The trace fossil Circulichnis as a record of feeding exploration: New data from deep-sea Oligocene–Miocene deposits of northern Italy

Aceñolaza, 2007, Insights in the Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian transition of NW Argentina: facies, environments and fossils in the proto-margin of western Gondwana, 1 Artoni, 1999, 1 Avanzini, 2011, Ichnosystematics of the Lower Permian invertebrate traces from the Collio and Mt. Luco Basins (North Italy), Ichnos, 18, 95, 10.1080/10420940.2011.573604 Bekker, 2013, Ichnofossils–A new paleontological object in in the Late Precambrian stratotype of the Urals, Litosfera, 1, 52 Bellinzona, 1971 Bertling, 2006, Names for trace fossils: a uniform approach, Lethaia, 39, 265, 10.1080/00241160600787890 Bhatt, 2016, Depositional environment of Himmatnagar Sandstone (Lower/middle Cretaceous): a perspective, The Palaeobotanist, 65, 67 Blisset, 2004, Soft-sediment ichnotaxa from the Cenozoic White Limestone Group, Jamaica, West Indies. Scripta Geol., 127, 341 Buatois, 1993, Trace fossils from a Carboniferous turbiditic lake: implications for the recognition of additional nonmarine ichnofacies, Ichnos, 2, 237, 10.1080/10420949309380098 Buatois, 1995, The paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance of the lacustrine Mermia ichnofacies: an archetypical subaqueous nonmarine trace fossil assemblage, Ichnos, 4, 151, 10.1080/10420949509380122 Buatois, 1998, Trace fossil analysis of lacustrine facies and basins, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 140, 367, 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00020-0 Buatois, 2003, Caracterización icnológica y paleoambiental de la localidad tipo de Orchesteropus atavus Frenguelli, Huerta de Huachi, provincia de San Juan, Argentina, Ameghiniana, 40, 53 Buatois, 2003, La icnofauna de la Formación Puncoviscana en el noroeste argentino: la colonización de fondos oceánicos y reconstrucción de paleoambientes y paleoecosistemas de la transición precámbrica-cámbrica, Ameghiniana, 40, 103 Buatois, 2004, Animal-substrate interactions in freshwater environments: applications of ichnology in facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis of fluvio-lacustrine successions, 311 Buatois, 2007, Invertebrate ichnology of continental freshwater environments, 285 Buatois, 2012, Ichnology of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Puncoviscana Formation of Northwest Argentina): Recent progress in understanding its potential in paleoecology and macroevolution, 27 Buatois, 2001, A diverse deep-marine ichnofauna from the Eocene Tarcau Sandstone of the eastern Carpathians, Ichnos, 8, 23, 10.1080/10420940109380172 Buatois, 1998, Allostratigraphic and sedimentologic applications of trace fossils to the study of incised estuarine valleys: an example from the Virgilian Tonganoxie Sandstone Member of eastern Kansas, Curr. Res. Earth Sci. Kansas Geol. Surv. Bull., 241, 1 Buatois, 1998, Ichnology of an Upper Carboniferous fluvio-estuarine paleovalley: the Tonganoxie Sandstone, Buildex quarry, eastern Kansas, USA, J. Paleontol., 72, 152, 10.1017/S0022336000024094 Buatois, 2006, Extreme freshwater release during the late Paleozoic Gondwana deglaciation and its impact on coastal ecosystems, Geology, 34, 1021, 10.1130/G22994A.1 d’Atri, 1997, Oligo-Miocene tectonics of the Alto Monferrato stratigraphic succession (Tertiary Piedmont Basin) and of the northwestern part of the Voltri Group (Acqui Terme-Cassinelle, Al.), Atti Ticinesi Sci. Terra, 5, 85 Davies, 2010, Marine influence in the Upper Ordovician Juniata Formation (Potters Mills, Pennsylvania): Implications for the history of life on land, Palaios, 25, 527, 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-025r Emmons, 1844 Fang, 2000, Paleoenvironmental significance of trace fossils in tempestite of Qilang Fm (Middle Ordovician) of northwestern Tarim Basin in China, Acta Sed. Sinica, 18, 68 Fedonkin, 1988, Paleoichnology of the Precambrian-Cambrian transition in the Russian Platform and Siberia, 12 Feng, 2017, A Smithian (Early Triassic) ichnoassemblage from Lichuan, Hubei Province. South China: Implications for biotic recovery after the latest Permian mass extinction, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 483, 123, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.03.003 Fernandes, 1999, Conteúdo icnológico das formações do Ordoviciano-Devoniano da Bacia do Paraná, Brasil. Acta Geol. Leopold., 21, 191 Fernandes, 2002 Fillion, 1984, Systematic ichnology of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada, Maritime Sed. Atl. Geol., 20, 1 Fillion, 