Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals with aromatase CYP19 expression or activity, and consequences for reproduction of teleost fish

Abbott, 1999, Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 155, 62, 10.1006/taap.1998.8601 Abdelgadir, 1994, Androgens regulate aromatase cytochrome-P450 messenger ribonucleic acid in rat brain, Endocrinology, 135, 395, 10.1210/en.135.1.395 Abdelrahim, 2006, 3-Methylcholanthrene and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists directly activate estrogen receptor alpha, Cancer Res., 66, 2459, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3132 Abe-Dohmae, 1994, Cell type- and region-specific expression of aromatase mRNA in cultured brain cells, Mol. Brain Res., 24, 153, 10.1016/0169-328X(94)90127-9 Abinawanto, 1996, Effects of aromatase inhibitor on sex differentiation and levels of P450 (17alpha) and P450arom messenger ribonucleic acid of gonads in chicken embryos, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 102, 241, 10.1006/gcen.1996.0065 Abnet, 1999, Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 159, 41, 10.1006/taap.1999.8719 Acconcia, 2005, Palmitoylation-dependent estrogen receptor alpha membrane localization: regulation by 17beta-estradiol, Mol. Biol. Cell, 16, 231, 10.1091/mbc.E04-07-0547 Adlercreutz, 1993, Inhibition of human aromatase by mammalian lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 44, 147, 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90022-O Afonso, 1997, The effect of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole and two polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons on sex steroid secretion by ovarian follicles of coho salmon, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 106, 169, 10.1006/gcen.1996.6855 Afonso, 2001, Sex reversal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, J. Exp. Zool., 290, 177, 10.1002/jez.1047 Almstrup, 2002, Dual effects of phytoestrogens result in u-shaped dose-response curves, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 743, 10.1289/ehp.02110743 Andersen, 2006, Estrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo of the fungicide fenarimol, Toxicol. Lett., 163, 142, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.004 Andersen, 2003, Vitellogenin induction and brain aromatase activity in adult male and female zebrafish exposed to endocrine disrupters, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 28, 319, 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030569.11036.e1 Andersen, 2006, Short-term exposure to low concentrations of the synthetic androgen methyltestosterone affects vitellogenin and steroid levels in adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio), Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 343, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.10.008 Andersen, 2000, Multiple variants of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma are expressed in the liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Gene, 255, 411, 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00350-4 Andersson, 1988, Aromatase activity in brain and pituitary of immature and mature Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 72, 394, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90161-X Andreasen, 2002, The zebrafish (Danio rerio) aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 1 is a novel vertebrate receptor, Mol. Pharmacol., 62, 234, 10.1124/mol.62.2.234 Andrews, 1997, Sites of estrogen receptor and aromatase expression in the chicken embryos, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 108, 182, 10.1006/gcen.1997.6978 Ankley, 2005, Effects of two fungicides with multiple modes of action on reproductive endocrine function in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Toxicol. Sci., 86, 300, 10.1093/toxsci/kfi202 Ankley, 2002, Evaluation of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Toxicol. Sci., 67, 121, 10.1093/toxsci/67.1.121 Antonopoulou, 1999, Feedback control of gonadotropins in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, male parr. II. Aromatase inhibitor and androgen effects, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 114, 142, 10.1006/gcen.1998.7248 Aoyama, 1998, Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), J. Biol. Chem., 273, 5678, 10.1074/jbc.273.10.5678 Balthazart, 1998, New insights into the regulation and function of brain estrogen synthase (aromatase), Trends Neurosci., 21, 243, 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01221-6 Balthazart, 1996, Effects of testosterone and its metabolites on aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain: relationship with the activation of male reproductive behavior, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 56, 185, 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00236-7 Bardet, 2002, Characterization of oestrogen receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio), J. Mol. Endocrinol., 28, 153, 10.1677/jme.0.0280153 Beischlag, 2005, ER(alpha)-AHR-ARNT protein-protein interactions mediate estradiol-dependent transrepression of dioxin-inducible gene transcription, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 21607, 10.1074/jbc.C500090200 Bemanian, 2004, The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated disruption of vitellogenin synthesis in the fish liver: cross-talk between AhR- and ERalpha-signalling pathways, Comp. Hepatol., 3, 1, 10.1186/1476-5926-3-2 Benedict, 2000, Physiological role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mouse ovary development, Toxicol. Sci., 56, 382, 10.1093/toxsci/56.2.382 Bhandari, 2005, Evidence that estrogen regulates the sex change of honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra), a protogynous hermaphrodite fish, J. Exp. Zool., 303A, 497, 10.1002/jez.a.178 Bhandari, 2004, Aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex change in the protogynous honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra), Mol. Reprod. Dev., 67, 303, 10.1002/mrd.20027 Bhandari, 2003, Gonadal restructuring and correlative sex steroid profiles during protogynous sex change in the honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra), Zool. Sci., 20, 1399, 10.2108/zsj.20.1399 Bjornstrom, 2002, Signal transducers and activators of transcription as downstream targets of nongenomic estrogen receptor actions, Mol. Endocrinol., 16, 2202, 10.1210/me.2002-0072 Black, 2004, Molecular cloning of the guinea pig cyp1a2 gene 5′-flanking region: identification of functional aromatic hydrocarbon response element and characterization of cyp1a2 expression in GPC16 cells, Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 595, 10.1124/dmd.32.6.595 Blazquez, 2004, Cloning, sequence analysis, tissue distribution, and sex-specific expression of the neural form of P450 aromatase in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 219, 83, 10.1016/j.mce.2004.01.006 Bogart, 1987, Sex determination: a hypothesis based on steroid ratios, J. Theor. Biol., 128, 349, 10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80077-2 Bogomolnaya, 1984, Stimulation in vitro of estradiol-17beta secretion by the ovary of a cichlid fish, Sarotherodon aureus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 53, 187, 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90241-7 Bonofiglio, 2005, Estrogen receptor alpha binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element and negatively interferes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in breast cancer cells, Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 6139, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2453 Bord, 2001, Estrogen receptors alpha and beta are differentially expressed in developing human bone, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 2309, 10.1210/jc.86.5.2309 Borg, 1994, Androgens in teleost fishes, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 109, 219 Borg, 1989, Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. III. Effects of castration under different conditions and of replacement with different androgens, Exp. Biol., 48, 149 Borg, 1987, Aromatase activity in the brain of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. I. Distribution and effects of season and photoperiod, Exp. Biol., 47, 63 Boukouvala, 2004, Molecular characterization of three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors from the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Lipids, 39, 1085, 10.1007/s11745-004-1334-z Bouma, 2001, Estrogen receptor-alpha protein localization in the testis of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during different stages of the reproductive cycle, Biol. Reprod., 65, 60, 10.1095/biolreprod65.1.60 Bourguiba, 2003, Regulation of aromatase gene expression in Leydig cells and germ cells, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 86, 335, 10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00343-1 Bourguiba, 2003, Steroids control aromatase gene expression in purified germ cells from the adult male rat, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 31, 83, 10.1677/jme.0.0310083 Braissant, 1996, Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat, Endocrinology, 137, 354, 10.1210/en.137.1.354 Brion, 2004, Impacts of 17beta-estradiol, including environmentally relevant concentrations, on reproduction after exposure during embryo-larval-, juvenile- and adult-life stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Aquat. Toxicol., 68, 193, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.01.022 Brueggemeier, 2005, Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer, Endocr. Rev., 26, 331, 10.1210/er.2004-0015 Brunnberg, 2003, The basic helix-loop-helix-PAS protein ARNT functions as a potent coactivator of estrogen receptor-dependent transcription, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 6517, 10.1073/pnas.1136688100 Bulun, 2004, Organization of the human aromatase p450 (CYP19) gene, Semin. Reprod. Med., 22, 5, 10.1055/s-2004-823022 Byers, 1997, Estrogen receptor-beta mRNA expression in rat ovary: down-regulation by gonadotropins, Mol. Endocrinol., 11, 172, 10.1210/me.11.2.172 Callard, 1993, Molecular and cellular physiology of aromatase in the brain and retina, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 44, 541, 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90257-W Callard, 2001, Differential tissue distribution, developmental programming, estrogen regulation and promoter characteristics of cyp19 genes in teleost fish, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 79, 305, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00147-9 Campbell, 1993, Flavonoid inhibition of aromatase enzyme activity in human preadipocytes, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 46, 381, 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90228-O Carlone, 1997, Evidence that functional interactions of CREB and SF-1 mediate hormone regulated expression of the aromatase gene in granulosa cells and constitutive expression in R2C cells, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 61, 223, 10.1016/S0960-0760(97)80016-7 Carlson, 2002, A dynamic role for the Ah receptor in cell signaling? Insights from a diverse group of Ah receptor interacting proteins, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 16, 317, 10.1002/jbt.10051 Carlstrom, 2001, Estrogen modulation of the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein pathway, Neuroendocrinol., 74, 227, 10.1159/000054690 Carney, 2004, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator pathway causes developmental toxicity through a CYP1A-independent mechanism in zebrafish, Mol. Pharmacol., 66, 512 Carreau, 2003, Aromatase expression and role of estrogens in male gonad: a review, Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 1, 35, 10.1186/1477-7827-1-35 Chai, 2000, Developmental expression of a novel Ftz-F1 homologue, ff1b (NR5A4), in the zebrafish Danio rerio, Mech. Dev., 91, 421, 10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00312-3 Chang, 1995, Estradiol-17beta suppresses testicular development and stimulates sex change in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 14, 481, 10.1007/BF00004348 Chang, 1995, Stimulation of spermatogenesis or of sex change according to the dose of exogenous estradiol-17beta in juvenile males of protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 100, 355, 10.1006/gcen.1995.1166 Chang, 1994, Estradiol-17beta associated with the sex change in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, J. Exp. Zool., 268, 