The C-Cr (Carbon-Chromium) System
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H. Moissan, “A Fast Preparation of Chromium and Manganese at High Temperature,”Compt. Rend. (Paris), 116(8), 349–351 (1893) in French. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
H. Moissan, “New Investigations Concerning Chromium,”Compt. Rend. (Paris), 119(3), 185–191 (1894) in French. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
H. Moissan, “Preparation of Chromium in an Electric Furnace,”Ann. Chim. Phys., 8, 559–570 (1896) in French. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
H. Moissan, “New Method for the Preparation of Carbides by Reacting Calcium Carbide with Oxides,”Compt. Rend. (Paris), 125(22), 839–844 (1897) in French. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
T. Murakami, “On the Structure of Iron-Carbon-Chromium Alloys,”Sci. Rep. Tôhuku Imp. Univ. 1, (7), 217–296 (1918). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
O. Ruff and T. Foehr, “Chromium and Carbon,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 104, 27–46 (1918) in German. (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental;)
K. Nischk, “Studies on the Reactions Between Metals or Metal Oxides and Carbon,”Z. Elektrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem., 29, 373–390 (1923) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
O. Ruff, “The Chromium-Carbon System,”Z. Electrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem., 29, 469–470 (1923) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
A. von Vegesack, “The Heterogeneous Liquidus-Solidus Equilibria in the Ternary System Iron-Chromium-Carbon,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 154, 30–60 (1926) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
A. Westgren and G. Phragmen, “X-Ray Analysis of the Chromium-Carbon System,”K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl, 2(5), 2–16 (1926) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
A. Westgren, G. Phragmen, and T.R. Negresco, “On the Structure of the Iron-Chromium-Carbon System,”J. Iron Steel Inst. (London), 117, 383–400 (1928). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
R. Kraiczek and F. Sauerwald, “The Chromium-Carbon System,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 185, 193–216 (1930) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
A. Westgren and G. Phragmen, “On the Chromium-Carbon System,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 187, 401–403 (1930) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
E. Friemann and F. Sauerwald, “The System Cr-C (and Fe-Cr-C),”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 203, 64–74 (1931) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
R. Schenck, F. Kurzen, and H. Wesselkock, “Carbide Studies by Means of the Methane Formation Method,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 203, 159–187 (1931) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
K. Hatsuta, “The Equilibrium Diagram of the Chromium-Carbon System,”Technol. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 10, 680–688 (1932). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental;)
K. Hellbom and A. Westgren, “The Crystal Structure of the Orthorhombic Chromium Carbide,”Sven. Kern. Tidskr., 45, 141–150 (1933) in Swedish. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
F. Sauerwald, W Teske, and G. Lempert, “Additional X-ray Studies of the System Cr-C and Fe-Si-P,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 210, 21–25 (1933) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
A. Westgren, “Crystal Structure and Composition of Cubic Chromium Carbide,”Jernkontorets Ann., 117, 501–512 (1933) in Swedish. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
A. Westgren, “The Crystal Structure and the Composition of the Trigonal Chromium and Manganese Carbides,”Jernkontorets Ann., 118, 231–240 (1935) in Swedish. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
W Crafts and J.L. Lamont, “Carbides in Isothermally Transformed Chromium Steels,”Trans AIME, 185, 957–967 (1949). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
D.S. Bloom and N.J. Grant, “The System Chromium-Carbon,”Trans. AIME, 188, 41–46 (1950). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental;)
J.F. Brown and D. Clark, “Identification and Crystal Habit of Chromium Carbide, Cr23C6, as Determined by Electron Diffraction,”Nature, 167, 728 (1951). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
W Epprecht, “Crystal Chemistry of the Metal Carbides and Their Significance in Physical Metallurgy,”Chimia, 5, 49–60 (1951) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
W Köster and S. Kabermann, “The Ternary System Nickel-Chromium-Carbon,”Arch. Eisenhüttenwes., 26, 627–630 (1955) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; )
L.Ya. Markovskii, N.V. Vekshina, and R.A. Shtrikhman, “Micromethod for the Determination of the Fusion Temperature of Highly Refractory Materials,”Ogneupory, 22, 42–46 (1957) in Russian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
