HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Tehran, Iran
Tóm tắt
To date, no study has looked at the prevalence of HIV and the high-risk behaviors among transgender women in Iran. Between May 2013 and February 2014, 104 transgender women were recruited for participation in this study. Inclusion criteria consisted of having an official letter from the Tehran Psychiatric Institute, or a well-known psychiatrist, that showed a diagnosis of gender dysphoria and/or completed Gender-Affirming Surgery at least 6 months prior to this study. Of the 104 participants, 2 were diagnosed with HIV, which translates to a HIV prevalence of 1.9%. Condom use with a non-paying partner, casual partner, and paying partner was respectively 39.7%, 34.6%, and 53.3%. A high percentage of transgender women in Tehran engage in high-risk sexual behaviors including condomless receptive anal sex, which is of particular concern given the low rates of HIV testing. Targeted public intervention programs and research are desperately needed for this high-risk group.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Najmabadi A. Professing selves: transsexuality and same-sex desire in contemporary Iran. Durham: Duke University Press; 2014. p. 418.
Terman R. Transition in Iran. World Policy J. 2014;31(1):28–38.
Masoud A-A, Amir-Hossein J, Kaveh A, Morteza N, Mojgan T, Khadijeh M-O, et al. The epidemiology of transsexualism in Iran. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health. 2010;15(1):83–93.
Tait, R.: Sex change funding undermines no gays claim. the Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/sep/26/iran.gender (2007). Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
Iran’s “diagnosed transsexuals.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7259057.stm (2008). Accessed 03 Apr 2018.
Shayestehkhou S, Moshtagh Bidokhti N, Eftekhar M, Mehrabi F. T01-O-17 Family environment of homosexual and transsexuals in Iran. Sexologies. 2008;1(17):S55–6.
Herbst JH, Jacobs ED, Finlayson TJ, McKleroy VS, Neumann MS, Crepaz N. Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(1):1–17.
Baral SD, Poteat T, Strömdahl S, Wirtz AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(3):214–22.
International Advisory Panel on HIV Care Continuum Optimization. IAPAC guidelines for optimizing the HIV care continuum for adults and adolescents. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2015;14(Suppl 1):S3–34.
Jazi, G.A., Eftekhar, M., Mobasher, P., Tehrani, S.S., Ahmadi, K., Fahim, M.R.: Surveying the attitudes of transsexual patients referring to Tehran Institute of Psychiatry toward doctors’ empathy, Iran, 2011–2012. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2016;8. http://jmehm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmehm/article/view/139 (2016). Accessed 12 Apr 2016.
Hedjazi A, Zarenezhad M, Hoseinzadeh A, Hassanzadeh R, Hosseini SMV. Socio-demographic characteristics of transsexuals referred to the forensic medicine center in southwest of Iran. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(3):224–7.
Leylabadlo HE, Baghi HB, Fallahi L, Kafil HS. From sharing needles to unprotected sex: a new wave of HIV infections in Iran? Lancet HIV. 2016;3(10):e461–2.
Floor WM. A social history of sexual relations in Iran. Washington, DC: Mage; 2008. p. 459.
Lancet T. HIV in Iran. The Lancet. 2013;382(9909):1958.
Islamic Republic of Iran. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/islamicrepublicofiran (2018). Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
Dreher PC, Edwards D, Hager S, Dennis M, Belkoff A, Mora J, et al. Complications of the neovagina in male-to-female transgender surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with discussion of management. Clin Anat. 2018;31(2):191–9.
Moayedi-Nia S, Jozani ZB, Djavid GE, Entekhabi F, Bayanolhagh S, Saatian M, et al. HIV, HCV, HBV, HSV, and syphilis prevalence among female sex workers in Tehran, Iran, by using respondent-driven sampling. AIDS Care. 2015;28(4):1–4.
Jalali AH, Alavi K, Pakdel S, Asl A, Masoud Eftekhar M. Knowledge and attitude toward AIDS in patients with gender identity disorder presenting to Tehran Psychiatric Institute. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2011;17(3):256–61.
Moshtagh Bidokhti N, Shayesteh Khoo SH, Eftekhar M, Ardebili Mehrabi F. T12-O-04 strategies of discussing AIDS and their relation to anxiety about AIDS among sexual minorities in Iran. Sexologies. 2008;17:S162.
UNAIDS Strategy 2016–2021. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2015/UNAIDS_PCB37_15-18. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.