Natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection: Dichotomous effects of viremia on inhibitory and activating receptors and their functional correlates

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 100 Số 25 - Trang 15011-15016 - 2003
Domenico Mavilio1, Janet Benjamin1, Marybeth Daucher1, Gabriella Lombardo1, Shyam Kottilil1, Marie A. Planta1, Emanuela Marcenaro1, Cristina Bottino1, Lorenzo Moretta1, Alessandro Moretta1, Anthony S. Fauci1
1Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16147 Genoa, Italy; and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, 16132 Genoa, Italy

Tóm tắt

Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in host defense against various pathogens. Functional defects of NK cells in HIV-1 infection as a direct effect of abnormal expression or function of inhibitory NK receptors (iNKRs), activating natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), and NKG2D have not yet been described. This study demonstrates an expansion of the functionally defective CD56-/CD16+population of NK cells in viremic versus aviremic patients. We also demonstrate that in HIV-infected viremic patients, expression of iNKRs was well conserved and that in most cases, there was a trend toward increased expression on NK cells as compared with healthy donors. It was also demonstrated that the major activating NK receptors, with the exception of NKG2D, were significantly down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of iNKRs and activating receptors in HIV-infected individuals whose viremia was suppressed to below detectable levels by highly active antiretroviral therapy for 2 years or longer was comparable to that of healthy donors. Functional tests confirmed that the abnormal expression of the activating receptors and of iNKRs was associated with a markedly impaired NK cytolytic function. This phenomenon is not attributed to a direct HIV-1 infection of NK cells; thus, this study may provide insight into the mechanisms of impaired host defenses in HIV-1 viremic patients.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 100 Số 25

15011-15016

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