Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis causes rapid bone loss in mice

Bernstein, 2000, The incidence of fracture among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A population-based cohort study, Ann. Intern. Med., 133, 795, 10.7326/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00012 Bernstein, 2003, AGA technical review on osteoporosis in gastrointestinal diseases, Gastroenterology, 124, 795, 10.1053/gast.2003.50106 van Staa, 2003, Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of fracture, Gastroenterology, 125, 1591, 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.09.027 Gilbert, 2000, Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Endocrinology, 141, 3956, 10.1210/endo.141.11.7739 Harada, 2003, Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass, Nature, 423, 349, 10.1038/nature01660 Sylvester, 2002, Effect of Crohn's disease on bone metabolism in vitro: a role for interleukin-6, J. Bone. Miner. Res., 17, 695, 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.4.695 Moschen, 2005, The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss, Gut, 54, 479, 10.1136/gut.2004.044370 Collin-Osdoby, 2001, Receptor activator of NF-kappa B and osteoprotegerin expression by human microvascular endothelial cells, regulation by inflammatory cytokines, and role in human osteoclastogenesis, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 20659, 10.1074/jbc.M010153200 Vidal, 2004, Osteoprotegerin production by human intestinal epithelial cells: a potential regulator of mucosal immune responses, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol., 287, G836, 10.1152/ajpgi.00428.2003 Bernstein, 2005, Serum osteoprotegerin is increased in Crohn's disease: a population-based case control study, Inflamm. Bowel. Dis., 11, 325, 10.1097/01.MIB.0000164015.60795.ca Ashcroft, 2003, Colonic dendritic cells, intestinal inflammation, and T cell-mediated bone destruction are modulated by recombinant osteoprotegerin, Immunity, 19, 849, 10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00326-1 Lin, 1996, Colitis causes bone loss in rats through suppression of bone formation, Gastroenterology, 111, 1263, 10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8898640 Fries, 1994, Effect of experimental colitis on bone metabolism in the rat, Digestion, 55, 229, 10.1159/000201152 Cohen, 2004, Interleukin-10 knockout mouse: a model for studying bone metabolism during intestinal inflammation, Inflamm. Bowel. Dis., 10, 557, 10.1097/00054725-200409000-00009 Dresner-Pollak, 2004, Interleukin 10-deficient mice develop osteopenia, decreased bone formation, and mechanical fragility of long bones, Gastroenterology, 127, 792, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.013 Byrne, 2005, CD4+CD45RBHi T cell transfer induced colitis in mice is accompanied by osteopenia which is treatable with recombinant human osteoprotegerin, Gut, 54, 78, 10.1136/gut.2003.035113 Cooper, 1993, Clinicopathologic study of dextran sulfate sodium experimental murine colitis, Lab. Invest., 69, 238 Okayasu, 1990, A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice, Gastroenterology, 98, 694, 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90290-H Rachmilewitz, 2002, Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis, Gastroenterology, 122, 1428, 10.1053/gast.2002.32994 Dresner-Pollak, 2008, Human parathyroid hormone 1–34 prevents bone loss in experimental biliary cirrhosis in rats, Gastroenterology, 134, 259, 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.025 Alexander, 2001, Human parathyroid hormone 1–34 reverses bone loss in ovariectomized mice, J. Bone Miner. Res., 16, 1665, 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.9.1665 Parfitt, 1987, Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee, J. Bone Miner. Res., 2, 595, 10.1002/jbmr.5650020617 Blumberg, 1999, Animal models of mucosal inflammation and their relation to human inflammatory bowel disease, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 1, 648, 10.1016/S0952-7915(99)00032-1 Melgar, 2008, Validation of murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis using four therapeutic agents for human inflammatory bowel disease, Int. Immunopharmacol., 8, 836, 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.036 Karlsson, 2008, Dextran sulphate sodium induces acute colitis and alters hepatic function in hamsters, Int. Immunopharmacol., 8, 20, 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.007 Melgar, 2005, Acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium progresses to chronicity in C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice: correlation between symptoms and inflammation, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol., 288, G1328, 10.1152/ajpgi.00467.2004 Melgar, 2007, Mice with experimental colitis show an altered metabolism with decreased metabolic rate, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol., 292, G165, 10.1152/ajpgi.00152.2006 Hyams, 1997, Alterations in bone metabolism in children with inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro study, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 24, 289, 10.1097/00005176-199703000-00011 Croucher, 1993, Reduced bone formation in patients with osteoporosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, Osteoporos. Int., 3, 236, 10.1007/BF01623826 Uno, 2006, The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in down-regulation of osteoblast Phex gene expression in experimental murine colitis, Gastroenterology, 131, 497, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.020 Negri, 2004, Bone densitometry in a patient with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, J. Bone Miner. Metab., 22, 514, 10.1007/s00774-004-0516-0 Xiao, 1998, Intrinsic mineralization defect in Hyp mouse osteoblasts, Am. J. Physiol., 275, E700 Kumar, 2002, New insights into phosphate homeostasis: fibroblast growth factor 23 and frizzled-related protein-4 are phosphaturic factors derived from tumors associated with osteomalacia, Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 11, 547, 10.1097/00041552-200209000-00011 Bernstein, 2005, Maintenance infliximab treatment is associated with improved bone mineral density in Crohn's disease, Am. J. Gastroenterol., 100, 2031, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50219.x Yoshihara, 2006, Role of interleukin 15 in colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice, Gut, 55, 334, 10.1136/gut.2005.076000 Ogata, 1999, A novel role of IL-15 in the development of osteoclasts: inability to replace its activity with IL-2, J. Immunol., 162, 2754, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2754 Paganelli, 2007, Inflammation is the main determinant of low bone mineral density in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, Inflamm. Bowel. Dis., 13, 416, 10.1002/ibd.20039 Jahnsen, 2004, Bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based prospective two-year follow-up study, Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 39, 145, 10.1080/00365520310007873 Steiner, 2001, Influence of a low calcium and phosphorus diet on the anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone (1-38) in female rats, Bone, 29, 344, 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00506-3 Talbott, 1998, Dietary restriction of energy and calcium alters bone turnover and density in younger and older female rats, J. Nutr., 128, 640, 10.1093/jn/128.3.640