Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Dinantian brachiopods: Paleoenvironmental implications for the Lower Carboniferous of western Europe

Aharon, 1985, Carbon isotope record of late Quaternary coral reefs: possible index of sea surface paleoproductivity, Geophys. Monogr., 32, 343 Anderson, T.F., Arthur, M.A., 1983. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon and their application to sedimentologic and paleoenvironmental problems. In: Arthur, M.A., Anderson, T.F., Kaplan, I.R., Veizer, J., Land, L.S. (Eds.), Stable Isotopes in Sedimentary Geology. SEPM Short Course, 10: 1.1–1.151. Banner, 1990, Calculation of simultaneous isotopic and trace element variations during water–rock interaction with application to carbonate diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 3123, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90128-8 Barbin, 1995, Cathodoluminescence of recent articulate brachiopod shells — Implications for growth stages and diagenesis evaluation, GEOBIOS, M.S., 18, 39, 10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80151-0 Barbin, 1991, Cathodoluminescence of Recent biogenic carbonates: an environmental and ontogenetic fingerprint, Geol. Mag., 128, 19, 10.1017/S001675680001801X Brand, 1989, Aragonite–calcite transformation based on Pennsylvanian molluscs, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, 377, 10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0377:ACTBOP>2.3.CO;2 Brand, 1989, Biogeochemistry of Palaeozoic North American brachiopods and secular variation of seawater composition, Biogeochemistry, 7, 159, 10.1007/BF00004216 Brand, 1989, Global climatic change during the Devonian–Mississippian: Stable isotope biogeochemistry of brachiopods, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 75, 311, 10.1016/0031-0182(89)90192-2 Brand, 1993, Global perspective of Famennian–Tournaisian oceanography: Geochemical analysis of Brachiopods. In: Streel, M., Sevastopulo, G., Paproth, E. (Eds.), Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary, Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 115, 491 Brand, 1993, Paleoecology and biogeochemistry of brachiopods from the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary interval of the Griotte Formation, La Serre, Montagne Noire, France. In: Streel, M., Sevastopulo, G., Paproth, E. (Eds.), Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary, Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 115, 497 Brand, 1980, Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system, 1. Trace elements, J. Sediment. Petrol., 50, 1219 Brand, 1981, Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system, 2. Stable Isotopes, J. Sediment. Petrol., 50, 987 Broecker, 1982, Ocean chemistry during glacial time, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 1689, 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90110-7 Bruckschen, 1992, Cement stratigraphy in Triassic and Jurassic limestones of the Weserbergland (northwestern Germany), Sediment. Geol., 81, 195, 10.1016/0037-0738(92)90070-8 Bruckschen, 1995, Diagenetic alteration of calcitic fossil shells: Proton microprobe (PIXE) as a trace element tool, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 104, 427, 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00424-6 Bruckschen, 1995, 87Sr/86Sr isotopic evolution of the Lower Carboniferous sea water: Dinantian of western Europe, Sediment. Geol., 100, 63, 10.1016/0037-0738(95)00103-4 Bruhn, 1994, Isotopic composition and diagenetic alteration of Lower Carboniferous shells: Constraints from proton microprobe (PIXE) trace element analysis, Mineral. Mag., 58, 128, 10.1180/minmag.1994.58A.1.70 Bruhn, 1995, Diagenetic history of sedimentary carbonates: Constraints from combined cathodoluminescence and trace element analyses by micro-PIXE, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B, 104, 409, 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00418-1 Carpenter, 1995, δ18O and δ13C values of modern brachiopod shells, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 3749, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00291-7 Chase, 1972, The oceans: Growth and oxygen isotope evolution, Science, 177, 992, 10.1126/science.177.4053.992 Claoué-Long, J.C., Roberts, J., Jones, P.J., 1993. Carboniferous Time. IUGS (Int. Union Geol. Sci.) Comm. Stratigr., Subcomm. on Carboniferous Stratigr. (SCCS), Early Carboniferous Stratigr. Meet., Prog. Abstr., Liège, 1993. CLIMAP Project Members, 1976. The surface of the Ice-Age Earth. Science 191, 1131–1137. Coleman, 1989, Determination of both chemical and stable isotope composition in milligramme-size carbonate samples, Sediment. Geol., 65, 233, 10.1016/0037-0738(89)90025-0 Conil, 1990, Carboniferous guide foraminifera, corals and conodonts in the Franco-Belgian Basins: Their potential for widespread correlation. In: Brenckle, P.L., Manger, W.L. (Eds.), International Correlation and Division of the Carboniferous System, Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 130, 15 Crowley, 1993, Milankovitch cycles and Carboniferous climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1175, 10.1029/93GL01119 Demanet, 1958, Contribution à l'étude du Dinantian de la Belgique, Mém. Inst. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 141, 5 Diener, 1996, Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian: Brachiopods and conodonts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 639, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00409-2 Emiliani, 1974, The Brunhes epoch: Isotopic paleotemperatures and geochronology, Science, 138, 511, 10.1126/science.183.4124.511 Epstein, 1953, Revised carbonate–water isotopic temperature scale, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 64, 1315, 10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[1315:RCITS]2.0.CO;2 Fairbanks, 1978, The marine oxygen isotope record in Pleistocene coral, Barbados, West Indies, Quat. Res., 10, 181, 10.1016/0033-5894(78)90100-X François, 1992, Modelling the Phanerozoic carbon cycle and climate: constraints from the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio of seawater, Am. J. Sci., 292, 81, 10.2475/ajs.292.2.81 Gregory, 1991, Oxygen isotope history of seawater revisited: timescales for boundary event changes in the oxygen isotope composition of seawater. In: Taylor, Jr., H.P., O'Neil, J.R., Kaplan, I.R. (Eds.), Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein, Geochem. Soc., Washington, DC, Spec. Publ., 3, 65 Gregory, 1981, An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail Ophiolite, Oman: evidence for δ18O buffering by deep (5 km) seawater–hydrothermal circulation at midocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2737, 10.1029/JB086iB04p02737 Gross, 1964, Variation in the 18O/16O and 13C/12C ratios of diagenetically altered limestones from the Bermuda Islands, J. Geol., 72, 170, 10.1086/626975 Grossman, 1994, The carbon and oxygen isotope record during the evolution of Pangea — Carboniferous to Triassic. In: Klein, G.D. (Ed.), Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 288, 207, 10.1130/SPE288-p207 Grossman, 1991, Stable-isotope stratigraphy of brachiopods from Pennsylvanian shales in Texas, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 103, 953, 10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0953:SISOBF>2.3.CO;2 Grossman, 1993, Stable isotopes in late Pennsylvanian brachiopods from the United States: Implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105, 1284, 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1284:SIILPB>2.3.CO;2 Harland, W.B., Armstrong, R.L., Cox, A.V., Craig, L.E., Smith, A.G., Smith, D.G., 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 263 pp. Holland, H.D., 1984. The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ. Holmden, 1993, The 18O/16O ratio of 2-billion-year-old seawater inferred from ancient oceanic crust, Science, 259, 1733, 10.1126/science.259.5102.1733 Holser, 1994, Geochemical events in inorganic carbon isotopes. In: Buggisch, W. (Ed.), Geochemical event markers in the Phanerozoic, IGCP Project 293, Abstracts and Guidebook, Erlanger Geol. Abh., 122, 29 Hudson, 1989, Ocean temperatures and isotopic compositions through time, Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci., 80, 183, 10.1017/S0263593300028625 Klein, 1994, Introduction: Project Pangea and workshop recommendations. In: Klein, G.D. (Ed.), Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent, Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap., 288, 1, 10.1130/SPE288-p1 Ku, 1992, Carbon isotopic variations on glacial-to-interglacial time scales in the ocean: modeling and implications, Paleoceanography, 7, 543, 10.1029/92PA01760 Kump, 1989, Alternative modeling approaches to the geochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur and strontium isotopes, Am. J. Sci., 289, 390, 10.2475/ajs.289.4.390 Kump, 1986, Modeling atmospheric O2 in the global sedimentary redox cycle, Am. J. Sci., 290, 977 Lohmann, 1989, The δ18O record of the Phanerozoic abiotic marine calcite cements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 319, 10.1029/GL016i004p00319 Lowenstam, 1961, Mineralogy, O-18/O-16 ratios, and strontium and magnesium contents of recent and fossil brachiopods an their bearing on the history of oceans, J. Geol., 69, 241, 10.1086/626740 Magaritz, 1990, Carbon isotope shifts in Pennsylvanian seas, Am. J. Sci., 290, 977, 10.2475/ajs.290.9.977 Marshall, 1992, Climatic and oceanographic isotopic signals from the carbonate rock record and their preservation, Geol. Mag., 192, 143, 10.1017/S0016756800008244 McArthur, 1994, Recent trends in strontium isotope stratigraphy, Terra Nova, 6, 331, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1994.tb00507.x McConnaughey, 1989, 13C and 18O isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates, I. Patterns, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 151, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90282-2 McConnaughey, 1989, 13C and 18O isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates, II. In vitro simulation of kinetic isotope effects, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 163, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90283-4 Mii, H.-s., Grossman, E.L., Yancey, T.E., 1995. Early Carboniferous paleoenvironmental changes: The stable carbon and oxygen isotope record in brachiopod shells from North America. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Prog. 27, 157. Morrison, 1986, Geochemistry of recent marine invertebrates, Geosci. Can., 13, 237 Muchez, P., 1988. Sedimentologische, diagenetische en geochemische studie van de Dinantian strata ten noorden van het Brabant Massief (Bekken van de Kempen). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Leuven, Leuven, 311 pp. Muchez, Ph., Viaene, W., Wolf, M., Bouckaert, J., 1987. Sedimentology, coalification pattern and paleogeography of the Campine–Brabant Basin during the Visean. Geol. Mijnbouw 66, 313–327. Muehlenbachs, 1976, Oxygen isotope composition of the oceanic crust and its bearing on seawater, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4365, 10.1029/JB081i023p04365 Paproth, 1983, Bio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Dinantian in Belgium — A review, Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 106, 185 Pitman, 1983, The effect of sea-level change on the edge and slope of passive margins, SEPM Spec. Publ., 33, 41 Popp, 1986, Brachiopods as indicators of original isotopic compositions in some Paleozoic limestones, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 1262, 10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1262:BAIOOI>2.0.CO;2 Qing, 1994, Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician brachiopods: Implications for coeval seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 4429, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90345-X Railsback, 1990, Influence of changing deep ocean circulation on the Phanerozoic oxygen isotope record, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 1501, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90175-K Rao, C.P., 1991. Modern Carbonates: Tropical, Temperate, Polar. Printing Authority of Tasmania, Hobart, 206 pp. Ross, 1987, Late Paleozoic sea levels and depositional sequences, Cushman Found. Foraminiferal Res., Spec. Publ., 24, 137 Ross, 1988, Late Paleozoic transgressive–regressive deposition. In: Wilgus, K.C., Hastings, B.S., Kendall, C.G.St.C., Posamentier, H.W., Ross C.A., Van Wagoner, J.C. (Eds.), Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach, SEPM, Spec. Publ., 42, 227 Rush, 1990, Fabric retentive, non luminescent brachiopods as indicators of original δ13C and δ18O composition, J. Sediment. Petrol., 60, 968 Sando, 1990, Global Mississippian coral zonation. In: Brenkle, P.L., Manger, W.L. (Eds.), International Correlation and Division of the Carboniferous System, Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 130, 173 Schidlowski, M., Aharon, P., 1992. Carbon cycle and carbon isotope record: Geochemical impact of life over 3.8 Ga of Earth history. In: Schidlowski, M., et al. (Eds.), Early Organic Evolution: Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources. Springer, Berlin, pp. 147–175. Scotese, C.R., MacKinnon, D.L., Marlatt, J.R., Reilly, W.J., Smith, A.G., Stanford, B.D., 1994. Continental Drift, 6th ed. The PALEOMAP Project, 75 pp. Shackleton, N.J., 1977. Carbon-13 in Uvigerina: tropical rainforest history and the equatorial Pacific carbonate dissolution cycle. In: Andersen, N.R., Malahoff, A. (Eds.), The Fate of Fossil Fuel CO2 in the Oceans. Plenum, New York, pp. 401–421. Shackleton, 1975, Palaotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the indication of Antarctic glaciation: Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis in DSDP Sites 277, 279, 281, Init. Rep. DSDP, 29, 743 Vail, 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sealevel, AAPG Mem., 26, 49 Veevers, 1987, Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive–regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 98, 475, 10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98<475:LPGEIG>2.0.CO;2 Veizer, J., 1983. Chemical diagenesis of carbonates: Theory and application of trace element technique. In: Arthur, M.A., Anderson, T.F., Kaplan, I.R., Veizer, J., Land, L.S. (Eds.), Stable Isotopes in Sedimentary Geology. SEPM Short Course, 10: 3/1–3/100. Veizer, J., 1995. Reply to comments by L.S. Land on “Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician brachiopods: Implications for coeval seawater: Discussion”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2845–2846. Veizer, 1986, Geochemistry of brachiopods: oxygen and carbon isotopic records of Paleozoic oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1679, 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90130-4 Veizer, J., Bruckschen, P., Pawellek, F., Diener, A., Podlaha, O.G., Jasper, T., Korte, C., Strauss, H., Azmy, K., Ala, D., 1997. Oxygen isotope evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 132, 169–182. Wachter, 1985, Exchange of oxygen isotopes in carbon dioxide–phosphoric acid systems, Chem. Geol., 52, 365 Wadleigh, 1992, 18O/16O and 13C/12C in Lower Paleozoic articulate brachiopods: implication for the isotopic composition of seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 431, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90143-7 Wagner, 1994, General overview of Carboniferous stratigraphy, Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg., 116, 163 Walker, 1989, Why the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater changes with time, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 323, 10.1029/GL016i004p00323 Wefer, 1991, Isotope paleontology: growth and composition of extant calcareous species, Mar. Geol., 100, 207, 10.1016/0025-3227(91)90234-U Williams, D.F., 1984. Correlation of Pleistocene marine sediments of the Gulf of Mexico and other basins using oxygen isotope stratigraphy. In: Healy, J., Wiliams, D.F. (Eds.), Principles of Pleistocene Stratigraphy Applied to the Gulf of Mexico. International Human Resources Development Corporation, Boston, MA, pp. 65–118. Ziegler, P.A., 1989. Evolution of Laurussia. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 102 pp.