Gleason 6 Prostate Cancer: Translating Biology into Population Health

Gleason, 1966, Classification of prostatic carcinomas, Cancer Chemother Rep, 50, 125 Gleason, 1974, Prediction of prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical staging, J Urol, 111, 58, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59889-4 Murphy, 1979, A report of the workshops on the current status of the histologic grading of prostate cancer, Cancer, 44, 1490, 10.1002/1097-0142(197910)44:4<1490::AID-CNCR2820440444>3.0.CO;2-0 Amin, 1994, Analysis of cribriform morphology in prostatic neoplasia using antibody to high-molecular-weight cytokeratins, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 118, 260 Dong, 2012, Impact on the clinical outcome of prostate cancer by the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology modified Gleason grading system, Am J Surg Pathol, 36, 838, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182486faf Billis, 2008, The impact of the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference on standard Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in needle biopsies, J Urol, 180, 548, 10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.018 Epstein, 2005, The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 29, 1228, 10.1097/01.pas.0000173646.99337.b1 Algaba, 1996, Assessment of prostate carcinoma in core needle biopsy–definition of minimal criteria for the diagnosis of cancer in biopsy material, Cancer, 78, 376, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960715)78:2<376::AID-CNCR32>3.0.CO;2-R Ahmed, 2012, Do low-grade and low-volume prostate cancers bear the hallmarks of malignancy?, Lancet Oncol, 13, e509, 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70388-1 Hanahan, 2011, Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation, Cell, 144, 646, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 Albadine, 2009, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status in minute (minimal) prostatic adenocarcinoma, Mod Pathol, 22, 1415, 10.1038/modpathol.2009.121 Mehra, 2007, Heterogeneity of TMPRSS2 gene rearrangements in multifocal prostate adenocarcinoma: molecular evidence for an independent group of diseases, Cancer Res, 67, 7991, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2043 Cuzick, 2012, Prognostic value of a cell cycle progression signature for prostate cancer death in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort, Br J Cancer, 106, 1095, 10.1038/bjc.2012.39 Rubin, 2005, Decreased alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase expression in localized prostate cancer is associated with an increased rate of biochemical recurrence and cancer-specific death, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, 1424, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0801 Bostwick, 2007, Glutathione S-transferase: differential expression of alpha, mu, and pi isoenzymes in benign prostate, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma, Hum Pathol, 38, 1394, 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.02.008 Lotan, 2014, PTEN loss is associated with upgrading of prostate cancer from biopsy to radical prostatectomy, Mod Pathol, 28, 128, 10.1038/modpathol.2014.85 Esserman, 2013, Overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer: an opportunity for improvement, JAMA, 310, 797, 10.1001/jama.2013.108415 Ross, 2012, Do adenocarcinomas of the prostate with Gleason score (GS) ≤6 have the potential to metastasize to lymph nodes?, Am J Surg Pathol, 36, 1346, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182556dcd Stark, 2009, Gleason score and lethal prostate cancer: does 3 + 4 = 4 + 3?, J Clin Oncol, 27, 3459, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.4669 Thong, 2008, A single microfocus (5% or less) of Gleason 6 prostate cancer at biopsy–can we predict adverse pathological outcomes?, J Urol, 180, 2436, 10.1016/j.juro.2008.08.027 Etzioni, 2013, Limitations of basing screening policies on screening trials: The US Preventive Services Task Force and Prostate Cancer Screening, Med Care, 51, 295, 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827da979 Haas, 2007, Needle biopsies on autopsy prostates: sensitivity of cancer detection based on true prevalence, J Natl Cancer Inst, 99, 1484, 10.1093/jnci/djm153 Brawley, 2012, Prostate cancer epidemiology in the United States, World J Urol, 30, 195, 10.1007/s00345-012-0824-2 Barocas, 2013, Association between race and follow-up diagnostic care after a positive prostate cancer screening test in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial, Cancer, 119, 2223, 10.1002/cncr.28042 Gornick, 2004, Associations of race, education, and patterns of preventive service use with stage of cancer at time of diagnosis, Health Serv Res, 39, 1403, 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00296.x Drazer, 2014, National trends in prostate cancer screening among older American men with limited 9-year life expectancies: evidence of an increased need for shared decision making, Cancer, 120, 1491, 10.1002/cncr.28600 Hugosson, 2010, Mortality results from the Göteborg randomised population-based prostate-cancer screening trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 725, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70146-7 Schröder, 2012, Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up, N Engl J Med, 366, 981, 10.1056/NEJMoa1113135 Xia, 2012, Prostate cancer mortality following active surveillance versus immediate radical prostatectomy, Clin Cancer Res, 18, 5471, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1502 Loeb, 2014, Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer, Eur Urol, 65, 1046, 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.062 Barocas, 2008, What percentage of patients with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate are candidates for surveillance? An analysis of the CaPSURE database, J Urol, 180, 1330, 10.1016/j.juro.2008.06.019 Welch, 2009, Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment after the introduction of prostate-specific antigen screening: 1986-2005, J Natl Cancer Inst, 101, 1325, 10.1093/jnci/djp278 Resnick, 2013, Long-term functional outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer, N Engl J Med, 368, 436, 10.1056/NEJMoa1209978 Sanda, 2008, Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors, N Engl J Med, 358, 1250, 10.1056/NEJMoa074311 Social Security Administration: Retirement & Survivors Benefits: Life Expectancy Calculator. Available at http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/population/longevity.html. Mohler, 2014, Prostate cancer, version 2.2014, J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 12, 686, 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0072 Walter, 2001, Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making, JAMA, 285, 2750, 10.1001/jama.285.21.2750 Carter, 2013, Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA Guideline, J Urol, 190, 419 Carroll, 2014, Prostate cancer early detection, version 1.2014. Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines, J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 12, 1211, 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0120 Stopiglia, 2010, Prostate specific antigen decrease and prostate cancer diagnosis: antibiotic versus placebo prospective randomized clinical trial, J Urol, 183, 940, 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.044 Vickers, 2011, An empirical evaluation of guidelines on prostate-specific antigen velocity in prostate cancer detection, J Natl Cancer Inst, 103, 462, 10.1093/jnci/djr028 Scosyrev, 2012, Prostate cancer in the elderly: frequency of advanced disease at presentation and disease-specific mortality, Cancer, 118, 3062, 10.1002/cncr.26392 Carlsson, 2014, Influence of blood prostate specific antigen levels at age 60 on benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening: population based cohort study, BMJ, 348, g2296, 10.1136/bmj.g2296 Schaeffer, 2009, Prostate specific antigen testing among the elderly–when to stop?, J Urol, 181, 1606, 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.117 Vickers, 2013, The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator and the relationship between prostate-specific antigen and biopsy outcome, Cancer, 119, 3007, 10.1002/cncr.28114 Ankerst, 2014, Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator 2.0 for the prediction of low- vs high-grade prostate cancer, Urology, 83, 1362, 10.1016/j.urology.2014.02.035 Nordström, 2014, Comparison between the four-kallikrein panel and Prostate Health Index for predicting prostate cancer, Eur Urol Parekh, 2014, A multi-institutional prospective trial in the USA confirms that the 4Kscore accurately identifies men with high-grade prostate cancer, Eur Urol Wei, 2014, Can urinary PCA3 supplement PSA in the early detection of prostate cancer?, J Clin Oncol, 32, 4066, 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.8505 Emberton M: PROMIS - Prostate MRI Imaging Study. Evaluation of multi-parametric magnetic imaging in the diagnosis and characterisation of prostate cancer (Trial ID: ISRCTN16082556, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16082556).