1990, Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada, Palaeontogr. Can., 7, 1 Gelati, 1968, Stratigrafia dell’Oligo-Miocene delle Langhe tra le valli dei fiumi Tanaro e Bormida di Spigno, Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 74, 865 Gelati, 1977, La succesione eo-oligocenica di Garbagna (Alessandria al margine orientale del Bacino Terziario Ligure-Piemontese), Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 83, 103 Gelati, 1993, Stratigrafia sequenziale della successione Oligo-Miocenica delle Langhe, Bacino Terziario Ligure-Piemontese, Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 98, 425 Gelati, 2018 Ghibaudo, 1985, Litostratigrafia, sedimentologia ed evoluzione tettonico-sedimetaria dei depositi miocenici del margine sud-orientale del Bacino terziario ligure-piemontese (Valli Borbera, Scrivia e Lemme), Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., 104, 349 Ghibaudo, 2014, Oligo-Miocene tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin southern margin, Roccaverano area–Langhe Sub-basin (NW Italy), J. Mediterr. Earth Sci., 6, 1 Gibson, 1989, Trace fossils from late Precambrian Carolina Slate Belt, south-central North Carolina, J. Paleont., 63, 1, 10.1017/S0022336000040889 Gureev, 1983, Kiltzovye bioglifi iz otlozheniya kalinovskoi serii venda pridniestrivia, Geol. Zh., 43, 130 Gureev, 1986, O perspiektivah paleoichnologitcheskogo metoda v stratigrafii, Tektonika i Stratigrafia, 27, 42 Hagadorn, 1990, Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin, United States, J. Paleontol., 74, 349, 10.1017/S0022336000031553 Häntzschel, 1975, Trace fossils and problematica, W1 Heezen, 1971 Hofmann, 1990, Computer simulation of trace fossils with random patterns, and the use of goniograms, Ichnos, 1, 15, 10.1080/10420949009386327 Hofmann, 1989, Trace fossils from the type “Etchemian Series” (Lower Cambrian Ratcliffe Brook Formation), Saint John area, New Brunswick, Canada. Geol. Mag., 126, 139, 10.1017/S0016756800006294 Jackson, 2016, Ichnology of a paleopolar, river-dominated, shallow marine deltaic succession in the Mackellar Sea: The Mackellar Formation (Lower Permian), central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 441, 266, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.07.010 Jensen, 2005, Trace fossil preservation and the early evolution of animals, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 220, 19, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2003.09.035 Jensen, 2002, A scratch circle origin for the medusoid fossil Kullingia, Lethaia, 35, 291, 10.1080/002411602320790616 Jumars, 2015, Diet of worms emended: an update of polychaete feeding guilds, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 7, 497, 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-020007 Kappel, 2003, Ichnofossilien im Campanium des SE-Münsterlands, Münster. Forsch. Geol. Paläont., 96, 1 Keighley, 1997, Systematic ichnology of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Carboniferous) of western Cape Breton Island, eastern Canada, 1. Burrows, pits, trails, and coprolites, Atl. Geol., 33, 181, 10.4138/2068 Khaidem, 2015, Attribute of trace fossils of Laisong flysch sediments, Manipur, India, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 124, 1085, 10.1007/s12040-015-0593-6 Kitchell, 1979, A multivariate approach to biofacies analysis of deep-sea traces from the Central Arctic, J. Paleontol., 53, 1045 Kitchell, 1978, Abyssal traces and megafauna: comparison of productivity, diversity and density in the Arctic and Antarctic, Paleobiology, 4, 171, 10.1017/S0094837300005844 Kim, 2002, Cretaceous nonmarine trace fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju Formations of the Namhae area, Kyongsangnamado, Southeast Korea, Ichnos, 9, 41, 10.1080/10420940216414 Knaust, 2014, Ichnodiversity and ichnoabundance: revealing depositional trends in a confined turbidite system, Sedimentology, 61, 2218, 10.1111/sed.12134 Li, 1993, Trace fossils and ichnofacies of Middle Ordovician Gongwusu Formation, Zhuozishan, Inner Mongolia, Acta Palaeontol. Sinica, 32, 88 Mángano, 1997, Tonganoxichnus, a new insect trace from the Upper Carboniferous of eastern Kansas, Lethaia, 30, 113, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1997.tb00451.x Marroni, 2018 Mayoral, 2004, Stranded jellyfish in the lowermost Cambrian (Corduban) of Spain, Rev. Esp. Paleontol., 19, 191 Mayoral, 2008, Medusas de l Cámbrico inferior de Constantina (Sevilla), 46 McCann, 1990, Distribution of Ordovician–Silurian ichnofossil assemblages in Wales–implications for Phanerozoic ichnofaunas, Lethaia, 23, 243, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1990.tb01451.x