Binder-free supercapacitor electrodes: Optimization of monolithic graphitized carbons by reflux acid treatment

Slesinski, 2018, Chapter six - new trends in electrochemical capacitors, 247, 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.05.003 Zhang, 2009, Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 2520, 10.1039/b813846j Raza, 2018, Recent advancements in supercapacitor technology, Nano Energy, 52, 441, 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.08.013 Song, 2018, Three-dimensional carbon architectures for electrochemical capacitors, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 509, 529, 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.081 Miller, 2018, Materials for energy storage: review of electrode materials and methods of increasing capacitance for supercapacitors, J. Energy Storage, 20, 30, 10.1016/j.est.2018.08.009 Lin, 2018, Materials for supercapacitors: when Li-ion battery power is not enough, Mater. Today, 21, 419, 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.01.035 Zu, 2016, Nanocellulose-derived highly porous carbon aerogels for supercapacitors, Carbon, 99, 203, 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.079 Zhao, 2018, Rose-derived 3D carbon nanosheets for high cyclability and extended voltage supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 291, 287, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.136 Pohl, 2017, Novel sol-gel synthesis route of carbide-derived carbon composites for very high power density supercapacitors, Chem. Eng. J., 320, 576, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.081 Li, 2019, A N, S dual doping strategy via electrospinning to prepare hierarchically porous carbon polyhedra embedded carbon nanofibers for flexible supercapacitors, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 9040, 10.1039/C8TA12246F Li, 2018, Micro-/mesoporous carbon nanofibers embedded with ordered carbon for flexible supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 271, 591, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.199 Xu, 2016, Hierarchical hybrids with microporous carbon spheres decorated three-dimensional graphene frameworks for capacitive applications in supercapacitor and deionization, Electrochim. Acta, 193, 88, 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.049 Nizamuddin, 2015, Synthesis and characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 93, 1916, 10.1002/cjce.22293 Gutiérrez-Pardo, 2015, Effect of catalytic graphitization on the electrochemical behavior of wood derived carbons for use in supercapacitors, J. Power Sources, 278, 18, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.030 Wang, 2018, Wood-derived hierarchically porous electrodes for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors, Adv. Funct. Mater., 28, 10.1002/adfm.201806207 Caguiat, 2018, Dependence of supercapacitor performance on macro-structure of monolithic biochar electrodes, Biomass Bioenergy, 118, 126, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.08.017 Liu, 2012, Porous wood carbon monolith for high-performance supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 60, 443, 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.100 Smithyman, 2012, Binder-free composite electrodes using carbon nanotube networks as a host matrix for activated carbon microparticles, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., 107, 723, 10.1007/s00339-012-6790-0 Fromm, 2018, Carbons from biomass precursors as anode materials for lithium ion batteries: new insights into carbonization and graphitization behavior and into their correlation to electrochemical performance, Carbon, 128, 147, 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.065 Pappacena, 2009, Effect of pyrolyzation temperature on wood-derived carbon and silicon carbide, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 29, 3069, 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.04.040 Orlova, 2018, Environmentally friendly monolithic highly-porous biocarbons as binder-free supercapacitor electrodes, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 55, 50, 10.1515/rams-2018-0027 Gutiérrez-Pardo, 2014, Characterization of porous graphitic monoliths from pyrolyzed wood, J. Mater. Sci., 49, 7688, 10.1007/s10853-014-8477-8 Thompson, 2015, Iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass, Green Chem., 17, 551, 10.1039/C4GC01673D Liu, 2013, Highly porous graphitic materials prepared by catalytic graphitization, Carbon, 64, 132, 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.044 Popov, 2017, Features of electrical properties of BE-C(Fe) biocarbons carbonized in the presence of an Fe-containing catalyst, Phys. Solid State, 59, 703, 10.1134/S1063783417040205 Orlova, 2016, Microstructure, elastic, and inelastic properties of biomorphic carbons carbonized using a Fe-containing catalyst, Phys. Solid State, 58, 2481, 10.1134/S1063783416120234 Ma, 2018, Synthesis of mesoporous ribbon-shaped graphitic carbon nanofibers with superior performance as efficient supercapacitor electrodes, Electrochim. Acta, 292, 364, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.135 Johnson, 2011, Catalytic graphitization of three-dimensional wood-derived porous scaffolds, J. Mater. Res., 26, 18, 10.1557/jmr.2010.88 Abdelwahab, 2018, Insight of the effect of graphitic cluster in the performance of carbon aerogels doped with nickel as electrodes for supercapacitors, Carbon, 139, 888, 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.07.034 Thines, 2017, Effect of process parameters for production of microporous magnetic biochar derived from agriculture waste biomass, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 253, 29, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.06.031 Mubarak, 2014, Synthesis of palm oil empty fruit bunch magnetic pyrolytic char impregnating with FeCl3 by microwave heating technique, Biomass Bioenergy, 61, 265, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.12.021 Mubarak, 2016, Plam oil empty fruit bunch based magnetic biochar composite comparison for synthesis by microwave-assisted and conventional heating, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 120, 521, 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.06.026 Siddiqui, 2018, Synthesis of magnetic carbon nanocomposites by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis, Environ. Chem. Lett., 16, 821, 10.1007/s10311-018-0724-9 Thines, 2016, A new route of magnetic