53, 10.1002/jez.1402680107 Chang, 1998, Estradiol-17beta stimulates aromatase activity and reversible sex change in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, J. Exp. Zool., 280, 165, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980201)280:2<165::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-M Chang, 1997, The endocrine mechanism of sex reversal in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli: a review, Chin. J. Physiol., 40, 197 Chang, 2005, Two types of aromatase with different encoding genes, tissue distribution and developmental expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 141, 101, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.11.020 Chang, 1997, Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom): changes in P450arom mRNA, protein and enzyme activity in ovarian follicles during oogenesis, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 18, 57, 10.1677/jme.0.0180057 Chardard, 1999, Sex reversal by aromatase inhibitor treatment in the newt Pleurodeles waltl, J. Exp. Zool., 283, 43, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990101)283:1<43::AID-JEZ6>3.0.CO;2-G Chen, 2003, Structure–function studies of aromatase and its inhibitors: a progress report, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 86, 231, 10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00361-3 Chen, 2001, Molecular structure, dynamic expression, and promoter analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) myf-5 gene, Genesis, 29, 22, 10.1002/1526-968X(200101)29:1<22::AID-GENE1002>3.0.CO;2-Z Cheshenko, 2007, Expression of zebrafish aromatase cyp19a and cyp19b genes in response to the ligands of estrogen receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Tox. Sci., 96, 255, 10.1093/toxsci/kfm003 Chiang, 2001, Two cyp19 (P450 aromatase) genes on duplicated zebrafish chromosomes are expressed in ovary or brain, Mol. Biol. Evol., 18, 542, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003833 Chiang, 2001, Characterization of duplicated zebrafish cyp19 genes, J. Exp. Zool., 290, 709, 10.1002/jez.1121 Choate, 1994, Prenatal inhibition of aromatase activity affects luteinizing hormone feedback mechanisms and reproductive behaviors of adult guinea pigs, Biol. Reprod., 51, 1273, 10.1095/biolreprod51.6.1273 Choi, 2003, Molecular cloning of estrogen receptor alpha and expression pattern of estrogen receptor subtypes in male and female goldfish, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 204, 169, 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00182-X Choi, 1997, Closely related genes encode developmental and tissue isoforms of porcine cytochrome P450 aromatase, DNA Cell Biol., 16, 769, 10.1089/dna.1997.16.769 Choi, 2005, Molecular cloning of cytochrome P450 aromatases in the protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres tenuispinis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 141, 49, 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.01.009 Clint, 2001, Neuronal regeneration in the cerebellum of adult teleost fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus: guidance of migrating young cells by radial glia, Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res., 130, 15, 10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00193-6 Connor, 1997, Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as estrogens and antiestrogens: structure–activity relationships, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 145, 111, 10.1006/taap.1997.8169 Contractor, 2004, Evidence of gender- and tissue-specific promoter methylation and the potential for ethinylestradiol-induced changes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) estrogen receptor and aromatase genes, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, A, 67, 1, 10.1080/15287390490253633 Cooke, 2002, Effects of organotins on human aromatase activity in vitro, Toxicol. Lett., 126, 121, 10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00451-9 Couse, 1999, Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us?, Endocr. Rev., 20, 358, 10.1210/er.20.3.358 Crews, 2001, Role of steroidogenic factor 1 and aromatase in temperature-dependent sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle, J. Exp. Zool., 290, 597, 10.1002/jez.1110 Curieux-Belfond, 2001, Androgen metabolism in oyster Crassostrea gigas: evidence for 17beta-HSD activities and characterization of an aromatase-like activity by pharmacological compounds and a marine pollutant, J. Steroid Biochem., 78, 359, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00109-1 D’Cotta, 2001, Aromatase plays a key role during normal and temperature-induced sex differentiation of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 59, 265, 10.1002/mrd.1031 Dalla Valle, 2002, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) cytochrome P450arom: cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 80, 25, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00170-4 Dalla Valle, 2002, Cloning of two mRNA variants of brain aromatase cytochrome P450 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 82, 19, 10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00143-7 Dang, 2003, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) as a molecular target for soy phytoestrogen genistein, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 962, 10.1074/jbc.M209483200 Davis, 1992, Influence of dihydrotestosterone on sex determination in channel catfish and blue catfish: period of developmental sensitivity, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 86, 147, 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90136-8 de Jesus, 1992, Changes in whole body concentrations of cortisol, thyroid hormones, and sex steroids during early development of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 85, 55, 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90171-F Denison, 1988, The DNA recognition site for the dioxin-Ah receptor complex: nucleotide sequence and functional analysis, J. Biol. Chem., 263, 17221, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77819-3 Desvergne, 2004, Be fit or be sick: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are down the road, Mol. Endocrinol., 18, 1321, 10.1210/me.2004-0088 Desvergne, 1999, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism, Endocr. Rev., 20, 649, 10.1210/er.20.5.649 Deutsch, 1987, Cyclic AMP responsiveness of human gonadotropin-alpha gene transcription is directed by a repeated 18-base pair enhancer. Alpha-promoter receptivity to the enhancer confers cell-preferential expression, J. Biol. Chem., 262, 12169, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45332-X Devlin, 2002, Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, and environmental influences, Aquaculture, 208, 191, 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00057-1 Dong, 2004, Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mesencephalic circulation failure and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicol. Sci., 77, 109, 10.1093/toxsci/kfh023 Dorizzi, 1994, Masculinization of gonads by aromatase inhibitors in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination, Differentiation, 58, 1, 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.5810001.x Dorrington, 1979, Effects of FSH on gonadal function, Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 35, 301 Dreyer, 1996, Retinoic acid receptors and nuclear orphan receptors in the development of Xenopus laevis, Int. J. Dev. Biol., 40, 255 Du, 2001, Estradiol-17beta stimulates gonadotropin II expression and release in the protandrous male black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker: a possible role in sex change, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 121, 135, 10.1006/gcen.2000.7583 Dubois, 2001, Gonadal steroids and the maturation of the species-specific gonadotropin-releasing hormone system in brain and pituitary of the male African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 129, 381, 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00328-1 Dubois, 2001, Development of three distinct GnRH neuron populations expressing two different GnRH forms in the brain of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), J. Comp. Neurol., 437, 308, 10.1002/cne.1285 Eggen, 2003, Search for the evidence of endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment: lessons to be learned from joint biological and chemical monitoring in the European Project COMPREHEND, Pure Appl. Chem., 75, 2445, 10.1351/pac200375112445 Ekstrom, 2001, Ventricular proliferation zones in the brain of an adult teleost fish and their relation to neuromeres and migration (second matrix) zones, J. Comp. Neurol., 436, 92, 10.1002/cne.1056 Elbrecht, 1992, Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens, Science, 255, 467, 10.1126/science.1734525 Ema, 1992, cDNA cloning and structure of mouse putative Ah receptor, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 184, 246, 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91185-S Eng, 2001, Suppression of aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by red wine phytochemicals, Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 67, 133, 10.1023/A:1010641102147 Eng, 2002, Anti-aromatase chemicals in red wine, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 963, 239, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04116.x Eng, 2003, Suppression of estrogen biosynthesis by procyanidin dimers in red wine and grape seeds, Cancer Res., 63, 8516 Escriva, 1997, Ligand binding was acquired during evolution of nuclear receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 6803, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6803 Evans, 1986, Isolation and characterization of a complementary DNA specific for human aromatase-system cytochrome P-450 mRNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 6387, 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6387 Falkenstein, 2000, Multiple actions of steroid hormones - A focus on rapid, nongenomic effects, Pharmacol. Rev., 52, 513 Fan, 2005, Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor inhibits aromatase transcription via nuclear factor-kB, Endocrinology, 146, 85, 10.1210/en.2004-1046 Fayard, 2004, LRH-1: an orphan nuclear receptor involved in development, metabolism and steroidogenesis, Trends Cell. Biol., 14, 250, 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.03.008 Feist, 1990, Sex steroid profiles of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during early development and sexual differentiation, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 80, 299, 10.1016/0016-6480(90)90174-K Fenske, 2004, Aromatase modulation alters gonadal differentiation in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), Aquat. Toxicol., 1561, 1 Filleur, 2001, Antiproliferative, anti-aromatase, anti-17beta-HSD and antioxidant activities of lignans isolated from Myristica argentea, Planta Med., 67, 700, 10.1055/s-2001-18349 Fitzpatrick, 1991, Regulation of cytochrome P450 aromatase messenger ribonucleic acis and activity by steroids and gonadotropins in rat granulosa cells, Endocrinology, 129, 1452, 10.1210/endo-129-3-1452 Fitzpatrick, 1994, Identification of a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-response element in the rat aromatase promoter that is required for transcriptional activation in rat granulosa cels and R2C Leydig cells, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 1309, 10.1210/me.8.10.1309 Force, 1999, Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations, Genetics, 151, 1531, 10.1093/genetics/151.4.1531 Forlano, 2005, Distribution of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA in the brain and inner ear of a vocal fish with comparisons to sites of aromatase expression, J. Comp. Neurol., 483, 91, 10.1002/cne.20397 Forlano, 2001, Anatomical distribution and cellular basis for high levels of aromatase activity in the brain of teleost fish: aromatase enzyme and mRNA expression identify glia as source, J. Neurosci., 21, 8943, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-22-08943.2001 Fukada, 1996, Isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding the medaka (Oryzias latipes) ovarian follicle cytochrome P-450 aromatase, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 45, 285, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199611)45:3<285::AID-MRD4>3.0.CO;2-O Galarneau, 1996, The alpha1-fetoprotein locus is activated by a nuclear receptor of the Drosophila FTZ-F1 family, Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 