Detecting fake news by exploring the consistency of multimodal data

Allcott, 2017, Social media and fake news in the 2016 election, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31, 211, 10.1257/jep.31.2.211 Ángel González, 2020, Transformer based contextualization of pre-trained word embeddings for irony detection in Twitter, Information Processing & Management, 57 Antol, 2015, VQA: Visual question answering, 2425 Cao, 2019 Castillo, 2011, Information credibility on Twitter, 675 Chen, 2018, Call attention to rumors: Deep attention based recurrent neural networks for early rumor detection, 40 Chen, 2018, Unsupervised rumor detection based on users’ behaviors using neural networks, Pattern Recognition Letters, 105, 226, 10.1016/j.patrec.2017.10.014 Devlin, 2019, BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding, 4171 Imran, 2020, Using AI and social media multimodal content for disaster response and management: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions, Information Processing & Management, 57, 10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102261 Jin, 2017, 795 Jin, 2016, News verification by exploiting conflicting social viewpoints in microblogs, 2972 Jin, 2017, Novel visual and statistical image features for microblogs news verification, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 19, 598, 10.1109/TMM.2016.2617078 Kaghazgaran, 2018, Combating crowdsourced review manipulators: A neighborhood-based approach, 306 Khattar, 2019, MVAE: Multimodal variational autoencoder for fake news detection, 2915 Kumar, 2020, Hybrid context enriched deep learning model for fine-grained sentiment analysis in textual and visual semiotic modality social data, Information Processing & Management, 57, 10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102141 Lang, 1979, A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery, Psychophysiology, 16, 495, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x Lin, 2009, Fast, automatic and fine-grained tampered JPEG image detection via dct coefficient analysis, Pattern Recognition, 42, 2492, 10.1016/j.patcog.2009.03.019 Liu, Y., & Wu, Y. B. (2018). Early detection of fake news on social media through propagation path classification with recurrent and convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the thirty-second AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (pp. 354–361). Liu, 2020, Dynamic attention-based explainable recommendation with textual and visual fusion, Information Processing & Management, 57, 10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102099 Ma, 2016, Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks, 3818 Ma, 2018, Rumor detection on Twitter with tree-structured recursive neural networks, 1980 Ma, 2019, Detect rumors on Twitter by promoting information campaigns with generative adversarial learning, 3049 Maigrot, 2016, Mediaeval 2016: A multimodal system for the verifying multimedia use task Mikolov, 2013, Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality, 3111 Pennebaker, 2015 Popat, 2016, Credibility assessment of textual claims on the web, 2173 Qi, 2019, Exploiting multi-domain visual information for fake news detection, 518 Qian, 2018, Neural user response generator: Fake news detection with collective user intelligence, 3834 Reis, 2019, Supervised learning for fake news detection, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 34, 76, 10.1109/MIS.2019.2899143 Rubin, 2016, Fake news or truth? Using satirical cues to detect potentially misleading news, 7 Ruchansky, 2017, Csi: A hybrid deep model for fake news detection, 797 Shu, 2017, Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective, SIGKDD Exploration Newsletters, 19, 22, 10.1145/3137597.3137600 Simonyan, 2015 Sunstein, 2009 Truong, 2019, Multimodal review generation for recommender systems, 1864 Vaswani, 2017, Attention is all you need, 6000 Vinyals, 2017, Show and tell: Lessons learned from the 2015 MSCOCO image captioning challenge, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 39, 652, 10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2587640 Wang, 2017, GANG: Detecting fraudulent users in online social networks via guilt-by-association on directed graphs, 465 Wang, 2017, Handling cold-start problem in review spam detection by jointly embedding texts and behaviors, 366 Wang, 2018, EANN: Event adversarial neural networks for multi-modal fake news detection, 849 Wu, 2015, False rumors detection on sina weibo by propagation structures, 651 Yang, 2018 Zhao, 2019, An image-text consistency driven multimodal sentiment analysis approach for social media, Information Processing & Management, 56, 10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102097 Zhen, 2019, Deep supervised cross-modal retrieval, 10386 Zhou, 2020, SAFE: Similarity-aware multi-modal fake news detection, 354