Land use trade-offs associated with protected areas in China: Current state, existing evaluation methods, and future application of ecosystem service valuation

Science of The Total Environment - Tập 711 - Trang 134688 - 2020
Haojie Chen1
1Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ament, 2017, Cultural ecosystem services in protected areas: understanding bundles, trade-Offs, and synergies, Conserv. Lett., 10, 440, 10.1111/conl.12283

Arowolo, 2018, Assessing changes in the value of ecosystem services in response to land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nigeria, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 597, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.277

Baker, 2013, Ecosystem services in environmental assessment - help or hindrance?, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 40, 3, 10.1016/j.eiar.2012.11.004

Balmford, 2002, Economic reasons for conserving wild nature, Sci., 297, 950, 10.1126/science.1073947

Bateman, 2002

Bennett, 2009, Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services, Ecol. Lett., 12, 1394, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01387.x

Bingham, 1995, Issues in ecosystem valuation: improving information for decision making, Ecol. Econ., 14, 73, 10.1016/0921-8009(95)00021-Z

Bo, 2015, Conserving biodiversity is a strategic choice for China’s development: the current situation and development direction of China’s biodiversity conservation, Environ. Prot., 5, 16

Boumans, 2002, Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem services using the GUMBO model, Ecol. Econ., 41, 529, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00098-8

Brandon, K., Bruner, A., 2008. Local benefits of protected areas: perspectives and experiences of conservation international, in: the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat (Eds.), Protected Areas in Today’s World: Their Values and Benefits for the Welfare of the Planet. Technical Series no. 36, Montreal, Canada, pp. 29–36.

Butsic, 2015, Conservation and conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the impacts of warfare, mining, and protected areas on deforestation, Biol. Conserv., 191, 266, 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.037

Castaño-Isaza, 2015, Valuing beaches to develop payment for ecosystem services schemes in Colombia’s Seaflower marine protected area, Ecosyst. Serv., 11, 22, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.10.003

Castree, 2003, Commodifying what nature?, Prog. Hum. Geogr., 27, 273, 10.1191/0309132503ph428oa

CBD, 2004

CBD, 2013

CBD, 2018

CBD, 2018

Chan, 2011, Cultural services and non-use values, 206

Chan, 2012, Where are cultural and social in ecosystem services? A framework for constructive engagement, BioSci., 62, 744, 10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.7

Chan, 2012, Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values, Ecol. Econ., 74, 8, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.11.011

Chang, 2018, Environmental impact assessment follow-up for projects in China: Institution and practice, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 73, 7, 10.1016/j.eiar.2018.06.005

Chen, 2019, The spatial association of ecosystem services with land use and land cover change at the county level in China, 1995–2015, Sci. Total Environ., 669, 459, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.139

Chen, 2017, Accounting for ecosystem services in compensating for the costs of effective conservation in protected areas, Biol. Conserv., 215, 233, 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.09.013

Chen, 2010, Using cost-effective targeting to enhance the efficiency of conservation investments in payments for ecosystem services, Conserv. Biol., 24, 1469, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01551.x

Chinese State Council

Conner, N., 2018. China hopes Giant Panda park three times the size of Yellowstone will boost wild breeding. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/08/china-hopes-giant-panda-park-three-times-size-yellowstone-will/ (accessed 24 January 2019).

Coria, 2012, Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: the good, the bad, and the ugly, Ecol. Econ., 73, 47, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.10.024

Costanza, 1997, The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital, Nat., 387, 253, 10.1038/387253a0

Costanza, 2014, Changes in the global value of ecosystem services, Glob. Environ. Change, 26, 152, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002

Costanza, 2017, Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go?, Ecosyst. Serv., 28, 1, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008

Costanza, 2011, Valuing ecological systems and services. F1000 Biol, Rep., 3, 1

Costanza, 2012, The authorship structure of ‘ecosystem services’ as a transdisciplinary field of scholarship, Ecosyst. Serv., 1, 16, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.06.002

Costanza, 2014, Ecosystem services and environmental governance: comparing China and the US, Asia Pac. Policy Stud., 1, 1, 10.1002/app5.16

