Firmness measurement of peach by impact force response
Tóm tắt
The impact force response of a peach impacting on a metal flat-surface was considered as nondestructive determination of firmness. The objectives were to analyze the effect of firmness, drop height, fruit mass, and impact orientation on the impact force parameters, and to establish a relationship between the impact force parameter and firmness. The effect of fruit firmness, drop height and fruit mass on the impact force parameters (coefficient of restitution, percentage of energy absorbed, and coefficient of force-time) was evaluated. The study found that the coefficient of restitution, percentage of energy absorbed, and force-time impact coefficient were significantly affected by fruit ripeness, but not affected by drop height, impact position (fruit cheek), and mass. The percentage of absorbed energy increased with ripeness, while the force-time impact coefficient and coefficient of restitution decreased with ripeness. Relationships were obtained between the three impact characteristic parameters (force-time impact coefficient, coefficient of restitution, and percentage of energy absorbed) and peach firmness using a polynomial model (R
2=0.932), S model (R
2=0.910), and exponential model (R
2=0.941), respectively.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbott, J.A., Massie, D.R., 1995. Nondestructive dynamic force/deformation measurement of kiwifruit firmness (Actinidia deliciosa). Trans. ASAE, 38(6):1809–1812.
Brusewitz, G.H., McCollum, T.G., Zhang, X., 1991. Impact bruise resistance of peaches. Trans. ASAE, 34(3):962–965.
Delwiche, M.J., McDonald, T., Bowers, S.V., 1987. Determination of peach firmness by analysis of impact forces. Trans. ASAE, 30(1):249–254.
Delwiche, M.J., Tang, S., Mehlschau, J.J., 1989. An impact force response fruit firmness sorter. Trans. ASAE, 32(1):321–326.
Delwiche, M.J., Arevalo, H., Mehlschau, J., 1996. Second generation impact force response fruit firmness sorter. Trans. ASAE, 39(3):1025–1033.
Fu, X., Ying, Y., Zhou, Y., Xie, L., Xu. H., 2008. Application of NIR spectroscopy for firmness evaluation of peaches. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 9(7):552–557. [doi:10.1631/jzus.B0720018]
Lichtensteiger, M.J., Holmes, R.G., Hamedy, M.Y., Blaisdell, J.L., 1988. Impact parameters of spherical viscoelastic objects and tomatoes. Trans. ASAE, 31(2):595–602.
Mizrach, A., Flitsanov, U., Fuchs, Y., 1997. An ultrasonic nondestructive method for measuring maturity of mango fruit. Trans. ASAE, 40(4):1107–1111.
Peleg, K., 1999. Development of a commercial fruit firmness sorter. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 72(3):231–238. [doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0367]
Schmilovitch, Z., Zaltzman, A., Hoffman, A., Edan, Y., 1995. Firmness sensor and system for date sorting. Appl. Eng. Agric., 11(4):555–560.
Scorza, R., Anger, W., Peteson, D., Bett, K., Champagne, E., Beaulieu, J., Ingram, D.A., 2004. Non-Destructive Evaluation of Post-harvest Peach Fruit Softening. In: Laurens, F., Evans, K. (Eds.), XIth Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics. ISHS Acta Hort 663, Angers, France, p.269–273.
Sugiyama, J., Katsurai, T., Hong, J., Koyama, H., Mikuriya, K., 1998. Melon ripeness monitoring by a portable firmness tester. Trans. ASAE, 41(1):121–127.
Teng, B., 2002. Studies on the Characteristics of Frequency of Pear and Peach. PhD Dissertation. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, p.23–35 (in Chinese).
Timm, E.J., Brown, G.K., Armstrong, P.R., Beaudy, R.M., Shifazi, A., 1996. Portable instrument for measuring firmness of cherries and berries. Appl. Eng. Agric., 12(1): 71–77.
Wan, Y.N., Yen, M.H., Ay, C., 1997. Nondestructive maturity inspection of fruits and vegetable by impact. J. Agric. Machinery, 6:21–33.
Wang, J., Teng, B., 2006. Firmness evaluation by drop impact characteristics for peach. Int. J. Food Prop., 9(3):439–451. [doi:10.1080/10942910600596324]
Wang, J., Teng, B., Yu, Y., 2006. The firmness detection by excitation dynamic characteristics for peach. Food Control, 17(5):353–358. [doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.12.001]
Wang, J., Ying, T.J., Cheng, K.C., 2007. Evaluation of pear firmness by dynamic characteristics of drop impact. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87(8):1449–1454. [doi:10.1002/jsfa.2781]
Yen, M., Wan, Y., 2003. Determination of textural indices of guava fruit using discriminate analysis by impact force. Trans. ASAE, 46(4):1161–1166.
Zhang, X., Stone, M.L., Chen, D., Maness, N.O., Brusewitz, G.H., 1994. Peach firmness determination by puncture resistance, drop impact, and sonic impulse. Trans. ASAE, 37(2):495–500.