3853, 10.1128/MCB.16.7.3853 Galmiche, 2006, The expression of aromatase in gonadotropes is regulated by estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a manner that differs from the regulation of luteinizing hormone, Endocrinology, 147, 4234, 10.1210/en.2005-1650 Gardner, 2003, Sex change strategy and the aromatase genes, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 28, 147, 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030504.68522.53 Gaucher, 2004, The planetary biology of cytochrome P450 aromatases, BMC Biol., 2, 19, 10.1186/1741-7007-2-19 Gelinas, 1993, Immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence for aromatase in neurons of the retina, optic tectum and retinotectal pathways in goldfish, J. Neuroendocrinol., 5, 635, 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00533.x Gelinas, 1997, Immunolocalization of aromatase- and androgen receptor-positive neurons in the goldfish brain, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 106, 155, 10.1006/gcen.1997.6891 Gelinas, 1998, Isolation of a goldfish brain cytochrome P450 aromatase cDNA: mRNA expression during the seasonal cycle and after steroid treatment, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 138, 81, 10.1016/S0303-7207(98)00015-X Gen, 2001, Correlation between messenger RNA expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase and its enzyme activity during oocyte development in the red seabream (Pagrus major), Biol. Reprod., 65, 1186, 10.1095/biolreprod65.4.1186 Genissel, 2001, Regulation of the aromatase gene expression in mature rat Leydig cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 178, 141, 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00409-9 Gillesby, 1997, Identification of a motif within the 5′ regulatory region of pS2 which is responsible for AP-1 binding and TCDD-mediated suppression, Biochemistry, 36, 6080, 10.1021/bi962131b Girnun, 2002, Identification of a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element in the rat catalase promoter, Mol. Endocrinol., 16, 2793, 10.1210/me.2002-0020 Goksoyr, 2006, Endocrine disruptors in the marine environment: mechanisms of toxicity and their influence on reproductive processes in fish, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, A, 69, 175, 10.1080/15287390500259483 Gonzalez, 2003, Aromatase activity in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) brain. Distribution and changes in relation to age, sex, and the annual reproductive cycle, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 132, 223, 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00086-8 Gonzalez, 1998, Mechanism of action of the nongenotoxic peroxisome proliferators: role of the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 90, 1702, 10.1093/jnci/90.22.1702 Gonzalez, 1989, Cyclic AMP stimulates somatostatin gene transcription by phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133, Cell, 59, 675, 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90013-5 Goto-Kazeto, 2004, Localization and expression of aromatase mRNA in adult zebrafish, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 139, 72, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.07.003 Govoroun, 2001, Steroid enzyme gene expressions during natural and androgen-induced gonadal differentiation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, J. Exp. Zool., 290, 558, 10.1002/jez.1106 Govoroun, 2001, 17beta-estradiol treatment decreases steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rainbow trout testis, Endocrinology, 142, 1841, 10.1210/en.142.5.1841 Gray, 1998, Xenoendocrine disrupters: laboratory studies on male reproductive effects, Toxicol. Lett., 331, 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00327-0 Greytak, 2005, Isolation and characterization of two cytochrome P450 aromatase forms in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): differential expression in fish from polluted and unpolluted environments, Aquat. Toxicol., 71, 371, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.12.007 Grube, 2001, White button mushroom phytochemicals inhibit aromatase activity and breast cancer cell proliferation, J. Nutr., 131, 3288, 10.1093/jn/131.12.3288 Guiguen, 1999, Involvement of estrogens in the process of sex differentiation in two fish species: the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Mol. Reprod. Dev., 54, 154, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199910)54:2<154::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-5 Guillette, 1995, Organization versus activation: the role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife, Environ. Health Perspect., 103, 157, 10.1289/ehp.95103s7157 Gurates, 2003, WT-1 and DAX-1 regulate SF-1-mediated human P450arom gene expression in gonadal cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 208, 61, 10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00198-9 Hahn, 2006, Unexpected diversity of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates: insights from comparative genomics, J. Exp. Zool., 305, 693, 10.1002/jez.a.323 Hallgren, 2006, Inhibition of cytochrome p450 brain aromatase reduces two male specific sexual behaviors in the male Endler guppy (Poecilia reticulata), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 147, 323, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.005 Halm, 2002, Exposure to exogenous 17[beta]-oestradiol disrupts P450aromB mRNA expression in the brain and gonad of adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Aquat. Toxicol., 60, 285, 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00011-5 Hamel, 2005, Androstenedione increases cytochrome P450 aromatase messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in nonluteinizing bovine granulosa cells, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 70, 175, 10.1002/mrd.20194 Hankinson, 1994, The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein in aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein in aryl hydrocarbon receptor action, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 5, 240, 10.1016/1043-2760(94)P3082-I Harada, 1999, Localized expression of aromatase in human vascular tissues, Circ. Res., 84, 1285, 10.1161/01.RES.84.11.1285 Harada, 1993, Tissue-specific expression of the human aromatase cytochrome-P- 450 gene by alternative use of multiple exons-1 and promoters, and switching of tissue-specific exons-1 in carcinogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 11312, 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11312 Harrington, 1961, Oviparous hermaphroditic fish with internal self-fertilization, Science, 134, 1749, 10.1126/science.134.3492.1749 Hatano, 1994, Sex-dependent expression of a transcription factor, Ad4BP, regulating steroidogenic P-450 genes in the gonads during prenatal and postnatal rat development, Development, 120, 2787, 10.1242/dev.120.10.2787 He, 2003, Differential messenger RNA transcription of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in gonad in relation to the sex change in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Biol. Reprod., 69, 455, 10.1095/biolreprod.102.015040 Heidrich, 2002, Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 aromatase activity by butyltins, Steroids, 66, 763, 10.1016/S0039-128X(01)00108-8 Henry, 1997, Early life stage toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 142, 56, 10.1006/taap.1996.8024 Heyman, 1992, 9-cis retinoic acid is a high-affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor, Cell, 68, 397, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90479-V Hickey, 1988, Hormonal regulation, tissue distribution, and content of aromatase cytochrome P450 messenger ribonucleic acid and enzyme in rat ovarian follicles and corpora lutea: relationship to estradiol biosynthesis, Endocrinology, 122, 1426, 10.1210/endo-122-4-1426 Hickey, 1990, Aromatase cytochrome P450 in rat ovarian granulosa cells before and after luteinization: adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent and independent regulation. Cloning and sequencing of rat aromatase cDNA and 5′ genomic DNA, Mol. Endocrinol., 4, 3, 10.1210/mend-4-1-3 Hill, 2003, Developmental estrogenic exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio): I. Effects on sex ratio and breeding success, Aquat. Toxicol., 63, 417, 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00207-2 Hines, 1999, Steroid levels and steroid metabolism in relation to early gonadal development in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cyprinoidei), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 114, 235, 10.1006/gcen.1998.7244 Hinfray, 2006, Brain and gonadal aromatase as potential targets of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a model species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), Environ. Toxicol., 21, 332, 10.1002/tox.20203 Hinfray, 2006, Inhibition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) P450 aromatase activities in brain and ovarian microsomes by various environmental substances, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 144, 252 Hinshelwood, 2003, Expression of LRH-1 and SF-1 in the mouse ovary: localization in different cell types correlates with differing function, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 207, 39, 10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00257-0 Hirsch, 1987, Inhibition of central nervous system aromatase activity: a mechanism for fenarimol-induced infertility in the male rat, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 235, 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90104-9 Honda, 1999, Identification of cis-acting elements in the proximal region for brain-specific exon 1 of the mouse aromatase gene, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 66, 122, 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00017-0 Horiguchi, 1997, Efects of triphenyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds on the development of imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, Environ. Pollut., 95, 85, 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00093-0 Hornung, 2004, Mechanistic basis for estrogenic effects in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following exposure to the androgen 17alpha-methyltestosterone: conversion of 17alpha-methyltestosterone to 17alpha-methylestradiol, Aquat. Toxicol., 66, 15, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.06.004 Hsu, 2001, Ectopic expression of negative ARNT2 factor disrupts fish development, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 282, 487, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4525 Hurst, 2003, Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phtalate monoesters, Toxicol. Sci., 74, 297, 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145 Ibabe, 2005, Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio) depending on gender and developmental stage, Histochem. Cell Biol., 123, 75, 10.1007/s00418-004-0737-2 Ibabe, 2002, Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Histochem. Cell Biol., 118, 231, 10.1007/s00418-002-0434-y Ibrahim, 1990, Aromatase inhibition by flavonoids, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37, 257, 10.1016/0960-0760(90)90335-I Idler, 1975, Fish gonadotrpin(s). I. Bioassay of salmon gonadotropin(s) in vitro with immature trout gonads, Endocr. Res. Commun., 2, 199, 10.3109/07435807509053849 Idler, 1984, Comparative aspects of the assay of carp gonadotropin, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A, 79, 441, 10.1016/0300-9629(84)90542-5 Ijiri, 2000, Characterization of gonadal and extra-gonadal forms of the cDNA encoding the Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina) cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 164, 169, 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00228-8 Ijiri, 2003, Characterization of a cDNA encoding P-450 aromatase (CYP19) from Japanese eel ovary and its expression in ovarian follicles during induced ovarian development, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 130, 193, 10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00589-0 IJpenberg, 1997, Polarity and specific sequence requirements of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor heterodimer binding to DNA, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 20108, 10.1074/jbc.272.32.20108 IJpenberg, 2004, In vivo activation of PPAR target genes by RXR homodimers, EMBO J., 23, 2083, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600209 Ikeda, 1993, Characterization of the mouse FTZ-F1 gene, which encodes a