Daniel, 2012, Contributions of cultural services to the ecosystem services agenda, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 8812, 10.1073/pnas.1114773109

de Groot, 2012, Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units, Ecosyst. Serv., 1, 50, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.005

Dietz, 2005, Environmental values, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 30, 335, 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144444

Durán, 2013, Global spatial coincidence between protected areas and metal mining activities, Biol. Conserv., 160, 272, 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.02.003

Emerton, L., 2005. Values and Rewards: Counting and Capturing Ecosystem Water Services for Sustainable Development. IUCN Water, Nature and Economics Technical Paper No. 1, The World Conservation Union, Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group Asia, Colombo.

Fan, 2019, Effects and relationships of grazing intensity on multiple ecosystem services in the Inner Mongolian steppe, Sci. Total Environ., 675, 642, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.279

Faber, 2019, Priorities and opportunities in the application of the ecosystem services concept in risk assessment for chemicals in the environment, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 1067, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.209

Farber, 2006, Linking ecology and economics for ecosystem management, AIBS Bull., 56, 121

Fischer, 2015, Environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment research in the UK, J. Environ. Assess. Policy Manag., 17, 1550016, 10.1142/S1464333215500167

Fish, 2016, Conceptualizing cultural ecosystem services: a novel framework for research and critical engagement, Ecosyst. Serv., 21, 208, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.09.002

Gao, 2019, How China will protect one-quarter of its land, Nat., 569, 457, 10.1038/d41586-019-01563-2

General Office of the State Council, 2017, Master Plan of establishing a national park system, Biodivers., 10, 7

Gómez-Baggethun, 2011, Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 35, 613, 10.1177/0309133311421708

Gregory, 2012

He, 2018, Identification and assessment of ecosystem services for protected area planning: a case in rural communities of Wuyishan National Park pilot, Ecosyst. Serv., 31, 169, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.04.001

He, 2018, Taking an ecosystem service approach for a new national park system in China, Resources. Conserv. Recycl., 137, 136, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.030

Hernández-Blanco, 2018, Natural capital and ecosystem services

Hernández-Morcillo, 2013, An empirical review of cultural ecosystem service indicators, Ecol. Indic., 29, 434, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.013

Hirons, 2016, Valuing cultural ecosystem services, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 41, 545, 10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085831

Honrado, 2013, Can we infer about ecosystem services from EIA and SEA practice? A framework for analysis and examples from Portugal, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 40, 14, 10.1016/j.eiar.2012.12.002

Hummel, 2019, Protected area management: fusion and confusion with the ecosystem services approach, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 2432, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.033

Hunan Provincial Bureau of Housing and Unburn-Rural Development, 2003. Report of Experts’ Argumentation on the Sightseeing Elevator with Four Doors Encircled by Flowing Water in Wulingyuan Scenic Area.

Hutcheson, 2018, Valuing environmental education as a cultural ecosystem service at Hudson River Park, Ecosyst. Serv., 31, 387, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.03.005

IAIA, Iea, Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice 1999 International Association for Impact Assessment and Institute of Environmental Assessment Press Fargo, USA

IUCN, 2008. Protected areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about (accessed 15 August 2018).

Jiang, M., 2016. China’s protected areas are comprehensively reformed into national parks. Beijing Business Today. http://www.bbtnews.com.cn/2016/0811/157624.shtml (accessed 17 March 2019).

Jiang, 2017, Ecosystem services research in China: a critical review, Ecosyst. Serv., 26, 10, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.012

Juffe-Bignoli, 2014

Kang, 2018, Linking ecosystem services and ecosystem health to ecological risk assessment: a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 1442, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.427

Karjalainen, 2013, Integrating ecosystem services into environmental impact assessment: an analytic–deliberative approach, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 40, 54, 10.1016/j.eiar.2012.12.001

Kram, 2012

Kubiszewski, 2013, An initial estimate of the value of ecosystem services in Bhutan, Ecosyst. Serv., 3, e11, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.11.004

Lai, 2015, Accounting for eco-compensation in the three-river headwaters region based on ecosystem service value, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 227

Li, H 2018, Push green development and ecological civilization establishment in a new era. Chinese Communist Party News. http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0604/c40531-30032752.html (accessed 11 September 2018).

