Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification

Biological Conservation - Tập 151 Số 1 - Trang 53-59 - 2012
Teja Tscharntke1, Yann Clough1, Thomas Cherico Wanger2,3, Louise Jackson4, Iris Motzke1,3, Ivette Perfecto5, John Vandermeer6, Anthony Whitbread7
1Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
2Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, CA 94305-5020, USA
3Ecosystem Functions, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
4Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
5School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
6Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
7Crop Production Systems in the Tropics, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams, 2004, Biodiversity conservation and the eradication of poverty, Science, 306, 1146, 10.1126/science.1097920

Allen, K., 2010. Hedge Funds Accused of Gambling with Lives of the Poorest as Food Prices Soar. The Guardian (19 July 2010). <http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jul/19/speculators-commodities-food-price-rises>.

Angelsen, 2010, Policies for reduced deforestation and their impact on agricultural production, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 19639, 10.1073/pnas.0912014107

Angelsen, 1999, Rethinking the causes of deforestation: lessons from economic models, World Bank Res. Obs., 14, 73, 10.1093/wbro/14.1.73

Badgley, 2007, Organic agriculture and the global food supply, Renew. Agric. Food Syst., 22, 86, 10.1017/S1742170507001640

Banwart, 2011, Save our soils, Nature, 474, 151, 10.1038/474151a

Barlow, 2007, Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 18555, 10.1073/pnas.0703333104

Barrett, 2009, Reconsidering conventional explanations of the inverse productivity-size relationship, World Dev., 38, 88, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.002

Baumgärtner, 2010, Managing increasing environmental risks through agrobiodiversity and agri-environmental policies, Agric. Econ., 41, 483, 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00460.x

Bengtsson, 2005, The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis, J. Appl. Ecol., 42, 261, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x

Bianchi, 2006, Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes: a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 273, 1715, 10.1098/rspb.2006.3530

Blitzer, 2012, Spillover of functionally important organisms between managed and natural habitats, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 146, 34, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.09.005

Brittain, 2011, The potential impacts of insecticides on the life-history traits of bees and the consequences of pollination, Basic Appl. Ecol., 12, 321, 10.1016/j.baae.2010.12.004

Brodt, 2009, Factors affecting adoption of hedgerows and other biodiversity-enhancing features on farms in California, USA, Agroforest. Syst., 76, 195, 10.1007/s10457-008-9168-8

Chappell, 2011, Food security and biodiversity: can we have both?, Agric. Hum. Values, 28, 3, 10.1007/s10460-009-9251-4

Chazdon, 2009, Beyond reserves: a research agenda for conserving biodiversity in tropical human-modified landscapes, Biotropica, 41, 142, 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00471.x

Clough, 2009, Cacao boom and bust: sustainability of agroforests and opportunities for biodiversity conservation, Conserv. Lett., 2, 197, 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00072.x

Clough, 2011, Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 8311, 10.1073/pnas.1016799108

Cook, 2007, The use of push–pull strategies in integrated pest management, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 52, 375, 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091407

Cornia, 1985, Farm size, land yields and the agricultural production function: an analysis for fifteen developing countries, World Dev., 13, 131, 10.1016/0305-750X(85)90054-3

Costamagna, 2006, Predators exert top-down control of soybean aphid across a gradient of agricultural management systems, Ecol. Appl., 16, 1619, 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1619:PETCOS]2.0.CO;2

Culman, 2010, Biodiversity and soil ecosystem functions over a landscape gradient of agricultural intensification in California, Landscape Ecol., 25, 1333, 10.1007/s10980-010-9511-0

De Fries, 2004, Land-use choices: balancing human needs and ecosystem functions, Front. Ecol. Environ., 2, 249, 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0249:LCBHNA]2.0.CO;2

De Schutter, O., 2011. Report on the Right to Food. UN Human Rights Council. <http://rs.resalliance.org/?p=4612>.

Dutcher, 2007, A review of resurgence and replacement causing pest outbreaks in IPM, 27

Eilers, 2011, Contribution of pollinator-mediated crops to nutrients in the human food supply, PLoS One, 6, e21363, 10.1371/journal.pone.0021363

Ericksen, 2008, Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research, Global Environ. Change, 18, 234, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.002

EU (European Commission), 2011. Our Life Insurance, our Natural Capital: An EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2010. Brussels, 3 May 2011. <http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/comm2006/pdf/2020/1_EN_ACT_part1_v7%5B1%5D.pdf>.

Ewers, 2009, Do increases in agricultural yield spare land for nature?, Global Change Biol., 15, 1716, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01849.x

FAO, 2006. World Agriculture: Towards 2030/2050 – Interim Report. Global Perspective Studies Unit, FAO, Rome, Italy.