key regulator of steroid hydroxylase gene expression, Mol. Endocrinol., 7, 852, 10.1210/me.7.7.852 Ikeda, 1994, Developmental expression of mouse steroidogenic factor-1, an essential regulator of the steroid hydroxylases, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 654, 10.1210/me.8.5.654 Impey, 1999, Making new connections: role of ERK/MAP kinase signaling in neuronal plasticity, Neuron, 23, 11, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80747-3 Issemann, 1990, Activation of a member of the steroid-hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators, Nature, 347, 645, 10.1038/347645a0 Ito, 1998, cDNA cloning of a new member of the FTZ-F1 subfamily from a rainbow trout, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1395, 271, 10.1016/S0167-4781(97)00158-9 Iwamatsu, 2005, Estradiol-17beta content in developing eggs and induced sex reversal of the medaka (Oryzias latipes), J. Exp. Zool., 303A, 161, 10.1002/jez.a.120 Iwamatsu, 2006, Testosterone content of developing eggs and sex reversal in the medaka (Oryzias latipes), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 145, 67, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.07.003 Jeng, 2005, Differential expression of neural and gonadal aromatase enzymatic activities in relation to gonadal development in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, J. Exp. Zool., 303A, 802, 10.1002/jez.a.194 Jensen, 2001, Aspects of basic reproductive biology and endocrinology in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 128, 127 Jeong, 1999, Inhibition of aromatase activity by flavonoids, Arch. Pharmacol. Res., 22, 309, 10.1007/BF02976369 Jobling, 1998, Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2498, 10.1021/es9710870 Johannessen, 2004, What turns CREB on?, Cell Signal., 16, 1211, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.05.001 Juge-Aubry, 1997, DNA binding properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes on various natural peroxisome proliferator response elements, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 25252, 10.1074/jbc.272.40.25252 Kagawa, 2003, Effects of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on aromatase activity and P450 aromatase gene expression in the ovarian follicles of red seabream, Pagrus major, Biol. Reprod., 68, 1562, 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008219 Kagawa, 1984, In vitro estradiol-17beta and testosterone production by ovarian follicles of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 54, 139, 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90209-0 Kallivretaki, 2006, Aromatase in zebrafish: a potential target for endocrine disrupting chemicals, Mar. Environ. Res., 62, S187, 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.003 Kanamori, 1988, Developmental changes in the properties of gonadotropin receptors in the ovarian follicles of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) during oogenesis, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 72, 25, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90177-3 Kanamori, 1988, Involvement of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the control of follicular steroidogenesis of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 77, 221 Kanda, 2006, Transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout CYP19a gene by FTZ-F1 homologue, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 99, 85, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.12.005 Kanda, 2003, 17beta-estradiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes by promoting Bcl-2 expression, J. Invest. Dermatol., 121, 1500, 10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12617.x Kao, 1998, Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: a site-directed mutagenesis study, Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 85, 10.1289/ehp.9810685 Karchner, 2005, AHR1B, a new functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor in zebrafish: tandem arrangement of ahr1b and ahr2 genes, Biochem. J., 392, 153, 10.1042/BJ20050713 Karchner, 1999, Identification and functional characterization of two highly divergent aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR1 and AHR2) in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 33814, 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33814 Kawahara, 2000, Estrogen-independent ovary formation in the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, Zool. Sci., 17, 65, 10.2108/zsj.17.65 Kazeto, 2003, Aromatase expression in zebrafish and channel catfish brains: changes in transcript abundance associated with the reproductive cycle and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 28, 29, 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030466.23085.94 Kazeto, 2001, The 5′-flanking regions of CYP19A1 and CYP19A2 in zebrafish, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 288, 503, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5796 Kazeto, 2004, Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the expression of CYP19 genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) juveniles, Aquat. Toxicol., 69, 25, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.04.008 Keller, 1995, Signaling cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor and estrogen receptor through estrogen response elements, Mol. Endocrinol., 9, 794, 10.1210/me.9.7.794 Kellis, 1984, Inhibition of human estrogen synthetase (aromatase) by flavones, Science, 225, 1032, 10.1126/science.6474163 Kelly, 2001, Rapid actions of plasma membrane estrogen receptors, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 12, 152, 10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00377-0 Kersten, 2000, Roles of PPARs in health and disease, Nature, 405, 421, 10.1038/35013000 Kersten, 1999, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates the adaptive response to fasting, J. Clin. Invest., 103, 1489, 10.1172/JCI6223 Khan, 1997, Steroid metabolism by embryonic tissues of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 105, 344, 10.1006/gcen.1996.6835 Kijima, 2006, Grape seed extract is an aromatase inhibitor and a suppressor of aromatase expression, Cancer Res., 66, 5960, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0053 Kime, 1986, Steroidogenesis by gonads of a viviparous teleost, the sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), in vitro and in vivo, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 63, 125, 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90190-5 King Heiden, 2006, Inhibition of follicular development, vitellogenesis, and serum 17beta-estradiol concentrations in zebrafish following chronic, sublethal dietary exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, Toxicol. Sci., 90, 490, 10.1093/toxsci/kfj085 King Heiden, 2005, Accumulation, tissue distribution, and maternal transfer of dietary 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: impacts on reproductive success of zebrafish, Toxicol. Sci., 87, 497, 10.1093/toxsci/kfi201 Kishida, 2001, Distinct cytochrome P450 aromatase isoforms in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and ovary are differentially programmed and estrogen regulated during early development, Endocrinology, 142, 740, 10.1210/en.142.2.740 Kishida, 2001, Estrogen and xenoestrogens upregulate the brain aromatase isoform (P450aromB) and perturb markers of early development in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 129, 261, 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00319-0 Kitano, 1999, Suppression of P450 aromatase gene expression in sex-reversed males produced by rearing genetically female larvae at a high water temperature during a period of sex differentiation in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), J. Mol. Endocrinol., 23, 167, 10.1677/jme.0.0230167 Kitano, 2000, Aromatase inhibitor and 17alpha-methyltestosterone cause sex-reversal from genetical females to phenotypic males and suppression of P450 aromatase gene expression in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Mol. Reprod. Dev., 56, 1, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(200005)56:1<1::AID-MRD1>3.0.CO;2-3 Klein-Hitpass, 1988, A 13bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and interacts specifically with estrogen receptor, Nucl. Acids Res., 16, 647, 10.1093/nar/16.2.647 Klinge, 2000, Estrogen receptor interaction with co-activators and co-repressors, Steroids, 65, 227, 10.1016/S0039-128X(99)00107-5 Kobayashi, 1996, Cooperative interaction between AhR, Arnt and Sp1 for the drug-inducible expression of CYP1A1 gene, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 12310, 10.1074/jbc.271.21.12310 Kobayashi, 1988, Hormone changes during the ovulatory cycle in goldfish, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 69, 301, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90018-4 Kobayashi, 1998, Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P450c17, P450arom, and 3beta-HSD) in immature and mature testes of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), Cell Tissue Res., 292, 573, 10.1007/s004410051086 Kobayashi, 2004, Characterization of two types of cytochrome P450 aromatase in the serial-sex changing gobiid fish, Trimma okinawae, Zool. Sci., 21, 417, 10.2108/zsj.21.417 Komar, 2001, Expression and localization of PPARs in the rat ovary during follicular development and the periovulatory period, Endocrinology, 142, 4831, 10.1210/en.142.11.4831 Krishnan, 1994, Estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes mediate estrogen-induced cathepsin D gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 15912, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)40767-8 Kroon, 2000, The role of steroid hormones in protogynous sex change in the blackeye goby, Coryphopterus nicholsii (Teleostei: Gobiidae), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 118, 273, 10.1006/gcen.2000.7459 Kroon, 2003, Steroid hormone levels and bi-directional sex change in Gobiodon histrio, J. Fish. Biol., 62, 153, 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00017.x Kuhl, 2006, Antiestrogens inhibit xenoestrogen-induced brain aromatase activity but do not prevent xenoestrogen-induced feminization in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), Environ. Health Perspect., 114, 500, 10.1289/ehp.8211 Kuhl, 2005, Brain aromatase in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): molecular characterization and role in xenoestrogen induced sex reversal, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 67, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.01.029 Kuiper, 1997, The novel estrogen receptor-beta subtype: potential role in the cell- and promoter-specific actions of estrogens and anti-estrogens, FEBS Lett., 410, 87, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00413-4 Kuiper, 1998, Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta, Endocrinology, 139, 4252, 10.1210/en.139.10.4252 Kwon, 2000, Masculinization of genetic female nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by dietary administration of an aromatase inhibitor during sexual differentiation, J. Exp. Zool., 287, 46, 10.1002/1097-010X(20000615)287:1<46::AID-JEZ6>3.0.CO;2-X Kwon, 2001, Cloning of brain aromatase gene and expression of brain and ovarian aromatase genes during sexual differentiation in genetic male and female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 59, 359, 10.1002/mrd.1042 Kwon, 2002, Treatment with an aromatase inhibitor suppresses high-temperature feminization of genetic male (YY) Nile tilapia, J. Fish Biol., 60, 625, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01689.x Lacey, 2005, Dose-response effects of phytoestrogens on the activity and expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase in human granulosa-luteal cells, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 279, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.03.006 Lala, 1992, Steroidogenic factor 1, a key regulator of steroidogenic enzyme expression, is the mouse homolog of fushi tarazu-factor 1, Mol. Endocrinol., 6, 1249, 10.1210/me.6.8.1249 Lange, 2003, Evolution of oestrogen functions in vertebrates, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 83, 219, 10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00225-X Lange, 2001, Effects of the synthetic estrogen 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol on the life-cycle of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 1216, 10.1002/etc.5620200610 Larson, 2006, Agression and vasotocin are associated with dominant-subordinate relationships