Li, 2016, Streamlining China's Protected Areas. Sci., 351

Lin, 2018, Spatial trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services within a global biodiversity hotspot, Ecol. Indic., 84, 371, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.007

Liu, 2008, Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 105, 9477, 10.1073/pnas.0706436105

Liu, 2017, China established over 40 marine PAs in last 5 years, People’s Daily

Liu, 2010, Valuing ecosystem services, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1185, 54, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05167.x

Liu, 2010, Valuing New Jersey’s ecosystem services and natural capital: a spatially explicit benefit transfer approach, Environ. Manag., 45, 1271, 10.1007/s00267-010-9483-5

Liu, 2016, Evolution of tourism in a flagship protected area of China, J. Sustain. Tour., 24, 203, 10.1080/09669582.2015.1071380

Long, 2012, There should be a unified governing system over protected areas, Green Leaves, 4, 25

Ma, 2013, Contextualization of national parks in the nature conservation scheme in China: a case study of Pudacuo National Park in Yunnan Province, Environ. Pract., 15, 293, 10.1017/S1466046613000203

MacBean, 2007, China’s environment: problems and policies, World Econ., 30, 292, 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00883.x

Mansourian, S., Higgins-Zogib, L., Dudley, N., Stolton, S., 2008. Poverty and protected areas, in: the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat (Eds.), Protected Areas in Today’s World: Their Values and Benefits for the Welfare of the Planet. Technical Series no. 36, Montreal, Canada, pp.18-28.

Martín-López, 2011, The conservation against development paradigm in protected areas: valuation of ecosystem services in the Doñana social–ecological system (southwestern Spain), Ecol. Econ., 70, 1481, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.009

McCauley, 2006, Selling out on nature, Nat., 443, 27, 10.1038/443027a

Milcu, 2013, Cultural ecosystem services: a literature review and prospects for future research, Ecol. Soc., 18, 44, 10.5751/ES-05790-180344

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005

Miyaluo Nature Reserve Administration Bureau Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the Ecotourism Development (2015–2025) Proposal of the Bipeng Valley Experimental Zone in the Miyaluo Nature Reserve http://www.ablixian.gov.cn/jryw_27346/gsgg/201903/t20190304_1386679.html 2017 accessed 14 December, 2018

National Development and Reform Commission National Development and Reform Commission’s Answers to Reporters’ Requests regarding the Master Plan of Establishing a National Park System http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-09/27/content_5227895.htm 2017 accessed 11 September 2018

National People’s Congress Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People’s Republic of China http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2019-01/07/content_2070264.htm 2018 accessed 18 March 2019

Ninan, 2013, Valuing forest ecosystem services: case study of a forest reserve in Japan, Ecosyst. Serv., 5, 78, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.02.006

Ninan, 2016, Valuing forest ecosystem services and disservices–case study of a protected area in India, Ecosyst. Serv., 20, 1, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.05.001

Noss, 2012, Bolder thinking for conservation, Conserv. Biol., 26, 1, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01738.x

OECD, 2008. Strategic Environmental Assessment and Ecosystem Services. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/environment/environment-development/41882953.pdf (accessed 7 June 2019).

Oldekop, 2016, A global assessment of the social and conservation outcomes of protected areas, Conserv. Biol., 30, 133, 10.1111/cobi.12568

Olson, 2009

Ouyang, 2016, Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital, Sci., 352, 1455, 10.1126/science.aaf2295

Pabon-Zamora, 2008, Valuing nature: assessing protected area benefits, Nature Conserv.

