Tetrapod burrows from the Middle–Upper Triassic Chañares Formation (La Rioja, Argentina) and its palaeoecological implications

Abdala, 2000, Gomphodont cynodonts of the Chañares Formation: the analysis of an ontogenetic sequence, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 20, 501, 10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0501:GCOTCA]2.0.CO;2 Abdala, 2009, A Middle Triassic cynodont fauna from Namibia and its implications for the biogeography of Gondwana, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 29, 837, 10.1671/039.029.0303 Abdala, 2006, Faunal aggregation in the Early Triassic Karoo Basin: earliest evidence of shelter-sharing behavior among tetrapods?, PALAIOS, 21, 507, 10.2110/palo.2005.P06-001R Ahlbrandt, 1978, Bioturbation in eolian deposits, J. Sediment. Res., 48, 839 Andersen, 1988, Tunnel-construction methods and foraging path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius, J. Mammal., 69, 565, 10.2307/1381348 Arcucci, 1997, Dinosauromorpha Arcucci, 2004, Tetrapod association and palaeoenvironment of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina): a significant sample from Western Gondwana at the end of the Triassic, Geobios, 37, 557, 10.1016/j.geobios.2003.04.008 Barnard, 2004 Benton, 2016, The Triassic, Curr. Biol., 26, 1214, 10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.060 Benton, 2009 Boggs, 2006 Bonaparte, 1971, Los Tetrápodos del sector superior de la Formación Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina. (Triásico Superior), XXII, 1 Bonaparte, 1975, Nuevos materiales de Lagosuchus talampayensis Romer (Thecodontia-Pseudosuchia) y su significado en el origen de los Saurischia. Chañarense inferior, Triásico Medio de Argentina, Acta Geol. Lilloana, 13, 5 Bordy, 2011, Early Triassic vertebrate burrows from the Katberg Formation of the south-western Karoo Basin, South Africa, Lethaia, 44, 33, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00223.x Bordy, 2017, First Lower Jurassic vertebrate burrow from southern Africa (upper Elliot Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa), Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 468, 362, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.024 Botha, 2004, Growth and life habits of the Triassic cynodont Trirachodon, inferred from bone histology, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 49, 619 Botha, 2005, Growth patterns of Thrinaxodon liorhinus, a non-mammalian cynodont from the Lower Triassic of South Africa, Palaeontology, 48, 385, 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00447.x Bown, 1987, Integration of channel and floodplain suites, I. Developmental sequence and lateral relations of alluvial paleosols, J. Sediment. Petrol., 57, 587 Buatois, 2011, Ichnology Buol, 2011 Camin, 1995, The burrowing behavior of Ctenomys mendocinus (Rodentia), Mammalia, 59, 9, 10.1515/mamm.1995.59.1.9 Cluver, 1978, The skeleton of the mammal-like reptile Cistecephalus with evidence for a fossorial mode of life, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 76, 213 Colombi, 2008, Large-diameter burrows in the upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, Northwestern Argentina, Ameghiniana, 45, 795 Colombi, 2012, Large-diameter burrows of the Triassic Ischigualasto Basin, NW Argentina: paleoecological and paleoenvironmental implications, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0050662 Crompton, 1955, On some Triassic cynodonts from Tanganyika, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 125, 617, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1955.tb00620.x Damiani, 2003, Earliest evidence of cynodont burrowing, Proc. R. Soc. Biol. Sci., 270, 1747, 10.1098/rspb.2003.2427 Dentzien-Dias, 2015, Burrow architecture and burrowing dynamics of Ctenomys in foredunes and paleoenvironmental implications, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 439, 166, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.01.023 Domnanovich, 2012, The Triassic dicynodont Vinceria (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from Argentina and a discussion on basal Kannemeyeriiformes, Geobios, 45, 173, 10.1016/j.geobios.2011.03.003 Doody, 2014, Cryptic and complex nesting in the yellow-spotted monitor, Varanus panoptes, J. Herpetol., 48, 363, 10.1670/13-006 Doody, 2015, Deep nesting in a lizard, déjà vu devil's corkscrews: first helical reptile burrow and deepest vertebrate nest, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 116, 13, 10.1111/bij.12589 Ezcurra, 2014, The oldest rhynchosaur from Argentina: a Middle Triassic rhynchosaurid from the Chañares Formation (Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin, La Rioja Province), Paläontol. Z., 88, 453, 10.1007/s12542-013-0203-3 Ezcurra, 2017, Deep faunistic turnovers preceded the rise of dinosaurs in southwestern Pangaea, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 1, 1477, 10.1038/s41559-017-0305-5 Fernandez, 2013, Synchrotron reveals early Triassic odd couple: injured amphibian and aestivating therapsid share burrow, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064978 Fiorelli, 2013, The oldest known communal latrines provide evidence of gregarism in Triassic megaherbivores, Sci. Rep., 3, 1 Fisher, 1995, Decoupling of pyroclastic currents: