. Conserv., 17, 2371, 10.1007/s10531-008-9387-3 Gu, 2002, Estimating the consequences of habitat fragmentation on extinction risk in dynamic landscapes, Landsc. Ecol., 17, 699, 10.1023/A:1022993317717 Piha, 2007, Amphibian occurrence is influenced by current and historic landscape characteristics, Ecol. Appl., 17, 2298, 10.1890/06-1509.1 Harding, 1998, Stream biodiversity: the ghost of land use past, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 95, 14843, 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14843 Petit, 1998, Effects of landscape dynamics on the metapopulation of a ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in a hedgerow network, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ, 69, 243, 10.1016/S0167-8809(98)00111-X Looy, 2001, Life in the end-Permian dead zone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 98, 7879, 10.1073/pnas.131218098 Pärtel, 1999, Landscape history of a calcareous (alvar) grassland in Hanila, western Estonia, during the last three hundred years, Landsc. Ecol., 14, 187, 10.1023/A:1008040114832 Báldi, 2006, Extinction debt of Hungarian reserves: A historical perspective, Basic Appl. Ecol., 7, 289, 10.1016/j.baae.2005.09.005 Cousins, 2006, Plant species richness in midfield islets and road verges – the effect of landscape fragmentation, Biol. Conserv., 127, 500, 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.009 Laaksonen, 2008, Effects of habitat quality and landscape structure on saproxylic species dwelling in boreal spruce-swamp forests, Oikos, 117, 1098, 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16620.x Polus, 2007, Tracking the effects of one century of habitat loss and fragmentation on calcareous grassland butterfly communities, Biodivers. Conserv., 16, 3423, 10.1007/s10531-006-9008-y Herben, 2006, Long-term spatial dynamics of Succisa pratensis in a changing rural landscape: linking dynamical modeling with historical maps, J. Ecol., 94, 131, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01063.x