Pan, 2006, Ecological civilization is the foundation of the social civilization system, China Natl. Cond. Strength., 1

Papageorgiou, 1999, A management planning framework based on ecological, perceptual and economic carrying capacity: the case study of Vikos-Aoos National Park, Greece. J. Environ. Manag., 56, 271, 10.1006/jema.1999.0285

Pascual, 2010, The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity, 184

Qiao, 2019, Temporal variation and spatial scale dependency of the trade-offs and synergies among multiple ecosystem services in the Taihu Lake Basin of China, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 218, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.135

Reuchlin-Hugenholtz, 2015

Robertson, 2004, The neoliberalization of ecosystem services: wetland mitigation banking and problems in environmental governance, Geoforum, 35, 361, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.06.002

Rosa, 2015, Is the ecosystem service concept improving impact assessment? Evidence from recent international practice, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 50, 134, 10.1016/j.eiar.2014.09.006

Ruoergai Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Bureau

Santini, 2016, Connectivity of the global network of protected areas, Divers. Distrib., 22, 199, 10.1111/ddi.12390

Sanya Department of Ocean and Fishery

Satz, 2013, The challenges of incorporating cultural ecosystem services into environmental assessment, Ambio, 42, 675, 10.1007/s13280-013-0386-6

Scherl, L.M., Emerton, L., 2008. Protected areas and poverty reduction, in: the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat (Eds.), Protected Areas in Today’s World: Their Values and Benefits for the Welfare of the Planet. Technical Series no. 36, Montreal, Canada, pp.4-17.

Spalding, 2012, Pelagic provinces of the world: a biogeographic classification of the world’s surface pelagic waters, Ocean Coast. Manag., 60, 19, 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.12.016

Spalding, 2007, Marine ecoregions of the world: a bio-regionalization of coastal and shelf areas, AIBS Bull., 57, 573

Spash, 2007, Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV): issues in combining economic and political processes to value environmental change, Ecol. Econ., 63, 690, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.014

Stosch, 2019, Quantifying stakeholder understanding of an ecosystem service trade-off, Sci. Total Environ., 651, 2524, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.090

Tacconi, 2012, Redefining payments for environmental services, Ecol. Econ., 73, 29, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.09.028

Tang, F., 2019. National parks and nature reserves: ‘bothers’ who performs its own functions. National Park Administration Bureau. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/72/20181229/151129387678852.html (accessed 10 March 2019).

Tang, 2018, The analysis of establishing the protected area system dominated by national parks, For. Constr., 1

Tang, 2017, Developing a nature protected area system composed mainly of national parks, For. Resour. Manag.

Teoh, 2019, A global meta-analysis of the economic values of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services, Sci. Total Environ., 649, 1293, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.422

The 18th NCCPC, 2012. Firmly March on the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive to Complete the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/18th_CPC_National_Congress_Eng/t992917.htm (accessed 7 March 2019).

The 19th NCCPC, 2017. Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. National Congress of the Communist Party of China. http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/19cpcnc/2017-10/27/c_1121867529.htm (accessed 6 February 2019).

Turner, 2016, A review of methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration, Ecol. Model., 319, 190, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.017

UNEP, 2017

UNDP, 2017, Payments for ecosystem services, United Nations Development Programme

UNEP-WCMC, 2019a. Protected area profile for China from the world database of protected areas. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Center. https://protectedplanet.net/country/CHN#ref1 (accessed 29 March 2019).

UNEP-WCMC, 2019b. Protected planet. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Center. https://protectedplanet.net/ (accessed 29 March 2019).

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN, 2016. Protected Planet Report 2016. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Center and International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland.

Van Beukering, 2003, Economic valuation of the Leuser National Park on Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecol. Econ., 44, 43, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00224-0

Wang, B., 2018. Beijing is implementing inspection on natural protected areas. Beijing Youth. http://www.sohu.com/a/247211216_255783 (accessed 12 September 2018).