W.H. Smith, “Solid Solubility of Carbon in Chromium,”Trans. AIME, 209, 47–49 (1957). (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
T.Ya. Kosolapova and G.V. Samsonov, “Preparation of Chromium Carbides,”Dop. Akad. Nauk Ukr. RSR, (3), 298–300(1959) in Ukrainian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
T.Ya. Kosolapova and G.V. Samsonov, “Preparation of the Highest Carbide of Chromium,”Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 32, 55–60 (1959) in Russian; TR:J. Appl. Chem. (USSR), 32, 55–60 (1959). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
T.Ya. Kosolapova and G.V. Samsonov, “Preparation of Chromium Carbide, Cr7C3,”Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 32, 1505–1509 (1959) in Russian; TR:J. Appl. Chem. (USSR), 32, 1539–1542 (1959). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
T.Ya. Kosolapova and G.V. Samsonov, “Preparation of the Lowest Chromium Carbide,”Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 33, 1704–1708 (1960) in Russian; TR:J. Appl. Chem. (USSR), 33, 1687–1690 (1960). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
D. Meinhardt and O. Krisement, “Structural Investigations of the Chromium Carbide Cr3C2 by means of Thermal Neutrons,”Z. Naturforsch. A, 15, 880–889 (1960) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
H. Lux and L. Eberle, “Concerning Chromium (II) Salts and Chromium (II) Oxide, III,”Chem. Ber., 94, 1562–1571 (1961) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
D. Meinhardt and O. Krisement, “Structural Investigations of Carbides of Iron, Tungsten, and Chromium by Means of Thermal Neutrons,”Arch Eisenhüttenwes., 33, 493–499 (1962) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
J.P. Bouchaud and R. Fruchart, “The Pseudohex-agonal Structure of the Manganese Carbide Mn7C3,”Compt. Rend. (Paris), 259, 160–161 (1964) in French. (Crys Structure; Experimental)
Z. Glowacki, H. Baer, and D. Senczyk, “Synthesis of Cr7C3,”Hutnik (Katowice), 31(5), 147–150 (1964) in Polish. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
P Stecher, F. Benesovsky, and H. Nowotny, “Investigations of the Chromium-Tungsten-Carbon System,”Planseeber. Pulvermetall., 12, 89–95 (1964) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
G. Monnier, R. Riviere, and M. Lassus, “Nature of Homogeneous Layers of Chromium Carbide and Mixed Iron-Chromium Carbides Obtained by Gaseous Cementation,”Compt. Rend. (Paris), 261(20), 4094–4096 (1965) in French. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
A.S. Bolgar, V.V. Fesenko, and S.P. Gordienko, “AStudy of the Evaporation and Thermodynamic Properties of Chromium Carbides,”Sov. PowderMetall. Met. Ceram., (2), 159–165 (1966). (Thermo; Experimental)
P. Ettmayer, “Contribution to the Chromium-Carbon-Nitrogen System,”Monatsh. Chem., 97(4), 1248–1257 (1966) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
V.V. Fesenko, A.S. Bolgar, and S.P. Gordienko, “Vaporization Rate, Vapor Pressure, Composition Discontinuity and Certain Thermodynamic Properties of Refractory Compounds at Temperatures up to 3000 °C,”Rev. Int. Hautes Temp. Réfract., 3 (3), 261–271 (1966) in French. (Thermo; Experimental)
J.P. Bouchaud, “Structure of Manganese Carbides,”Ann. Chim. (Paris), 2(6), 353–366 (1967) in French. (Crys Structure; Experimental)
R. Kieffer, P. Ettmayer, and T. Dubsky, “Contribution to the Chromium-Carbon-Nitrogen System,”Z. Metallkd., 58(8), 560–564 (1967) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
E. Rudy and J. Progulski, “A Pirani Furnace for the Precision Determination of the Melting Temperatures of Refractory Metallic Substances,”Planseeber. Pulvermetall., 15, 13–45 (1967).(Equi Diagram; Experimental)
E.K. Storms, “The Chromium-Chromium Carbide System,”The Refractory Carbides, Academic Press, New York, 102–121 (1967). (Equi Diagram; Review;)
S.V. Zemskii and A.P. Fokin, “Solubility of Carbon in Solid Chromium,”Zh. Fiz. Chim., 41(1), 93–97 (1967) in Russian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
B. Aronsson, T. Lundström, and I. Engström, “Some Aspects of the Crystal Chemistry of Borides, Boro-Carbides and Silicides of the Transition Metals,”Anisotropy in Single Crystal Refractory Compounds, I, F.W. Vahldiek and S.A. Mersol, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 3–22 (1968). (Crys Structure; Review)
A.E. Kovalskiy, A.I. Prikhna, E.A. Rybakova, I.I. Timofeyeva, and A.A. Shulzhenko, “Influence of High Pressure on the Structure and Hardness of Some High-Melting-Point Carbides,”Russ. Metall., 4, 149–150 (1968). (Pressure, Experimental)
S.V. Zemskii and A.P. Fokin, “Distribution and Solubility of Carbon in Iron, Chromium, and Iron- and Chromium-Base Alloys,”Sb. Tr. Tsentr. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Chern. Metall., 58, 96–106 (1968) in Russian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
D.J. Dyson and K.W. Andrews, “Carbide M7C3 and Its Formation in Alloy Steels,”J. Iron Steel Inst. (London), 207, 208–219 (1969). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