hazards assessments, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 66, 257, 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00075-R Gouiric-Cavalli, 2017, First fish remains from the earliest Late Triassic of the Chañares Formation (La Rioja, Argentina) and their paleobiogeographic implications, Ameghiniana, 54, 137, 10.5710/AMGH.10.10.2016.3015 Groenewald, 2001, Vertebrate burrow complexes from the Early Triassic Cynognathus Zone (Driekoppen Formation, Beaufort Group) of the Karoo Basin, South Africa, PALAIOS, 16, 148, 10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0148:VBCFTE>2.0.CO;2 Gulbranson, 2015, Paleoenvironments and age of the Talampaya Formation: the Permo-Triassic boundary in northwestern Argentina, J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 63, 310, 10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.008 Hasiotis, 2004, Vertebrate burrows from Triassic and Jurassic continental deposits of North America and Antarctica: their paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance, Ichnos, 11, 103, 10.1080/10420940490428760 Hasiotis, 2007, The trace-fossil record of vertebrates Hembree, 2010, Chapter 12 - aestivation in the fossil record: evidence from ichnology, 49, 245 Hembree, 2008, Miocene vertebrate and invertebrate burrows defining compound paleosols in the Pawnee Creek Formation, Colorado, USA, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 270, 349, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.07.019 Hembree, 2004, Amphibian burrows and ephemeral ponds of the Lower Permian Speiser Shale, Kansas: evidence for seasonality in the midcontinent, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 203, 127, 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00664-3 Hembree, 2005, Torridorefugium eskridgensis (new ichnogenus and ichnospecies): amphibian aestivation burrows from the Lower Permian speiser shale of Kansas, J. Paleontol., 79, 583, 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0583:TENIAI>2.0.CO;2 Hembree, 2012, Neoichnology of the desert scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis: burrows to biogenic cross lamination, Palaeontol. Electron., 15, 1 Jackson, 2000, Adaptation to living in an open arid environment: lessons from the burrow structure of the two southern African whistling rats, Parotomys brantsii and P. littledalei, J. Arid Environ., 46, 345, 10.1006/jare.2000.0683 Jasinoski, 2017, Aggregations and parental care in the Early Triassic basal cynodonts Galesaurus planiceps and Thrinaxodon liorhinus, PeerJ, 5, 10.7717/peerj.2875 Jones, 1994, Organisms as ecosystem engineers, Oikos, 69, 373, 10.2307/3545850 Kinlaw, 1999, A review of burrowing by semi-fossorial vertebrates in arid environments, J. Arid Environ., 41, 127, 10.1006/jare.1998.0476 Kinlaw, 2012, Evidence for and geomorphologic consequences of a reptilian ecosystem engineer: the burrowing cascade initiated by the Gopher Tortoise, Geomorphology, 157–158, 108, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.030 Kokogian, 1999, Los depósitos continentales triásicos, 29 Krapovickas, 2013, Large tetrapod burrows from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: a behavioural adaptation to seasonal semi-arid climate?, Lethaia, 46, 154, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00329.x Kraus, 2006, Significance of different modes of rhizolith preservation to interpreting paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic settings: examples from Paleogene paleosols, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A, J. Sediment. Res., 76, 633, 10.2110/jsr.2006.052 Krummeck, 2017, Reniformichnus katikatii (new ichnogenus and ichnospecies): continental vertebrate burrows from the Lower Triassic, main Karoo Basin, South Africa, Ichnos, 1 Langer, 2010, The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs, Biol. Rev., 85, 55, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x López-Gamundí, 1994, Southern South America, 184 Mancuso, 2012, Paleolimnology evolution in rift basins: the Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin (Central-Western Argentina) during the Triassic, Sediment. Geol., 275–276, 38, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.07.012 Mancuso, 2014, The Chañares Formation: a window to a Middle Triassic tetrapod community, Lethaia, 47, 244, 10.1111/let.12055 Mancuso, 2018, Carnivore coprolites from the lower Carnian (Upper Triassic) Chañares Formation, northwestern Argentina, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 489, 15, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.07.032 Marsicano, 2016, The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 113, 509, 10.1073/pnas.1512541112 Martin, 2017, The evolution underground: burrows, bunkers, and the marvelous subterranean world beneath our feet Martinelli, 2005, A new tritheledontid (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts, Ameghiniana, 42, 191 Martinelli, 2016, Two new cynodonts (Therapsida) from the Middle-early Late Triassic of Brazil and comments on South American probainognathians, PLoS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0162945 Martinelli, 2017, The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance, PLoS One, 12, 10.1371/journal.pone.0177948 Martínez, 