FAO, 2011. The State of Food Insecurity of the World: How Does International Price Volatility Affect Domestic Economies and Food Security? FAO, WFP, IFAD, Rome, Italy.

Fischer, 2008, Should agricultural policies encourage land sparing or wildlife-friendly farming?, Front. Ecol. Environ., 6, 380, 10.1890/070019

Fischer, 2011, Conservation: limits of land sparing, Science, 334, 593, 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a

Foley, 2011, Solutions for a cultivated planet, Nature, 478, 337, 10.1038/nature10452

Gabriel, 2010, Scale matters: the impact of organic farming on biodiversity at different spatial scales, Ecol. Lett., 13, 858, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01481.x

Gallai, 2009, Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline, Ecol. Econ., 68, 810, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.014

Garibaldi, 2011, Global growth and stability of agricultural yield decrease with pollinator dependence, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 14, 5909, 10.1073/pnas.1012431108

Geiger, 2010, Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland, Basic Appl. Ecol., 11, 97, 10.1016/j.baae.2009.12.001

Gibbs, 2009, Human land use, agriculture, pesticides and losses of imperiled species, Divers. Distrib., 15, 242, 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00543.x

Godfray, 2010, Food security: the challenge of feeding 9billion people, Science, 327, 812, 10.1126/science.1185383

Green, 2005, Farming and the fate of wild nature, Science, 307, 550, 10.1126/science.1106049

Groeneveld, 2010, Experimental evidence for stronger cacao yield limitation by pollination than by plant resources, Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., 12, 183, 10.1016/j.ppees.2010.02.005

Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R., Meybeck A., 2011. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, causes and Prevention. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Halweil, 2006, Can organic farming feed the world?, World Watch, 19, 18

Hodgson, 2010, Comparing organic farming and land sparing: optimizing yield and butterfly populations at a landscape scale, Ecol. Lett., 13, 1358, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01528.x

Hoehn, 2008, Functional group diversity of bee pollinators increases crop yield, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 275, 2283, 10.1098/rspb.2008.0405

Horlings, L.G., Marsden, T.K., 2011. Towards the real green revolution? Exploring the conceptual dimensions of a new ecological modernization of agriculture that could ‘feed the world’. Global Environ. Change (published online).

IAASTD, 2009, International assessment of agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development: the synthesis report

Jackson, 2007, Utilizing and conserving agrobiodiversity in agricultural landscapes, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 121, 196, 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.017

Jackson, 2009, Managed ecosystems: biodiversity and ecosystem functions in landscapes modified by human use, 178

Kaufmann, J., 2011. How Goldman Sachs Created the Food Crisis. [email protected] (27 April 2011). <http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/27/how_goldman_sachs_created_the_food_crisis>.

Keating, 2010, Eco-efficient agriculture: conepts, challenges and opportunities, Crop Sci., 50, 109, 10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0594

Kleijn, 2009, On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 276, 903, 10.1098/rspb.2008.1509

Kleijn, 2011, Does conservation on farmland contribute to halting the biodiversity decline?, Trends Ecol. Evol., 26, 474, 10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.009

Klein, 2003, Fruit set of highland coffee depends on the diversity of pollinating bees, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 270, 955, 10.1098/rspb.2002.2306

Klein, 2007, Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 274, 303, 10.1098/rspb.2006.3721

Koh, 2011, Balancing societies’ priorities: an ecologist’s perspective on sustainable development, Basic Appl. Ecol., 12, 389, 10.1016/j.baae.2011.05.004

Koh, 2009, Designer landscapes for sustainable biofuels, Trends Ecol. Evol., 24, 431, 10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.012

La Via Campesina, 2010. Stop Land-grabbing now! <http://www.grain.org/o_files/wb-landgrab-2010-en.pdf>.

Letourneau, 2011, Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review, Ecol. Appl., 21, 9, 10.1890/09-2026.1

Lewis, 1997, A total system approach to sustainable pest management, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 12243, 10.1073/pnas.94.23.12243

Linnell, 2005, The linkage between conservation strategies for large carnivores and biodiversity: the view from the “half-full” forests of Europe, 381

Maas, 2009, Six years of habitat modification in a tropical rainforest margin of Indonesia do not affect bird diversity but endemic forest species, Biol. Conserv., 142, 2665, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.018

Meehan, 2011, Agricultural landscape simplification and insecticide use in the Midwestern United States, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.1100751108

Michalski, 2010, Rural property size drives patterns of upland and riparian forest retention in a tropical deforestation frontier, Global Environ. Change, 20, 705, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.010