E. Rudy, “Ternary Phase Equilibria in Transition Metal-Boron-Carbon-Silicon System, Part V, Compendium of Phase Diagram Data,” Tech. Rep. AFML-TR-65-2, 29, 179–180 (1969). (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
A. Rouault, P. Herpin, and R. Fruchart, “A Crystallographic Study of the Carbides Cr7C3 and Mn7C3,”Ann. Chim. (Paris), 5(6), 461–470 (1970) in French. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
H. Tanaka, Y. Kishida, A. Yamaguchi, and J. Moriyama, “Thermodynamic Properties of the Chromium-Carbon System by Electromotive Force Measurements,”Nippon Kinzoku Gakkai-shi, 35(5), 523–527 (1971) in Japanese. (Thermo; Experimental)
Y.A. Chang and D. Naujock, “The Relative Stabilities of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and Cr3C2 and the Phase Relationships in the Ternary Cr-Mo-C System,”Metall. Trans., 3, 1693–1698 (1972). (Thermo; Theory)
A.D. Kulkarni and W.L. Worrell, “High-Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of the Chromium Carbides Determined Using the Torsion-Effusion Technique,”Metall. Trans., 3, 2363–2370 (1972). (Thermo; Experimental)
G. Pradelli, “Research on Chromium Borocarbides,”Metall. Ital., 66(10), 551–556 (1974) in Italian. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
H. Jehn, “Chromium,”Gase and Kohlenstoff in Metallen, E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt, Ed., Springer, Berlin, 521–534 (1976) in German. (Equi Diagram; Review)
W.M. Dawson and F.R. Sale, “Enthalpies of Formation of Chromium Carbides,”Metall. Trans. A, 8, 15–18 (1977). (Thermo; Experimental)
L. Kaufman and H. Nesor, “Coupled Phase Diagrams and Thermochemical Data for Transition Metal Binary Systems-IV,”Calphad, 2(4), 295–318 (1978). (Thermo; Theory;)
G. Pradelli, “On the Chromium-Boron-Carbon System,”Metall. Ital., 70(5), 223–226 (1978) in Italian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
A. Inoue, S. Sakai, H. Kimura, and T. Masumoto, “Crystallization Temperature and Hardness of New Chromium-Based Amorphous Alloys,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 20(5), 255–262 (1979). (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases; Experimental;)
A. Inoue and T. Masumoto, “Formation of Nonequilibrium Cr3C Carbide in Cr-C Binary Alloys Quenched Rapidly From the Melt,”Scr. Metall., 13, 711–715 (1979). (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental;)
E. Fromm and G. Hörz, “Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon in Metals,”Int. Met. Rev., (5–6), 269–311 (1980). (Equi Diagram; Review)
O. Knotek, E. Lugscheider, H. Reimann, and H.G. Sasse, “High-Temperature Differential Thermal Analysis Using Optical Temperature Measurements,”Metall (Berlin), 35, 130–132 (1981) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
M. Small and E. Ryba, “Calculation and Evaluation of the Gibbs Energies of Formation of Cr3C2, Cr7C3, and Cr23C6,”Metall. Trans. A, 12(8), 1389–1396 (1981). (Thermo; Theory)
F.R. de Boer, R. Boom, and A.R. Miedema, “Enthalpies of Formation of Liquid and Solid Binary Alloys Based on 3d Metals, II. Alloys of Chromium and Manganese,”Physica, 113B, 18–41 (1982). (Thermo; Theory)
R.G. Coltters and G.R. Belton, “High Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of the Chromium Carbides Cr7C3 and Cr3C2 Determined Using a Galvanic Cell Technique,”Metall. Trans. B, 15(9), 517–521 (1984). (Thermo; Experimental)
L. Kaufman, B. Uhrenius, D. Birnie, and K. Taylor, “Coupled Pair Potential Thermochemical and Phase Diagram Data for Transition Metal Binary Systems-VII,”Calphad, 8(1), 25–66 (1984). (Thermo; Theory)
I.P. Kushtalova, L.F. Stasyuk, S.M. Radic, D.R. Uskokovic, and M.M. Ristic, “Contact Interaction in the System-Diamond-Transition Metal,”Glas. Hem. Drus. Beograd., 49(11), 699–705 (1984) in Russian. (Pressure; Experimental)
L.B. Pankratz, J.M. Stuve, and N.A. Gokcen, “Thermodynamic Data for Mineral Technology,”U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 677 (1984). (Thermo; Compilation)
V.G. Rivlin, “Phase Equilibria in Iron Ternary Alloys. 14: Critical Review of Constitution of Carbon-Chromium-Iron and Carbon-Iron-Manganese Systems,”Int. Met. Rev., 29(4), 299–327 (1984). (Equi Diagram; Review;)
I. Ansara, T.G. Chart, P.Y. Chevalier, K. Hack, G. McHugh, M.H. Rand, and P.J. Spencer, “Phase Diagrams for Fe-Cr-Ni Based Alloys. Part 1—Phase Diagrams for Binary and Ternary Alloys of Fe, Cr, and Ni with C and with Si,” Rep. EUR 9657/I/EN, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 130 p (1985). (Equi Diagram; Review;)
J.J. Poubeau and J. Bigot, “Determination of the Solubility of Carbon in Chromium Using Electrical Resistivity Measurements at Low Temperatures,”Acta Metall., 33(6), 1137–1141 (1985) in French. (Equi Diagram; Experimental;)
H.L. Yakei, “Crystal Structures of Stable and Metastable Iron-Containing Carbides,”Int. Met. Rev., 30, 17–40 (1985). (Crys Structure; Review)
H.-O. Andersson, “Thermodynamic Properties of Cr-C,” TRITA-MAC-0314, Materials Research Center, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (1986). (Equi Diagram; Thermo; Review;)