in zebrafish, Behav. Brain Res., 167, 94, 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.08.020 Lassiter, 2002, Genomic structure and embryonic expression of estrogen receptor beta a (ER[beta]a) in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Gene, 299, 141, 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01050-8 Lavado, 2004, First evidence of endocrine disruption in feral carp from the Ebro River, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 247, 10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.012 Le Bail, 2000, Effects of phytoestrogens on aromatase, 3beta and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities and human breast cancer cells, Life Sci., 66, 1281, 10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00435-5 Le Bail, 1998, Aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition by flavonoids, Cancer Lett., 133, 101, 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00211-0 Le Drean, 1996, Steroidogenic factor 1 and estradiol receptor act in synergism to regulate the expression of the salmon gonadotropin IIbeta subunit gene, Mol. Endocrinol., 10, 217, 10.1210/me.10.3.217 Leaver, 2005, Three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isotypes from each of two species of marine fish, Endocrinology, 146, 3150, 10.1210/en.2004-1638 Lee, 2001, Aromatase inhibitors from Broussonetia papyrifera, J. Nat. Prod., 64, 1286, 10.1021/np010288l Lee, 2006, Endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol) modulate expression of two distinct cytochrome P450 aromatase genes differently in gender types of the hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 345, 894, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.137 Lee, 2001, Regulation of plasma gonadotropin II secretion by sex steroids, aromatase inhibitors, and antiestrogens in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 129, 399, 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00337-2 Lee, 2000, Profiles of gonadal development, sex steroids, aromatase activity, and gonadotropin II in the controlled sex change of protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 119, 111, 10.1006/gcen.2000.7499 Lee, 2004, Estradiol-17beta induced a reversible sex change in the fingerlings of protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker: the possible roles of luteinizing hormone in sex change, Biol. Reprod., 71, 1270, 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030221 Lemberger, 1996, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology, Ann. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol., 12, 335, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.335 Lephart, 1996, A review of brain aromatase cytochrome P450, Brain Res. Rev., 22, 1, 10.1016/0165-0173(96)00002-1 Lephart, 1997, Molecular aspects of brain aromatase cytochrome P450, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 61, 375, 10.1016/S0960-0760(97)80035-0 Lewis, 2004, Functional analysis of xenobiotic response elements (XREs) in CYP 1A of the european flounder (Platichthys flesus), Mar. Environ. Res., 58, 101, 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.002 Liu, 1997, Teleost FTZ-F1 homolog and its splicing variant determine the expression of the salmon gonadotropin IIbeta subunit gene, Mol. Endocrinol., 11, 877, 10.1210/me.11.7.877 Liu, 2006, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists directly activate estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, Biol. Chem., 387, 1209, 10.1515/BC.2006.149 Liu, 2004, Sequence and expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase and FTZ-F1 genes in the protandrous black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegeli), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 138, 247, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.04.005 Lo, 2003, Dithioerythritol (DTE) prevents inhibitory effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on the key enzymes of the human sex steroid hormone metabolism, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 84, 569, 10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00074-8 Lonze, 2002, Function and regulation of CREB family transcription factors in the nervous system, Neuron, 35, 605, 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00828-0 Loomis, 2000, Effects of estrogens and xenoestrogens on androgen production by Atlantic croaker testes in vitro: evidence for a nongenomic action mediated by an estrogen membrane receptor, Biol. Reprod., 62, 995, 10.1095/biolreprod62.4.995 Lovekamp-Swan, 2003, Mechanisms of phthalate ester toxicity in the female reproductive system, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 139, 10.1289/ehp.5658 Lovekamp, 2001, Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suppresses aromatase transcript levels and estradiol production in cultured rat granulosa cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 172, 217, 10.1006/taap.2001.9156 Lusska, 1993, Protein-DNA interactions at a dioxin-responsive enhancer. Analysis of six bona fide DNA-binding sites for the liganded Ah receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6575, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53289-0 Lynch, 1993, Steroidogenic factor 1, an orphan nuclear receptor, regulates the expression of the rat aromatase gene in gonadal tissues, Mol. Endocrinol., 7, 776, 10.1210/me.7.6.776 Lynch, 2000, The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes, Science, 290, 1151, 10.1126/science.290.5494.1151 Lynch, 2000, The probability of duplicate gene preservation by subfunctionalization, Genetics, 154, 459, 10.1093/genetics/154.1.459 Lyssimachou, 2006, Brain cytochrome P450 aromatase gene isoforms and activity levels in Atlantic salmon after waterborne exposure to nominal environmental concentrations of the pharmaceutical enhinylestradiol and antifoulant tributyltin, Toxicol. Sci., 91, 82, 10.1093/toxsci/kfj136 Maack, 2004, Life-stage-dependent sensitivity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to estrogen exposure, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 139, 47 MacLusky, 1981, Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system, Science, 211, 1294, 10.1126/science.6163211 Maloney, 1999, Trans-activation of PPAR[alpha] and PPAR[gamma] by structurally diverse environmental chemicals, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 161, 209, 10.1006/taap.1999.8809 Mandal, 2005, Dioxin: a review of its environmental effects and its aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 175, 221, 10.1007/s00360-005-0483-3 Mangelsdorf, 1990, Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway, Nature, 345, 224, 10.1038/345224a0 Mangelsdorf, 1995, The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade, Cell, 83, 835, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90199-X Mano, 2000, Cloning and function of rabbit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta/beta in mature osteoclasts, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 8126, 10.1074/jbc.275.11.8126 Mantamadiotis, 2002, Disruption of CREB function in brain leads to neurodegeneration, Nat. Genet., 31, 47, 10.1038/ng882 Mao-Qiang, 2004, Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, J. Invest. Dermatol., 123, 305, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23235.x Mason, 1987, Imidazole antimycotics: Selective inhibitors of steroid aromatization and progesterone hydroxylation, Steroids, 50, 179, 10.1016/0039-128X(83)90070-3 Matsumura, 1994, How important is the protein phosphorylation pathway in the toxic expression of dioxin-type chemicals?, Biochem. Pharmacol., 48, 215, 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90089-2 Matthiessen, 1998, Critical appraisal of the evidence for tributyltin-mediated endocrine disruption in mollusks, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 37, 10.1002/etc.5620170106 McAllister, 2003, Early life exposure to environmental levels of the aromatase inhibitor tributyltin causes masculinisation and irreversible sperm damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Aquat. Toxicol., 65, 309, 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00154-1 McEwen, 1999, The molecular and neuroanatomical basis for estrogen effects in the central nervous system, J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 84, 1790, 10.1210/jc.84.6.1790 Melo, 2001, Sexual dimorphism of brain aromatase activity in medaka: Induction of a female phenotype by estradiol, Environ. Health Perspect., 109, 257, 10.1289/ehp.01109257 Mendez, 2003, Activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signalling pathway by luteinizing hormone in trout theca layers, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 205, 11, 10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00208-9 Menuet, 2003, Distribution of aromatase mRNA and protein in the brain and pituitary of female rainbow trout: comparison with estrogen receptor alpha, J. Comp. Neurol., 462, 180, 10.1002/cne.10726 Menuet, 2002, Molecular characterization of three estrogen receptor forms in zebrafish: binding characteristics, transactivation properties, and tissue distributions, Biol. Reprod., 66, 1881, 10.1095/biolreprod66.6.1881 Menuet, 2005, Expression and estrogen-dependent regulation of the zebrafish brain aromatase gene, J. Comp. Neurol., 485, 304, 10.1002/cne.20497 Meyer, 2005, From 2R to 3R: evidence for a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD), BioEssays, 27, 937, 10.1002/bies.20293 Michael, 1995, Ad4BP/SF-1 regulates cyclic AMP-induced transcription from the proximal promoter (PII) of the human aromatase P450 (CYP19) gene in the ovary, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 13561, 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13561 Michalik, 2002, PPAR expression and function during vertebrate development, Int. J. Dev. Biol., 46, 105 Misso, 2003, Cellular and molecular characterization of the adipose phenotype of the aromatase-deficient mouse, Endocrinology, 144, 1474, 10.1210/en.2002-221123 Miwa, 1994, Localization of two gonadotropin receptors in the salmon gonad by in vitro ligand autoradiography, Biol. Reprod., 50, 629, 10.1095/biolreprod50.3.629 Mocarelli, 2000, Paternal concnetrations of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring, Lancet, 355, 1858, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02290-X Monod, 1993, Inhibition of ovarian microsomal and follicular oestradiol secretion by imidazole fungicides in rainbow trout, Mar. Environ. Res., 35, 153, 10.1016/0141-1136(93)90030-4 Monteiro, 2000, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), Aquat. Toxicol., 48, 549, 10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00055-7 Montminy, 1997, Transcriptional regulation by cyclic AMP, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 66, 807, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.807 Montminy, 1987, Binding of a nuclear protein to the cyclic-AMP response element of the somatostatin gene, Nature, 328, 175, 10.1038/328175a0 Montserrat, 2004, Effects of follicle stimulating hormone on estradiol-17beta production of P-450 aromatase (CYP19) activity and mRNA expression in brown trout vitellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 137, 123, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.02.011 Moreno, 2004, Immunolocalization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptors in the adult rat CNS, Neurosci., 123, 131, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.064 Morohashi, 1992, A common trans-acting factor, Ad4-binding protein, to the promoters of steroidogenic P-450s, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 17913, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37129-7 Morriss-Kay, 1992, Retinoic acid receptors in normal growth and development, Cancer Surv., 14, 181 Mu, 2000, A nuclear receptor system constituted by RAR and RXR induces aromatase activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 166, 137, 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00273-2 Mu, 2001, Combined treatment with specific ligands for PPAR[gamma]:RXR nuclear receptor system markedly inhibits the expression of cytochrome P450arom in human granulosa cancer cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 181, 239, 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00457-3 Murkies, 1998, Phytoestrogens, J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 83, 297, 10.1210/jc.83.2.297 Nagahama, 1991, A mechanism for the action of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on aromatase activity in the ovarian