biochar based polyaniline composites for supercapacitor electrode materials, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 121, 240, 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.08.004 Thines, 2017, In-situ polymerization of magnetic biochar – polypyrrole composite: a novel application in supercapacitor, Biomass Bioenergy, 98, 95, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.01.019 Hu, 2003, Nitric acid purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 13838, 10.1021/jp035719i Edwards, 2011, Evaluation of residual iron in carbon nanotubes purified by acid treatments, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, 641, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.07.032 Zhang, 2012, Spherical structures composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: formation mechanism and catalytic performance, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51, 7581, 10.1002/anie.201200969 Hamilton, 2013, Purification and sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and resulting bioactivity in two macrophage models, Inhal. Toxicol., 25, 199, 10.3109/08958378.2013.775197 Yu, 2004, Purification of CVD synthesized single-wall carbon nanotubes by different acid oxidation treatments, Nanotechnology, 15, 1645, 10.1088/0957-4484/15/11/047 Aitchison, 2007, Purification, cutting, and sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using potassium permanganate solutions, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 2440, 10.1021/jp066541d Park, 2006, Purification strategies and purity visualization techniques for single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 141, 10.1039/B510858F Harutyunyan, 2002, Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes by selective microwave heating of catalyst particles, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 8671, 10.1021/jp0260301 Avilés, 2009, Evaluation of mild acid oxidation treatments for MWCNT functionalization, Carbon, 47, 2970, 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.06.044 Clancy, 2016, Systematic comparison of conventional and reductive single-walled carbon nanotube purifications, Carbon, 108, 423, 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.07.034 He, 2018, Capacitive mechanism of oxygen functional groups on carbon surface in supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 282, 618, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.103 Jun, 2018, Comparative study of acid functionalization of carbon nanotube via ultrasonic and reflux mechanism, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 5889, 10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.008 Cuña, 2016, Nitric acid functionalization of carbon monoliths for supercapacitors: effect on the electrochemical properties, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 41, 12127, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.169 Sevilla, 2008, Solid-phase synthesis of graphitic carbon nanostructures from iron and cobalt gluconates and their utilization as electrocatalyst supports, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 1433, 10.1039/b714924g Greil, 1998, Biomorphic cellular silicon carbide ceramics from wood: I. Processing and microstructure, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, 1961, 10.1016/S0955-2219(98)00156-3 Sevilla, 2013, Fabrication of porous carbon monoliths with a graphitic framework, Carbon, 56, 155, 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.090 Ramirez-Rico, 2016, Thermal conductivity of Fe graphitized wood derived carbon, Mater. Des., 99, 528, 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.070 Glatzel, 2013, From paper to structured carbon electrodes by inkjet printing, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52, 2355, 10.1002/anie.201207693 Sadezky, 2005, Raman microspectroscopy of soot and related carbonaceous materials: spectral analysis and structural information, Carbon, 43, 1731, 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.02.018 Mao, 2012, Lithium storage in nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon materials, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 7950, 10.1039/c2ee21817h Fujii, 1999, In situ XPS analysis of various iron oxide films grown by ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy, Phys. Rev. B, 59, 3195, 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.3195 Gomez-Martin, 2018, Iron-catalyzed graphitic carbon materials from biomass resources as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, ChemSusChem, 11, 2776, 10.1002/cssc.201800831 Balandin, 2011, Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials, Nat. Mater., 10, 569, 10.1038/nmat3064 Hou, 2017, Green reduction of graphene oxide via Lycium barbarum extract, J. Solid State Chem., 246, 351, 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.12.008 Zhao, 2015, Graphene-nanodiamond heterostructures and their application to high current devices, Sci. Rep., 5 Huang, 2018, Phosphorus, nitrogen and oxygen co-doped polymer-based core-shell carbon sphere for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 270, 339, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.115 Zhu, 2019, One-step preparation of N,O co-doped 3D hierarchically porous carbon derived from soybean dregs for high-performance supercapacitors, RSC Adv., 9, 17308, 10.1039/C9RA02184A An, 2019, Surface functionalization of nitrogen-doped carbon derived from protein as anode material for lithium storage, Appl. Surf. Sci., 463, 18, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.201 Cheng, 2018, Supermolecule polymerization derived porous nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta, 292, 20, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.092 Augustyn, 2014, Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 1597, 10.1039/c3ee44164d Wang, 2019, Hollow carbon spheres with artificial surface openings as highly effective supercapacitor electrodes, Electrochim. Acta, 298, 552, 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.070 Lei, 2013, Reduction of porous carbon/Al contact resistance for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), Electrochim. Acta, 92, 183, 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.092 Bisquert, 2000, Doubling exponent models for the analysis of porous film electrodes by impedance. Relaxation of TiO2 nanoporous in aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 2287, 10.1021/jp993148h