Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Chronic Alopecia Areata

Chomarat, 1995, The balance of IL-1 receptor antagonist/ IL-1β in rheumatoid synovium and its regulation by IL-4 and IL-10, J Immunol, 154, 1432, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.3.1432 Devergne, 1991, Activation of cytotoxic cells in hyperplastic lymph nodes from HIV-infected patients, AIDS, 5, 1071, 10.1097/00002030-199109000-00002 Emilie, 1990, Production of interleukins in human deficiency virus-1 replicating lymph nodes, J Clin Invest, 86, 148, 10.1172/JCI114678 Gilhar, 1998, Autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata) transferred by T lymphocytes to human scalp explants on SCID mice, J Clin Invest, 101, 62, 10.1172/JCI551 Happle, 1995, Cytokine patterns in alopecia areata before and after topical immunotherapy, J Invest Dermatol, 104, 14S, 10.1038/jid.1995.36 Harmon, 1993, IL-1α inhibits human hair follicle growth and hair fiber production in whole-organ cultures, Lymphokines Cytokines Res, 12, 197 Hayes, 1989, Induction of target cell DNA release by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule protease granzyme A, J Exp Med, 170, 933, 10.1084/jem.170.3.933 Heusel, 1994, Cytotoxic lymphocytes require granzyme B for the rapid induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in allogeneic target cells, Cell, 76, 977, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90376-X Hoffmann, 1996, Growth factor mRNA levels in alopecia areata before and after treatment with the contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone, Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 76, 17 Kalish, 1992, Autoreactive T Cells are variably enriched in scalp lesions relative to peripheral blood, Arch Dermatol, 128, 1072, 10.1001/archderm.1992.01680180066007 Lindner, 1997, Analysis of apoptosis during hair follicle regression (catagen), Am J Pathol, 151, 1601 McElwee, 1996, In vivo depletion of CD8+ cells restores hair regrowth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata, Br J Dermatol, 135, 211, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01149.x Messenger, 1978, Expression of HLA-DR by anagen hair follicles in alopecia areata, J Invest Dermatol, 85, 569, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277414 Nickoloff, 1991, Aberrant intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by hair-follicle epithelial cells and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) by vascular cells are important adhesion-molecule alterations in alopecia areata, J Invest Dermatol, 96, 91S, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12472216 Norris, 1995, Immunologic cytotoxicity in alopecia areata: apoptosis of dermal papilla cells in alopecia areata, J Invest Dermatol, 104, 8S Perret, 1984, Immunohistochemical analysis of T cell subsets in the peribulbar and intrabulbar infiltrates of alopecia areata, Acta Derm Venereol, 64, 26 Peuchmaur, 1990, Crevon mC, Solal-Seligny, p., Maillot MC, Lemaigre G, Galanaud P. IL-2 mRNA expression in Tac positive malignant lymphomas, Am J Pathol, 136, 383 Poe, 1991, Human cytotoxic lymphocyte granzyme B. Its purification from granules and the characterization of substrate and inhibitor specificity, J Biol Chem, 266, 98, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)52407-8 Ranki, 1984, Immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic characterization of the cellular infiltrate in alopecia areata, J Am Acad Dermatol, 83, 7 Sayama, 1994, Expression of Fas-antigen on keratinocyte cultures in vivo and induction of apoptosis in cultured keratinocytes, J Invest Dermatol, 103, 330, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12394858 Shi, 1992, Purification of three cytotoxic lymphocyte granule serine proteases that induce apoptosis through distinct substrate and target cell interactions, J Exp Med, 176, 1521, 10.1084/jem.176.6.1521 Stenn, 1994, Expression of the bcl-2 protooncogene in the cycling adult mouse hair follicle, J Invest Dermatol, 103, 107, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12391844 Tobin, 1991, Cell degeneration in alopecia areata, Am J Dermatopathol, 13, 248, 10.1097/00000372-199106000-00006 Van Parijs, 1996, Role of Fas-mediated cell death in the regulation of immune response, Curr Opin Immunol, 8, 355, 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80125-7 Vaux, 1992, Bcl-2 prevents death of factor-deprived cells but fails to prevent apoptosis in target cell mediated killing, Int Immunol, 4, 821, 10.1093/intimm/4.7.821 Weedon, 1981, Apoptosis as the mechanism of the involution of hair follicles in catagen transformation, Acta Derm Venereol (Stock), 61, 335, 10.2340/0001555561335339 Wiesner Menzel, 1984, Intrabulbar and peribulbar accumulation of dendritic OKT6 positive cells in alopecia areata, Arch Dermatol Res, 276, 333, 10.1007/BF00404628