follicle of medaka, Orizyas latipes, J. Exp. Zool., 259, 53, 10.1002/jez.1402590108 Nakamura, 1998, Gonadal sex differentiation in fish, J. Exp. Zool., 281, 362, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980801)281:5<362::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-M Nakamura, 1989, Histological and ultrastructural evidence for the role of gonadal steroid hormones in sex change in the protogynous wrasse Thalassoma duperrey, Env. Biol. Fish, 24, 117, 10.1007/BF00001282 Nakanishi, 2002, Trialkyltin compounds enhance human GG secretion and aromatase activity in human placental choriocarcinoma cells, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, 2830, 10.1210/jc.87.6.2830 Nakanishi, 2005, Trialkyltin compounds bind retinoid X receptor to alter human placental endocrine functions, Mol. Endocrinol., 19, 2502, 10.1210/me.2004-0397 Nakanishi, 2006, Molecular targets of organotin compounds in endocrine disruption: do organotin compounds function as aromatase inhibitors in mammals?, Environ. Sci., 13, 89 Nativelle-Serpentini, 2003, Aromatase activity modulation by lindane and bisphenol-A in human placental JEG-3 and transfected kidney E293 cells, Toxicol. In Vitro, 17, 413, 10.1016/S0887-2333(03)00046-8 Navas, 2004, Induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) by clotrimazole, a non-planar aromatic compound. Computational studies on structural features of clotrimazole and related imidazole derivatives, Life Sci., 76, 699, 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.015 Nicolas, 1999, Vitellogenesis in fish and the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants, Aquat. Toxicol., 45, 77, 10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00095-2 Noaksson, 2003, Endocrine disruption in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) exposed to leachate from a public refuse damp, Sci. Total Environ., 305, 87, 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00503-X Noaksson, 2003, Altered steroid metabolism in several teleost species exposed to endocrine disrupting substances in refuse dump leachate, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 134, 273, 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00267-3 Noaksson, 2001, Evidence for endocrine disruption in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in a remote Swedish Lake in the vicinity of a public refuse dump, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 174, 280, 10.1006/taap.2001.9194 Nunez, 1997, Retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activate an estrogen responsive gene independent of the estrogen receptor, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 127, 27, 10.1016/S0303-7207(96)03980-9 Odum, 2002, Detection of aromatase inhibitors in vitro using rat ovary microsomes, Toxicol. Lett., 129, 119, 10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00521-5 Oern, 2003, Gonad development and vitellogenin production in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone, Aquat. Toxicol., 65, 397, 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00177-2 Ohtake, 2003, Modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling by association with the activated dioxin receptor, Nature, 423, 545, 10.1038/nature01606 Oppen-Berntsen, 1994, Plasma levels of eggshell zr-proteins, estradiol-17beta, and gonadotropins during an annual reproductive cycle of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), J. Exp. Zool., 268, 59, 10.1002/jez.1402680108 Orlando, 2002, Aromatase activity in the ovary and brain of the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) exposed to paper mill effluent, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 429, 10.1289/ehp.02110s3429 Ortiz-Zarragoitia, 2000, Environmental estrogenic compounds alter peroxisomal functions in fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A, 126, 113, 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)80224-X Ortiz-Zarragoitia, 2005, Effects of selected xenoestrogens on liver peroxisomes, vitellogenin levels and spermatogenic cell proliferation in male zebrafish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 141, 133 Ortiz-Zarragoitia, 2006, Effects of dibutylphthalate and ethinylestradiol on liver peroxisomes, reproduction, and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio), Environ. Tox. Chem., 25, 2394, 10.1897/05-456R.1 Osada, 2004, Estrogen synthesis in relation to gonadal development of Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis: gonadal profile and immunolocalization of P450 aromatase and estrogen, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 139, 123, 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.07.002 Oulmi, 1996, Toxicity of 4-Chloroaniline in early life-stages of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio): I. Cytopathology of liver and kidney after microinjection, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 30, 390, 10.1007/BF00212299 Oz, 2001, Bone phenotype of the aromatase deficient mouse, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 79, 49, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00130-3 Paech, 1997, Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites, Science, 277, 1508, 10.1126/science.277.5331.1508 Palmer, 1995, Novel sequence determinants in peroxisome proliferator signaling, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 16114, 10.1074/jbc.270.27.16114 Panter, 2004, Successful detection of (anti-)androgenic and aromatase inhibitors in pre-spawning adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) using easily measured endpoints of sexual development, Aquat. Toxicol., 70, 11, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.06.007 Pasmanik, 1985, Aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase in the teleost brain, spinal cord and pituitary gland, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 60, 244, 10.1016/0016-6480(85)90320-X Pasmanik, 1988, Changes in brain aromatase and 5alpha-reductase activities correlate significantly with seasonal reproductive cycles in goldfish (Carassius auratus), Endocrinology, 122, 1349, 10.1210/endo-122-4-1349 Pawlowski, 2004, Androgenic and estrogenic effects of the synthetic androgen 17alpha-methyltestosterone on sexual development and reproductive performance in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) determined using the gonadal recrudescence assay, Aquat. Toxicol., 68, 277, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.03.018 Pelissero, 1996, Effects of flavonoids on aromatase activity, an in vitro study, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 57, 215, 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00261-8 Pelissero, 1992, Steroids and “steroid-like” substances in fish diets, Aquaculture, 107, 283, 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90078-Y Pellegrini, 2005, Relationships between aromatase and estrogen receptors in the brain of teleost fish, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 142, 60, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.12.003 Pellegrini, 2007, Identification of aromatase-positive radial glial cells as progenitor cels in the ventricular layer of the forebrain in zebrafish, J. Comp. Neurol., 501, 150, 10.1002/cne.21222 Peters, 1997, Role of PPAR alpha in the mechanism of action of the nongenotoxic carcinogen and peroxisome proliferator Wy-14,643, Carcinogenesis, 18, 2029, 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2029 Peterson, 2004, Radial glia express aromatase in the injured zebra finch brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 475, 261, 10.1002/cne.20157 Piferrer, 2001, Endocrine sex control strategies for the feminization of teleost fish, Aquaculture, 197, 229, 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00589-0 Piferrer, 2005, Genetic, endocrine, and environmental components of sex determination and differentiation in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 142, 102, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.011 Piferrer, 1994, Brief treatment with an aromatase inhibitor during sex differentiation causes chromosomally female salmon to develop as normal, functional males, J. Exp. Zool., 270, 255, 10.1002/jez.1402700304 Planas, 2000, Regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during sexual maturation in salmonid fish, Biol. Reprod., 62, 1262, 10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1262 Planas, 1997, Stimulation of brook trout ovarian steroidogenesis by gonadotropins I and II is mediated by the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway, Biol. Reprod., 57, 647, 10.1095/biolreprod57.3.647 Pocar, 2005, Molecular interactions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its biological and toxicological relevance for reproduction, Reproduction, 129, 379, 10.1530/rep.1.00294 Poland, 1982, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: examination of the mechanism of toxicity, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 22, 517, 10.1146/annurev.pa.22.040182.002505 Porter, 1997, Functional synergy between the transcription factor Sp1 and the estrogen receptor, Mol. Endocrinol., 11, 1569, 10.1210/me.11.11.1569 Porter, 1996, Role of estrogen receptor/Sp1 complexes in estrogen-induced heat shock protein 27 gene expression, Mol. Endocrinol., 10, 1371, 10.1210/me.10.11.1371 Prasch, 2006, Identification of zebrafish ARNT1 homologs: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlrodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in the developing zebrafish requires ARNT1, Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 776, 10.1124/mol.105.016873 Prasch, 2003, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 mediates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin developmental toxicity in zebrafish, Toxicol. Sci., 76, 138, 10.1093/toxsci/kfg202 Qin, 1999, Transcriptional activation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 by 17{beta}-estradiol in MCF-7 cells: role of estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes, Endocrinology, 140, 2501, 10.1210/en.140.6.2501 Quesada, 2002, Low doses of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A and the native hormone 17beta-estradiol rapidly activate the transcription factor CREB, FASEB J., 16, 1671, 10.1096/fj.02-0313fje Rakic, 1978, Neuronal migration and contact guidance in the primate telencephalon, Postgrad. Med. J., 54, 25 Razandi, 1999, Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: studies of ER{alpha} and ER{beta} expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells, Mol. Endocrinol., 13, 307, 10.1210/me.13.2.307 Reddy, 2001, Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: an adaptive metabolic system, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 21, 193, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.193 Remage-Healey, 2004, Rapid, hierarchical modulation of vocal patterning by steroid hormones, J. Neurosci., 24, 5892, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1220-04.2004 Ricci, 1999, ECC-1 human endometrial cells as a model system to study dioxin disruption of steroid hormone function, In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim., 35, 183, 10.1007/s11626-999-0025-5 Riccio, 1999, Mediation by a CREB family transcription factor of NGF-dependent survival of sympathetic neurons, Science, 286, 2358, 10.1126/science.286.5448.2358 Richards, 1994, Hormonal control of gene expression in the ovary, Endocr. Rev., 15, 725, 10.1210/edrv-15-6-725 Rodriguez, 2005, Hypothalamic tanycytes: a key component of brain-endocrine interaction, Int. Rev. Cytol., 247, 89, 10.1016/S0074-7696(05)47003-5 Ronis, 1996, The metabolism of testosterone by the periwinkle (Littorina littorea) in vitro and in vivo: effects of tributyltin, Mar. Environ. Res., 42, 161, 10.1016/0141-1136(95)00069-0 Roselli, 1995, Subcellular localization and kinetic properties of aromatase activity in rat brain, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 52, 469, 10.1016/0960-0760(94)00192-O Rosen, 2001, PPARgamma: a nuclear regulator of metabolism, differentiation, and cell growth, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 37731, 10.1074/jbc.R100034200 Rothbard, 1987, Changes in steroid concentrations during sexual ontogenesis in Tilapia, Aquaculture, 61, 59, 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90338-3 Rowe, 1997, Retinoid X receptors, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 29, 275, 10.1016/S1357-2725(96)00101-X Rubin, 2002, Ligands for the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the retinoid X receptor inhibit aromatase