Battery electric propulsion: An option for heavy-duty vehicles? Results from a Swiss case-study

ABB Communications, 2013. Large-capacity, Flash-charging, Battery-powered Pilot bus takes to the Street. <http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/eae3e161cc498140c1257b7b00552bcd.aspx>. Adolf, J. et al., 2016. Diesel Oder Alternative Antriebe – Diesel Oder Alternative Antriebe – Womit Fahren Lkw Und Bus Morgen?. <https://www.shell.de/medien/shell-publikationen/shell-nutzfahrzeug-studie.html>. ARE, 2017. Perspektiven des schweizerischen personen- und güterverkehrs bis 2040. Technical Report. Arndt, W.-H., Döge, N., Marker, S., 2016. Elektrifizierungspotential kommerzieller Kraftfahrzeug-Flotten im Wirtschaftsverkehr als dezentrale Energie-Ressource in städtischen Verteilnetzen: komDRIVE. Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. BAFU, 2017. Entwicklung der Emissionen von Treibhausgasen seit 1990. <http://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/de/home/themen/klima/daten-indikatoren-karten/daten/treibhausgasinventar.html>. BFE, 2016. Schweizerische Elektrizitätsstatistik 2015/ Statistique suisse de l’ électricité 2015, Technical Report. <https://www.bundespublikationen.admin.ch/cshop_mimes_bbl/8C/8CDCD4590EE41EE79781873EBED9E3AB.pdf>. BFS, 2016, GTE, Technical Report. <https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/mobilitaet-verkehr/erhebungen/gte.assetdetail.7501.html>. Björnsson, 2015, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: How individual movement patterns affect battery requirements, the potential to replace conventional fuels, and economic viability, Appl. Energy, 143, 336, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.041 Björnsson, 2017, Electrification of the two-car household: PHEV or BEV?, Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol., 85, 363, 10.1016/j.trc.2017.09.021 Burón, 2004, Estimation of road transportation emissions in Spain from 1988 to 1999 using COPERT III program, Atmosph. Environ., 38, 715, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.020 Cai, 2012, Estimates of China’s national and regional transport sector CO2 emissions in 2007, Energy Policy, 41, 474, 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.008 Christensen, L., Kveiborg, O., Mabit, S.L., 2010. The market for electric vehicles – what do potential users want? In: 2010 12th World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR), pp. 1–25. E-Control, 2011. Gesamtaufbringung nach ENTSO-E 2010. Technical Report. <https://www.e-control.at/documents/20903/-/-/8c1acae6-16b1-40e8-bf86-96a3082e4e9f>. E-Control, 2016. Gesamtaufbringung nach ENTSO-E 2015. Technical Report. <https://www.e-control.at/documents/20903/26393/ENTSOE2015Gesamtjahr2016-04-04.pdf/e7e7eb5e-d947-45ce-9314-b8da5d13def8>. EC, 2017. Europe in figures: Eurostat yearbook. Publications office of the European Union, Luxembourg. EEA, 2008. Energy Efficiency. <https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ENVISSUENo12/page027.html>. E-FORCE ONE, 2017. <http://eforce.ch/>. EMOSS Full Electric Truck, 2017. <http://www.emoss.nl/en/electric-vehicles/full-electric-truck/>. Erdöl-Vereinigung, 2017. Erdöl-Vereinigung Jahresbericht 2016. Technical report. <https://www.erdoel.ch/de/publikationen/jahresbericht/jahresbericht-2016>. Falvo, M.C., Sbordone, D., Bayram, I.S., Devetsikiotis, M., 2014. EV charging stations and modes: International standards. In: 2014 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, pp. 1134–1139. Gassmann, F., Lutz, P., Elber, U., 2014. Annual Activity Report 2014. CCEM – Project Report 2014, pp. 17–20. Gnann, 2015, What is the market potential of plug-in electric vehicles as commercial passenger cars? A case study from Germany, Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ., 37, 171, 10.1016/j.trd.2015.04.015 Greaves, 2014, An empirical assessment of the feasibility of battery electric vehicles for day-to-day driving, Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract., 66, 226 Horni, A., Nagel, K., Axhausen, K.W., 2016. The Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MATSim. Ubiquity, London. Hornung, M., Isikveren, A.T., Cole, M., Sizmann, A., 2013. Ce-Liner – Case Study for eMobility in Air Transportation. In: 2013 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, Virginia, pp. 1–11. <http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2013-4302>. ITF, 2017. ITF Transport Outlook 2017. Technical Report. <http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/itf-transport-outlook-2017-9789282108000-en.htm>. Jakobsson, 2016, Are multi-car households better suited for battery electric vehicles? – Driving patterns and economics in Sweden and Germany, Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol., 65, 1, 10.1016/j.trc.2016.01.018 Kahn Ribeiro, S., Kobayashi, S., Beuthe, M., Gasca, J., Greene, D., Lee, D.S., Muromachi, Y., Newton, P.J., Plotkin, S., Sperling, D., Wit, R., Zhou, P.J., 2007. Transport and its infrastructure. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change, pp. 323–385. Keller, M., 2010. Pollutant Emissions from Road Transport, 1990 to 2035. BAFU (Bundesamt für Umwelt), p. 131. Khan, 2012, Predicting the market potential of plug-in electric vehicles using multiday GPS data, Energy Policy, 46, 225, 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.055 Liimatainen, 2010, Trends of energy efficiency in Finnish road freight transport 1995-2009 and forecast to 2016, Energy Policy, 38, 7676, 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.010 Lin, Z., 2017. The Energy Consumption and Cost Savings of Truck Electrification for Heavy-duty Vehicle Applications, vol. 495. Lukomskyj, B., 2003. Quantification of Greenhouse Gases Produced by the Road Transportation Sector in Alberta Using a Traffic Volume Methodology. Technical Report August. Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation. McKinnon, 2009, Measurement of CO2 emissions from road freight transport: a review of uk experience’, Energy Policy, 37, 3733, 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.007 Mercedes-Benz LKW Konfigurator – Actros, 2017. <https://toc.mercedes-benz.com/LKW_Konfigurator_TOC_de1/toc.dll?>. Mercedes-Benz Urban eTruck, 2017. <https://www.daimler.com/products/trucks/mercedes-benz/urban-etruck.html>. Messmer, A., Frischknecht, R., 2016. Umweltbilanz Strommix Schweiz 2014. treeze Ltd, Fair Life Cycle Thinking. Muncrief, R., Sharpe, B., 2015. Overview of the heavy-duty vehicle market and CO2 emissions in the European Union. International Council on Clean Transportation Working Paper (December), 1–14. Neubauer, 2014, The impact of range anxiety and home, workplace, and public charging infrastructure on simulated battery electric vehicle lifetime utility, J. Power Sources, 257, 12, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.075 Ozen, M., 2013. Estimation of Road Freight Transportation Emissions in Turkey (Ph.D. Thesis). MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY. Panasonic, 2012. Panasonic NCR18650A Data Sheet. Technical Report. Pearre, 2011, Electric vehicles: How much range is required for a day’s driving?, Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol., 19, 1171, 10.1016/j.trc.2010.12.010 Pickover, 1989, Circles which kiss: a note on osculatory packing, Comput. Graph., 13, 63, 10.1016/0097-8493(89)90039-3 Plotkin, S., Singh, M., 2009. Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study: Vehicle Characterization and Scenario Analyses. Argonne National Lab. Poulikakos, 2013, Heavy duty vehicles: impact on the environment and the path to green operation, Environ. Sci. Policy, 33, 154, 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.05.004 Rohner, H., 2004. MOFIS – das Motorfahrzeuginformationssystem der Eidgenössischen Fahrzeugkontrolle. <http://www.experience-online.ch/de/9-case-study/2023-mo?s>. Roper, D., 2016. Tesla Model S. <http://www.roperld.com/science/TeslaModelS.htm>. Röthlisberger, R., 2014. Faktenblatt CO2 -Emissionsfaktoren des Treibhausgasinventars der Schweiz. BAFU – Bundesamt für Umwelt – Abteilung Klima. Siemens, 2016. World’s First eHighway opens in Sweden. <https://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2016/mobility/pr2016060319moen.htm>. Silberholz, G., Six, C., Fredriksson, J., 2014. GRPE-HDH Research Project. <https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/18546752/HDH-17-07e.pdf?api=v2%0A>. Sklearn – Decision Tree Classifier, 2017. <http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/tree.html>. Terberg Yard/Port Tractor, 2017. <http://www.terbergbenschop.nl/en/products/tractors/yard-tractors/yt202-ev/>. Tesla Semi, 2017. <https://www.tesla.com/semi/>. Teter, J., 2016. Energy Technology Perpectives 2016 – Sustainable Transport in an era of Urbanization. Technical Report. IEA. <https://www.iea.org/media/workshops/2016/egrdtransportsystemsofthefuture/2EGRD_Teter_25_10_2016.pdf>. Van Noorden, 2014, A better battery, Nature, 507, 26, 10.1038/507026a Waraich, R.A., Georges, G., Galus, M.D., Axhausen, K.W., 2014. Adding Electric Vehicle Modeling Capability to an Agent-Based Transport Simulation. Weiss, 2014, Capturing the usage of the German car fleet for a one year period to evaluate the suitability of battery electric vehicles – a model based approach, Transp. Res. Procedia, 1, 133, 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.07.014 Willnow, K., 2013. Energy Efficiency Technologies ANNEX III Technical Report for Thermal Power Plants. WEC Knowledge Network (August). Yang, 2015, Characterization of road freight transportation and its impact on the national emission inventory in China, Atmosph. Chem. Phys., 15, 2105, 10.5194/acp-15-2105-2015