Wang, 2012, National park development in China: conservation or commercialization?, Ambio, 41, 247, 10.1007/s13280-011-0194-9

Wang, 2018, The role of human activity in decreasing ecologically sound land use in China, Land Degrad. Dev., 29, 446, 10.1002/ldr.2874

Wang, 2019, Spatial imbalance and changes in supply and demand of ecosystem services in China, Sci. Total Environ., 657, 781, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.080

Watson, 2014, The performance and potential of protected areas, Nat., 515, 67, 10.1038/nature13947

Watson, 2011

Wei, 2018, The value of ecosystem services from Giant Panda Reserves, Curr. biol., 28, 2174, 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.046

West, 2006, Parks and peoples: the social impact of protected areas, Annu. Rev. Anthropol., 35, 251, 10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123308

WMNR Administrative Bureau

Wilson, 2002, Discourse-based valuation of ecosystem services: establishing fair outcomes through group deliberation, Ecol. Econ., 41, 431, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00092-7

World Bank, 2010. Valuing Protected Areas. Washington, D.C.

World Bank Ending poverty in China: lessons for other countries and the challenges still ahead http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/ending-poverty-in-china-lessons-for-other-countries-and-challenges-still-ahead 2016 accessed 10 September 2018

Wu, 2018, Value capture in protected areas from the perspective of common-pool resource governance: a case study of Jiuzhai Valley National Park, China, Land Use Policy, 79, 452, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.08.047

Wu, 2000, Study on sustainable forest park development in Hunan Province, For. Resour. Manag., 5, 38

Wunder, S., 2005. Payments for environmental services: some nuts and bolts. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 42. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/66932 (accessed 10 October 2018).

Xie G., Zhang C., Zhang C., Xiao Y., Lu C., 2015. The value of ecosystem services in China, Resour. Sci. 37, 1740-1746. 1007-7588(2015)09-1740-07.

Xie, 2001, Ecosystem service value of China’s natural grasslands, J. Nat. Resour., 16, 47

Xiong, 2010, Eco-compensation effects of the wetland recovery in Dongting Lake area, J. Geogr. Sci., 20, 389, 10.1007/s11442-010-0389-1

Xu, 2014, Diversity and complexity in the forms and functions of protected areas in China, J. Int. Wildl. Law Policy., 17, 102, 10.1080/13880292.2014.953378

Xu, 2017, Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 114, 1601, 10.1073/pnas.1620503114

Ye, 2016, Ecosystem service value for the common reed wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China. Open J. Ecol., 6, 129, 10.4236/oje.2016.63013

Ye, 2008

Yi, 2014, Developing indicators of economic value and biodiversity loss for rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna, southwest China: A case study from Menglun township, Ecol. Indic., 36, 788, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.016

Yunnan Forestry Bureau

Zhang, 2018, Strengthening protected areas for giant panda habitat and ecosystem services, Biol. Conserv., 227, 1, 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.08.016

Zhang, L., 2018. How to design China’s PA system. Guangming Daily. http://news.gmw.cn/2018-09/04/content_30963473.htm (accessed 5 September 2018).

Zhang, 2017, Biodiversity conservation status in China's growing protected areas, Biol. Conserv., 210, 89, 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.005

Zhang, 2013, Ecosystem service values of wetlands of the National Wetland Park of Wu River, northern China, For. Chron., 89, 147, 10.5558/tfc2013-031

Zhang, 2012, Investigation on community eco-compensation of Potatso National Park, Issues For. Econ., 32, 301

Zhou, 2004, The urbanization of national parks and its countermeasures, Urb. Planning Forum., 1, 57

Zhou, 2011, National parks in China: experiments with protecting nature and human livelihoods in Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China, Biol. Conserv., 144, 1314, 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.002

Zinda, 2012, Hazards of collaboration: local state co-optation of a new protected area model in Southwest China, Soc. Nat. Resour., 25, 384, 10.1080/08941920.2011.557826

Zinda, 2014, Making national parks in Yunnan: shifts and struggles within the ecological state, 105

Zinda, 2017, Tourism dynamos: Selective commodification and developmental conservation in China’s protected areas, Geoforum, 78, 141, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.08.004

Zorrilla-Miras, 2014, Effects of land-use change on wetland ecosystem services: a case study in the Doñana marshes (SW Spain), Landsc. Urb. Planning., 122, 160, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.09.013