cyctochrome P450 (CYP19) expression mediated by promoter II in human breast adipose, Endocrinology, 143, 2863, 10.1210/en.143.8.2863 Rubin, 2000, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} ligands inhibit estrogen biosynthesis in human breast adipose tissue: possible implications for breast cancer therapy, Cancer Res., 60, 1604 Ryan, 2002, Sex ratios of children of Russian pesticide producers exposed to dioxin, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 699, 10.1289/ehp.021100699 Sadovsky, 1995, Mice deficient in the orphan receptor steroidogenic factor 1 lack adrenal glands and gonads but express P450 side-chain-cleavage enzyme in the placenta and have normal embryonic serum levels of corticosteroids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 29, 10939, 10.1073/pnas.92.24.10939 Sadovsky, 2000, Function of steroidogenic factor 1 during development and differentiation of the reproductive system, Rev. Reprod., 5, 136, 10.1530/ror.0.0050136 Safe, 1998, Ah receptor agonists as endocrine disruptors: antiestrogenic activity and mechanisms, Toxicol. Lett., 343, 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00331-2 Safe, 1994, Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs)—environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 24, 87, 10.3109/10408449409049308 Saitoh, 2001, Tributyltin or triphenyltin inhibits aromatase activity in the human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 289, 198, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5952 Sak, 2004, Nongenomic efects of 17beta-estradiol—diversity of membrane binding sites, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 88, 323, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.01.004 Salmon, 1985, Human chorionic gonadotrophin and immature fish ovary: characterization and mechanism of the in vitro stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 58, 101, 10.1016/0016-6480(85)90141-8 Sanderson, 2002, Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 182, 44, 10.1006/taap.2002.9420 Santos, 2006, Estrogens counteract the masculinizing effect of tributyltin in zebrafish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., C, 142, 151 Sawyer, 2006, Real-time PCR analysis of cytochrome P450 aromatase expression in zebrafish: gene specific tissue distribution, sex differences, developmental programming, and estrogen regulation, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 147, 108, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.010 Schartl, 2004, Sex chromosome evolution in non-mammalian vertebrates, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 14, 634, 10.1016/j.gde.2004.09.005 Schlinger, 1999, Aromatase activity in the hindbrain vocal control region of a teleost fish: divergence among males with alternative reproductive tactics, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., B, 266, 131, 10.1098/rspb.1999.0612 Schmidt, 1996, AH receptor signalling pathways, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, 55, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.55 Scholz, 2000, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol affects reproduction, sexual differentiation and aromatase gene expression of the medaka (Oryzias latipes), Aquat. Toxicol., 50, 363, 10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00090-4 Schoonjans, 1996, The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1302, 93, 10.1016/0005-2760(96)00066-5 Scott, 2002, CREB and the discovery of cognitive enhancers, J. Mol. Neurosci., 19, 171, 10.1007/s12031-002-0029-z Sebastian, 2001, A highly complex organization of the regulatory region of the human CYP19 (aromatase) gene revealed by the Human Genome Project, J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 86, 4600, 10.1210/jc.86.10.4600 Segner, 2003, Identification of endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates: report from the European IDEA project, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 54, 302, 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00039-8 Senthilkumaran, 1999, Distribution and seasonal variations in levels of three native GnRHs in the brain and pituitary of perciform fish, J. Neuroendocrinol., 11, 81, 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00304.x Sharpe, 2004, How strong is the evidence of a link between environmental chemicals and adverse effects on human reproductive health?, Br. Med. J., 328, 447, 10.1136/bmj.328.7437.447 Shayu, 2006, Expression of functional aromatase in the epididymis: Role of androgens and LH in modulation of expression and activity, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 249, 40, 10.1016/j.mce.2006.01.016 Shaywitz, 1999, CREB: A stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 68, 821, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.821 Shen, 1992, Protein-DNA interactions at a dioxin-responsive enhancer. Mutational analysis of the DNA-binding site for the liganded Ah receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 6815, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50499-9 Shilling, 1999, Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, as a model for aromatase inhibition, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 70, 89, 10.1016/S0960-0760(99)00090-4 Shimazaki, 2003, Tributylin causes masculinization in fish, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 141, 10.1002/etc.5620220118 Shinoda, 1995, Developmental defects of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and pituitary gonadotroph in the Ftz-F1 disrupted mice, Dev. Dyn., 204, 22, 10.1002/aja.1002040104 Shipley, 2005, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-independent activation of estrogen receptor-dependent transcription by 3-methylcholanthrene, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 213, 87, 10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.011 Simpson, 1994, Aromatase cytochrome-P450—structure, function and regulation, Faseb J., 8, A1241 Simpson, 1996, Estrogen biosynthesis in adipose tissue: Regulation by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms, J. Endocrinol., 150, S51 Simpson, 2002, Aromatase - a brief overview, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 64, 93, 10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081601.142703 Simpson, 1994, Aromatase cytochrome-P450, the enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis, Endocr. Rev., 15, 342 Slater, 1994, Plasma profiles of the sex steroids and gonadotropins in maturing female spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A, 109, 167, 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90323-9 Socorro, 2000, Two estrogen receptors expressed in the teleost fish, Sparus aurata: cDNA cloning, characterization and tissue distribution, J. Endocrinol., 166, 293, 10.1677/joe.0.1660293 Sohoni, 1998, Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens, J. Endocrinol., 158, 327, 10.1677/joe.0.1580327 Sone, 2002, Interaction between dioxin signaling and sex steroid hormones, J. Health Sci., 48, 385, 10.1248/jhs.48.385 Spence, 2006, Genetic analysis of male reproductive success in relation to density in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, Front. Zool., 3, 5, 10.1186/1742-9994-3-5 Steinkampf, 1987, Regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone of the synthesis of aromatase cytochrome P-450 in human granulosa cells, Mol. Endocrinol., 1, 465, 10.1210/mend-1-7-465 Strobl-Mazzulla, 2003, Neuroanatomical distribution and partial sequence of cDNA encoding brain cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450aromB) in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 0, 1 Strobl-Mazzulla, 2005, Brain aromatase from pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis): cDNA cloning, tissue expression, and immunohistochemical localization, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 143, 21, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.026 Struessmann, 2002, Morphology, endocrinology, and envrionmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 26, 13, 10.1023/A:1023343023556 Stuermer, 1992, Trying to understand axonal regeneration in the CNS of fish, J. Neurobiol., 23, 537, 10.1002/neu.480230508 Stunnenberg, 1993, Mechanisms of transactivation by retinoic acid receptors, Bioessays, 15, 309, 10.1002/bies.950150504 Sumpter, 1998, Xenoendocrine disrupters—environmental impacts, Toxicol. Lett., 337, 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00328-2 Sundaram, 2003, The role of maternal CREB in early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis, Dev. Biol., 261, 337, 10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00303-8 Sunobe, 2005, Aromatase immunoreactivity and the role of enzymes in steroid pathways for inducing sex change in the hermaphrodite gobiid fish Trimma okinawae, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A, 141, 54, 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.03.012 Suzuki, 2004, Expression of aromatase mRNA and effects of aromatase inhibitor during ovarian development in the medaka, Oryzias latipes, J. Exp. Zool., 301A, 266, 10.1002/jez.a.20027 Suzuki, 1988, Isolation and characterization of two distinct gonadotropins from chum salmon pituitary glands, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 71, 292, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90257-2 Suzuki, 1988, Steroidogenic activities of two distinct salmon gonadotropins, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 71, 452, 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90274-2 Swanson, 1995, DNA binding specificities and pairing rules of the Ah receptor, ARNT, and SIM proteins, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 26292, 10.1074/jbc.270.44.26292 Swanson, 1989, Gonadotropins I and II in juvenile coho salmon, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 7, 169, 10.1007/BF00004704 Swanson, 1991, Isolation and characterization of two coho salmon gonadotropins, GTH I and GTH II, Biol. Reprod., 44, 29, 10.1095/biolreprod44.1.29 Tan, 1986, The in vitro effects of cyclic nucleotides, cyanoketone, and cycloheximide on the production of estradiol-17 beta by vitellogenic ovarian follicles of goldfish (Carassius auratus), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 63, 110, 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90188-7 Tan, 2002, Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by aromatic hydrocarbons: role in the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) function, Biochem. Pharmacol., 64, 771, 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)01138-3 Tanaka, 1995, Structure and promoter analysis of the cytochrome P-450 aromatase gene of the teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), J. Biochem., 117, 719, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124768 Tanaka, 1992, Cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding P-450 aromatase (P450) from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary; relationship between the amount of P450arom mRNA and production of oestradiol-17beta in the ovary, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 53, 10.1677/jme.0.0080053 Tanguay, 1999, Cloning and characterization of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1444, 35, 10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00252-8 Tanguay, 2000, Identification and expression of alternatively spliced aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) cDNAs from zebrafish with distinct functions, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1494, 117, 10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00225-6 Tchoudakova, 1998, Identification of multiple cyp19 genes encoding different cytochrome P450 aromatase isozymes in brain and ovary, Endocrinology, 139, 2179, 10.1210/en.139.4.2179 Tchoudakova, 2001, Promoter characteristics of two cyp19 genes differentially expressed in the brain and ovary of teleost fish, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 78, 427, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00120-0 Tchoudakova, 1999, Molecular cloning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, Carassius auratus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 113, 388, 10.1006/gcen.1998.7217 Teraoka, 2003, Induction of cytochrome P450 1A is required for circulation failure and edema by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in zebrafish, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 304, 223, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00576-X Thompson, 1974, Utilization of