OECD-FAO, 2011

Oerke, 2006, Crop losses to pests, J. Agric. Sci., 144, 31, 10.1017/S0021859605005708

Perfecto, 2010, The agroecological matrix as alternative to the land sparing/agriculture intensification model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 197, 5786, 10.1073/pnas.0905455107

Perfecto, 2005, Biodiversity, yield and shade coffee certification, Ecol. Econ., 54, 435, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.009

Perfecto, 2007, Shaded coffee and the stability of rainforest margins in northern Latin America, 227

Perfecto, 2009

Perrings, 2006, Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: saving natural capital without losing interest, Conserv. Biol., 20, 263, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00390.x

Phalan, 2011, Minimising harm to biodiversity of producing more food globally, Food Policy, 36, S62, 10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.008

Phalan, 2011, Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared, Science, 333, 1289, 10.1126/science.1208742

Porter-Bolland, 2012, Community managed forests and forest protected areas: an assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics, Forest Ecol. Manage., 268, 6, 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.034

Power, 2010, Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 365, 2959

Ratnadass, A., Fernandes, P., Avelino, J., Habibet, R., in press. Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review. Agron. Sust. Dev. doi: 10.1007/s13593-011-0022-4.

Ricketts, 2008, Landscape effects on crop pollination services: are there general patterns?, Ecol. Lett., 11, 499, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01157.x

Sachs, 2009, Biodiversity conservation and the millennium development goals, Science, 325, 1502, 10.1126/science.1175035

Schmidt, 2003, Relative importance of predators and parasitoids for cereal aphid control, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 270, 1905, 10.1098/rspb.2003.2469

Schulze, 2004, Biodiversity indicator groups of tropical land-use systems: comparing plants, birds, and insects, Ecol. Appl., 14, 1321, 10.1890/02-5409

Schwarze, 2007, Forest products and household incomes: evidence from rural households living in the rainforest margins of Central Sulawesi, 209

Settle, 1996, Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey, Ecology, 77, 1975, 10.2307/2265694

Sodhi, 2010

Soliva, 2010, Differences in preferences towards potential future landscapes in the Swiss Alps, Landscape Res., 35, 671, 10.1080/01426397.2010.519436

Steffan-Dewenter, 2007, Tradeoffs between income, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 4973, 10.1073/pnas.0608409104

Sutton, 2011

Thies, 1999, Landscape structure and biological control in agroecosystems, Science, 285, 893, 10.1126/science.285.5429.893

Thies, 2011, The relationship between agricultural intensification and biological control – experimental tests across Europe, Ecol. Appl., 21, 2187, 10.1890/10-0929.1

Tilman, 2001, Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change, Science, 292, 281, 10.1126/science.1057544

Tischler, W.,1980. Biologie der Kulturlandschaft. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.

Tscharntke, 2004, Plant–insect interactions in fragmented landscapes, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 49, 405, 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123339

Tscharntke, 2005, Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity–ecosystem service management, Ecol. Lett., 8, 857, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x

Tscharntke, 2007, Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale, Biol. Control, 43, 294, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.006

Tscharntke, 2007, Author sequence and credit for contributions in multiauthored publications, PLoS Biol., 5, 13, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050018

Tscharntke, 2011, Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes – a review, J. Appl. Ecol., 48, 619, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x

UN Millennium Project, 2005. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Overview. UN, New York.

Vandermeer, 2005, The future of farming and conservation, Science, 308, 1257, 10.1126/science.308.5726.1257b

Vandermeer, 2010, Ecological complexity and pest control in organic coffee production: uncovering an autonomous ecosystem service, BioScience, 60, 516, 10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.8

Vidal, J., 2010. Forced use of Biofuels could Hit Food Production, EU Warned. The Guardian. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/nov/09/more-biofuels-could-hit-fuel-production>.

Von Witzke, H., Noleppa, S., 2011. EU Agricultural Production and Trade: Can More Efficiency Prevent Increasing ‘Land-grabbing’ Outside Europe? OPERA Report. <http://www.opera-indicators.eu/assets/files/News/Final_Report_Humboldt_Opera.pdf>.

Wanger, 2010, Pesticides and tropical biodiversity, Front. Ecol. Environ., 8, 178, 10.1890/10.WB.015

Whittingham, 2011, The future of agri-environment schemes: biodiversity gains and ecosystem service delivery?, J. Appl. Ecol., 48, 509, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01987.x

Winfree, 2009, Are ecosystem services stabilized by differences among species? A test using crop pollination, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 276, 229, 10.1098/rspb.2008.0709

World Bank, 2007. World Development Report 2008. Agriculture for Development, Washington, DC.

World Bank Report, 2008. Policy Research Working Paper No. 4682.