McCann, 1993, A Nereites ichnofacies from the Ordovician–Silurian Welsh Basin, Ichnos, 3, 39, 10.1080/10420949309386372 McCann, 1988, Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska, J. Paleontol., 62, 330, 10.1017/S0022336000059138 Metz, 2007, Late Triassic invertebrate trace fossils from lacustrine shoreline deposits, Smith Clark Quarry, Milford, New Jersey, Northeastern Geol. Environ. Sci., 29, 1 Mikuláš, 1992, Trace fossils from Early Silurian graptolitic shales of the Prague Basin (Czechoslovakia), Čas. Miner. Geol., 37, 219 Miller, 1993, Trace fossil zonation in Cretaceous turbidite facies, northern California, Ichnos, 3, 11, 10.1080/10420949309386370 Mutti, 1995, Il Bacino Terziario Epimesoalpino e le sue implicazioni sui rapporti tra Alpi ed Appennino, Mem. Sci. Geol., 47, 217 Narbonne, 1990, Ediacaran fossils from the Sekwi Brook area, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada, Palaeontology, 33, 945 Pickerill, 1999, The stratigraphic significance of trace fossils from the lower Paleozoic Baskahegan Lake Formation near Woodstock, west-central New Brunswick, Atl. Geol., 35, 205, 10.4138/2035 Pickerill, 1981, Observations on the ichnology of the Meguma Group (Cambro–Ordovician) of Nova Scotia, Mar. Sed. Atl. Geol., 17, 130 Pickerill, 1984, Middle Ordovician trace fossils in carbonates of the Trenton Group between Montreal and Quebec City, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada, J. Paleontol., 58, 416 Pickerill, 1988, Late Ordovician-Early Silurian trace fossils from the Matapedia Group, Tobique River, Western New Brunswick, Canada. II. Additional discoveries with descriptions and comments, Mar. Sed. Atl. Geol., 24, 139 Pickerill, 1996, Ichnology of the Pliocene Bowden Formation of southeastern Jamaica, Carib. J. Sci., 32, 221 Pieńkowski, 1986, Trace fossils from the Podhale Flysch Basin, Poland–an example of ecologically based lithocorrelation, Lethaia, 19, 53, 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1986.tb01900.x Sacco, 1888, Note di paleoichnologia italiana, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 31, 151 Solanki, 2015, Lithofacies and Ichnology of Jumara Formation of Bharasar Dome, Kachchh, Western India, J. Geosci. Res., 1, 29 Tchoumatchenco, 1999, Lower and Middle Jurassic flysch trace fossils from the eastern Stara Planina Mountains, Bulgaria: a contribution to the evolution of Mesozoic ichnodiversity, Neues Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 213, 169, 10.1127/njgpa/213/1999/169 Tian, 1999, Permian-Triassic trace fossils in the eastern Kunlun orogenic belt, China, Acta Sed. Sinica, 17, 361 Tunis, 1996, Ichnology of the Eocene flysch deposits in the Istria peninsula, Croatia and Slovenia, Ichnos, 5, 1, 10.1080/10420949609386403 Uchman, 1990, Trace fossils in the Eocene of the Nowy Sącz facies zone in Żeleźnikowa Wielka near Nowy Sącz (Magura Nappe, Outer Carpathians), Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 107 Uchman, 1991, Trace fossils of the Inoceramian beds and the Szczawnica Formation in the Krynica and Bystrzyca Zones of the Magura Nappe, Przegląd Geol., 39, 207 Uchman, 1992, Trace fossils of the Eocene thin- and medium-bedded flysch of the Bystrica Zone of the Magura Nappe in Poland, Przegląd Geol., 40, 430 Uchman, 2013, Scratch circles associated with the large foraminifer Bathysiphon from deep-sea turbiditic sediments of the Pagliaro Formation (Palaeocene), Northern Apennines, Italy, Sediment. Geol., 289, 115, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.02.006 Vialov, 1968, Materials and classification of traces of fossils and vital activity of organisms, Paleont Sb., 5, 125 Vialov, 1971, The rare Mesozoic problematica from Pamir and Caucasus, Paleont. Sb., 7, 85 Wetzel, 2007, A highly diverse ichnofauna in late Triassic deep-sea fan deposits of Oman, Palaios, 22, 567, 10.2110/palo.2006.p06-098r Yang, 1986, 143 Yang, 1985, Middle-Upper Triassic trace fossils from Zhada, Ngari, southwest Xizang (Tibet), and its geologic significance, Geol. Xizang (Tibet Geol.), 1, 1 Yang, 2004 Yeh, 1987, A deep-water trace fossil assemblage from Wheeler Gorge, Ventura County, California, 49 Young, 1985, Photographs of deep-sea Lebensspuren: a comparison of sedimentary provinces in the Venezuela Basin, Caribbean Sea. Mar. Geol., 68, 269, 10.1016/0025-3227(85)90016-7 Zhao, 2015, Early Triassic trace fossils from the Three Gorges area of South China: Implications for the recovery of benthic ecosystems following the Permian–Triassic extinction, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 429, 100, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.008