2013, Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation, J. Vertebr. Paleontol. Mem., 12, 10 Melchor, 2012, Fluvial environments, vol. 64, 10.1016/B978-0-444-53813-0.00012-5 Miall, 1996 Milana, 1994, Modelo tectosedimentario de la cuenca triásica de Ischigualasto (San Juan, Argentina), Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent., 49, 217 Miller, 2001, Tetrapod and large burrows of uncertain origin in Triassic high paleolatitude floodplain deposits, Antarctica, PALAIOS, 16, 218, 10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0218:TALBOU>2.0.CO;2 Modesto, 2010, Burrow cast with Lystrosaurus skeletal remains from the Lower Triassic of South Africa, PALAIOS, 25, 274, 10.2110/palo.2009.p09-077r Nesbitt, 2010, Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira, Nature, 464, 95, 10.1038/nature08718 Novas, 2015, Taxonomy of basal dinosauriforms: evidence provided by a new specimen from the Triassic Chañares Formation, NW Argentina Olson, 1975, Permo-Carboniferous fresh water burrows, Fieldiana Geol., 33, 271 Orton, 1996, Volcanic environments Parrish, 1993, Climate of the supercontinent Pangea, J. Geol., 101, 215, 10.1086/648217 Perez Loinaze, 2016, The first palynologic association from the early Late Triassic Chañares Formation and the paleodiet of the megaherbivore dicynodonts, 112 Plotnick, 2012, Behavioral biology of trace fossils, Paleobiology, 38, 459, 10.1666/11008.1 Reichman, 1990, Burrows and burrowing behaviour by mammals Retallack, 2001 Retallack, 2007, Paleosols Retallack, 2003, Vertebrate extinction across Permian – Triassic boundary in Karoo Basin, South Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115, 1133, 10.1130/B25215.1 Rogers, 2001, Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of the Chanãres Formation tetrapod assemblage (Middle Triassic), northwestern Argentina: spectacular preservation in volcanogenic concretions, PALAIOS, 16, 461, 10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0461:PATOTC>2.0.CO;2 Romer, 1966, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. I. Introduction, Breviora, 247, 1 Romer, 1967, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. III. Two new gomphodonts, Massetognathus pascuali and M. teruggii, Breviora, 264, 1 Romer, 1969, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. V. A new chiniquodontid cynodont, Probelesodon lewisi – Cynodont ancestry, Breviora, 333, 1 Romer, 1970, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. VI. A chiniquodontid cynodont with an incipient squamosal-dentary jaw articulation, Breviora, 344, 1 Romer, 1973, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. XX. Summary, Breviora, 413, 1 Romer, 1966, The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile Fauna. II. Sketch of the geology of the Río Chañares-Río Gualo region, Breviora, 252, 1 Schaetzl, 2005 Sidor, 2008, Tetrapod burrows from the Triassic of Antarctica, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 28, 277, 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[277:TBFTTO]2.0.CO;2 Simms, 1990, Climatic and biotic change in the late Triassic, J. Geol. Soc., 147, 321, 10.1144/gsjgs.147.2.0321 Smith, 1987, Helical burrow casts of therapsid origin from the Beaufort Group (Permian) of South Africa, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 60, 155, 10.1016/0031-0182(87)90030-7 Smith, 1991, Facies sequences and geometries in continental volcaniclastic sequences, 109 Smith, 1993, Vertebrate taphonomy of Late Permian floodplain deposits in the Southwestern Karoo Basin of South Africa, PALAIOS, 8, 45, 10.2307/3515221 Smith, 2005, The recovery of terrestrial vertebrate diversity in the South African Karoo Basin after the end-Permian extinction, C. R. Palevol., 4, 555, 10.1016/j.crpv.2005.07.005 Stipanicic, 2002, Léxico Estratigráfico de la Argentina Tałanda, 2011, Vertebrate burrow system from the Upper Triassic of Poland, PALAIOS, 26, 99, 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-024r Uliana, 1988, Mesozoic–Cenozoic paleogeographic and geodynamic evolution of southern South America, Rev. Bras. Geociênc., 18, 172, 10.25249/0375-7536.1988182172190 Vallon, 2015, An updated classification of animal behaviour preserved in substrates, Geodin. Acta, 28, 5, 10.1080/09853111.2015.1065306 Viglietti, 2013, Origin and palaeoenvironmental significance of Lystrosaurus bonebeds in the earliest Triassic Karoo Basin, South Africa, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 392, 9, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.015 Voigt, 2011, Complex tetrapod burrows from Middle Triassic Red Beds of the Argana Basin (western High Atlas, Morocco), PALAIOS, 26, 555, 10.2110/palo.2011.p11-014r Voorhies, 1975, Vertebrate burrows White, 2005, The allometry of burrow geometry, J. Zool. Lond., 265, 395, 10.1017/S0952836905006473 Wright, 1992, Paleosol recognition: a guide to early diagenesis in terrestrial settings, vol. 47, 10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70574-0 Xing, 2016, Middle Jurassic tetrapod burrows preserved in association with the large sauropod Omeisaurus jiaoi from the Sichuan Basin, China, Hist. Biol., 1 Zaitlin, 2012, Interactions between soil biota and the effects on geomorphological features, Geomorphology, 157–158, 142, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.07.029