oxygen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by human placental microsomes during aromatization of androstenedione, J. Biol. Chem., 249, 5364, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)79735-8 Tijet, 2006, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates distinct dioxin-dependent and dioxin-independent gene batteries, Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 140, 10.1124/mol.105.018705 Tingaud-Sequeira, 2004, Expression patterns of three estrogen receptor genes during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development: evidence for high expression in neuromasts, Gene Expr. Patterns, 4, 561, 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.02.002 Toft, 2004, Altered social behavior and sexual characteristics in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) living downstream of a paper mill, Aquat. Toxicol., 70, 213, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.09.002 Toft, 2003, Disturbed sexual characteristics in male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from a lake contaminated with endocrine disruptors, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 695, 10.1289/ehp.6022 Tong, 2001, Phylogeny, expression and enzyme activity of zebrafish cyp19 (P450 aromatase) genes, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 79, 299, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00146-7 Tong, 2003, Analysis of zebrafish cyp19 promoters, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 86, 381, 10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00347-9 Trant, 1994, Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) form of cytochrome P450 arom, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 95, 155, 10.1006/gcen.1994.1113 Trant, 2001, Developmental expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase genes (CYP19a and CYP19b) in zebrafish fry (Danio rerio), J. Exp. Zool., 290, 475, 10.1002/jez.1090 Trant, 1997, Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 61, 393, 10.1016/S0960-0760(97)80038-6 Trosken, 2004, Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans, Endocr. Res., 30, 387, 10.1081/ERC-200035093 Tsai, 2000, Effects of gonadal steroids on brain serotogenic and aromatase activity during the critical period of sexual differentiation in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, J. Neuroendocrinol., 49, 894 Turner, 2000, Effect of chronic administration of an aromatase inhibitor to adult male rats on pituitary and testicular function and fertility, J. Endocrinol., 164, 225, 10.1677/joe.0.1640225 Tzchori, 2004, Cloning and developmental expression of the cytochrome P450 aromatase gene (CYP19) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 138, 271, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.06.007 Uchida, 2004, An aromatase inhibitor or high water temperature induce oocyte apoptosis and depletion of P450 aromatase activity in the gonads of genetic female zebrafish during sex-reversal, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A., 137, 11, 10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00178-8 Valdez, 2004, Potential roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in female reproductive senescence, Reprod. Biol., 4, 243 Van den Berg, 1998, Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife, Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 775, 10.1289/ehp.98106775 Van den Bossche, 1978, Biochemical effects of miconazole on fungi. II. Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans, Chem. Biol. Interact., 21, 59, 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90068-6 Van Der Kraak, 1992, Mechanisms by which calcium ionophore and phorbol ester modulate steroid production by goldfish preovulatory ovarian follicles, J. Exp. Zool., 262, 271, 10.1002/jez.1402620306 Vinggaard, 2006, Prochloraz: an imidazole fungicide with multiple mechanisms of action, Int. J. Androl., 29, 186, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00604.x Vinggaard, 2000, Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro, Toxicol. In Vitro, 14, 227, 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00018-7 Vogel, 2003, Interaction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) with induced adipocyte differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) involves tyrosine kinase c-Src, Biochem. Pharmacol., 66, 1231, 10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00404-0 von Hofsten, 2002, Expression and regulation of fushi tarazu factor-I and steroidogenic genes during reproduction in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), Biol. Reprod., 67, 1297, 10.1095/biolreprod67.4.1297 von Hofsten, 2005, Novel steroidogenic factor-1 homolog (ff1d) is coexpressed with anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in zebrafish, Dev. Dyn., 233, 595, 10.1002/dvdy.20335 von Hofsten, 2005, Zebrafish sex determination and differentiation: involvement of FTZ-F1 genes, Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 3, 63, 10.1186/1477-7827-3-63 Wade, 2003, Estrogen activation of cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate response element-mediated transcription requires the extracellularly regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, Endocrinology, 144, 832, 10.1210/en.2002-220899 Wahli, 1995, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and more…, Chem. Biol., 2, 261, 10.1016/1074-5521(95)90045-4 Walker, 1996, Potency of a complex mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners compared to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in causing fish early life stage mortality, Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 30, 178, 10.1006/faat.1996.0054 Walker, 1991, Potencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, for producing early life stage mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquat. Toxicol., 21, 219, 10.1016/0166-445X(91)90074-J Wang, 1994, Lignans and flavonoids inhibit aromatase enzyme in human preadipocytes, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 50, 205, 10.1016/0960-0760(94)90030-2 Wang, 1998, Functional and physical interactions between the estrogen receptor Sp1 and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes, Nucl. Acids Res., 26, 3044, 10.1093/nar/26.12.3044 Watanabe, 1999, Medaka (Oryzias latipes) FTZ-F1 potentially regulates the transcription of P-450 aromatase in ovarian follicles: cDNA cloning and functional characterization, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 149, 221, 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00006-4 Webb, 1995, Tamoxifen activation of the estrogen receptor/AP-1 pathway: potential origin for the cell-specific estrogen-like effects of antiestrogens, Mol. Endocrinol., 9, 443, 10.1210/me.9.4.443 Webb, 1999, The estrogen receptor enhances AP-1 activity by two distinct mechanisms with different requirements for receptor transactivation functions, Mol. Endocrinol., 13, 1672, 10.1210/me.13.10.1672 Wentworth, 2004, Functional characterization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (zfAHR2) localization and degradation in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 1363, 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.12.002 Whitehead, 2006, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals as modulators of sex steroid synthesis, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 20, 45, 10.1016/j.beem.2005.09.003 Whitlock, 1996, Cytochromes P450 5: induction of cytochrome P4501A1: a model for analyzing mammalian gene transcription, FASEB J., 10, 809, 10.1096/fasebj.10.8.8666157 Wibbels, 1994, Putative aromatase inhibitor induces male sex determination in a female unisexual lizard and a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination, J. Endocrinol., 141, 259, 10.1677/joe.0.1410295 Wilson, 2005, Characterization of a cetacean aromatase (CYP19) and the phylogeny and functional conservation of vertebrate aromatase, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 140, 74, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.10.004 Wolf, 2006, Is 9-cis-retinoic acid the endogenous ligand for the retinoic acid-X receptor?, Nutr. Rev., 64, 532, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00186.x Wong, 1996, Cloning and sequence analysis of the human gene encoding steroidogenic factor I, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 17, 139, 10.1677/jme.0.0170139 Wong, 2006, Molecular biology of ovarian aromatase in sex reversal: complementary DNA and 5′-flanking region isolation and differential expression of ovarian aromatase in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), Biol. Reprod., 74, 857, 10.1095/biolreprod.105.045351 Wormke, 2000, Crosstalk between estrogen receptor alpha and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells involves unidirectional activation of proteasomes, FEBS Lett., 478, 109, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01830-5 Wu, 2005, Current status of genetic and endocrine factor in the sex change of protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Teleostean), Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1040, 206, 10.1196/annals.1327.026 Xia, 2000, Phylogenetic sequence analysis, recombinant expression, and tissue distribution of a channel catfish estrogen receptor beta, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 118, 139, 10.1006/gcen.1999.7447 Yague, 2006, Aromatase expression in the human temporal cortex, Neuroscience, 138, 389, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.054 Yamamoto, 1953, Artificially induced sex change in genotypic males of the medaka (Oryzias latipes), J. Exp. Zool., 123, 571, 10.1002/jez.1401230309 Yan, 1992, A two-receptor model for salmon gonadotropins (GTH I and GTH II), Biol. Reprod., 47, 418, 10.1095/biolreprod47.3.418 Yanase, 2001, Regulation of aromatase by nuclear receptors, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 79, 187, 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00161-3 Yeoh, 1996, In vivo steroid metabolism in embryonic and newly hatched steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 102, 197, 10.1006/gcen.1996.0061 Yoshiura, 2003, Synergistic expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 and cytochrome P-450 aromatase (ovarian type) in the ovary of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, during vitellogenesis suggests transcriptional interaction, Biol. Reprod., 68, 1545, 10.1095/biolreprod.102.010843 You, 2004, Steroid hormone biotransformation and xenobiotic induction of hepatic steroid metabolizing enzymes, Chem. Biol. Interact., 147, 233, 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.01.006 Zabel, 1995, Toxic equivalency factors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran and biphenyl congeners based on early life stage mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquat. Toxicol., 31, 315, 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00075-2 Zabel, 1996, Relative potencies of individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dinbenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners and congener mixtures based on induction of cytochrome P4501A mRNA in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG-2), Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 2310, 10.1002/etc.5620151229 Zarn, 2003, Azole fungicides affect mammalian steroidogenesis by inhibiting sterol 14alpha-demethylase and aromatase, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 255, 10.1289/ehp.5785 Zerulla, 2002, Morphological sex reversal upon short-term exposure to endocrine modulators in juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Toxicol. Lett., 131, 51, 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00070-X Zhang, 2004, Two distinct cytochrome P450 aromatases in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): cDNA cloning and differential mRNA expression, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 92, 39, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.05.010 Zhao, 2001, Different catalytic properties and inhibitor responses of the goldfish brain and ovary aromatase isozymes, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 123, 180, 10.1006/gcen.2001.7661 Zhu, 2003, The presence of 17-beta estradiol in Mytilus edulis gonadal tissues: evidence for estradiol isoforms, Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett., 24, 137 Zupanc, 2005, Proliferation, migration, neuronal differentiation and long-term survival of new cells in the adult zebrafish brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 488, 290, 10.1002/cne.20571