Pirate Ports and Harbours of West Cork in the Early Seventeenth Century
Tóm tắt
In the early part of the seventeenth century in Ireland select harbours along the southwest coast of Munster acted as the North Atlantic headquarters for pirates, primarily made up of English mariners. The places picked by the pirates as their bases were spatially strategic and three harbours in particular dominated this West Cork landscape—Baltimore, Leamcon and Crookhaven. Complicit English officers facilitated this activity and pirates and their families settled on the estates of the local officials while others used this pirate landscape as a staging point for plundering adventures further afield. As a consequence, piracy in Irish waters at that time had a profound influence on local economies, social activities and, in some cases, political events. Indeed the tolerance shown to it in the early seventeenth century in the southwest may be explained by the fact that it facilitated the colonial effort ongoing under the Munster Plantation and thus, inadvertently, suited the purposes of official government.
Tài liệu tham khảo
HCA 1/46/310r–311v: Examination of Nicholas Poole of St. Albans in the county of Hartford, aged 43, 23 January 1606
HCA 13/40, f. 161v: Deposition of Gionisius Gallot of Calais, sailor, aged about 35, 16 June 1609
HCA 13/42, f. 153v–155: Deposition of William Hull of Leamcon, gentleman, aged 40, 13 May 1613
HCA 13/42, f. 214r: Deposition of Richard Millington of London, gentleman, aged about 38, 21 August 1613
HCA 13/98, f. 209v–211r: Examination of Nighton Filps, August 1614
HCA 13/226, f. 338: Deposition of Edward Davenant of Whiddy, gentleman, 1 October 1614
SP 63/104 f. 44: Sir Warham Sentleger to Walsyngham, 15 August 1583
SP 63/223, f. 137r–138v: Sir Arthur Chichester to the Privy Council, 30 March 1608
SP 63/225, f. 222r: A coppie of a letter from the Lo. Bishopp of Cork to the Lords of the Councell in England, August 1608
SP 63/225, f. 223r: A coppie of a letter from the Lords of Councell here, to the Lo: Danby [Danvers] the Lo: President of Mounster whereby it appeareth that he was [came] out of Ireland to answere complaints here, 1608
SP 83/226, f. 14: Lord Danvers to [the Lords of the Privy Council or the Lord Salisbury], 19 January 1609
SP 63/231, f. 182r: Roger Myddleton to Salisbury, 23 August 1611
STC, 2nd ed./8363, STC/1875:25: 1604 By the King a proclamation for the search and apprehension of certaine pirates, giuen at our Pallace of Westminster the xij.day of Nouember 1604, Robert Barker, Printer; 1604, Society of Antiquaries, one page
1641 Depositions: MS 824, f 253r–259v: Deposition of Sir William Hull knight and one of his Maiesties Councell of Mounster, 22 October 1642, Trinity College Dublin
Acts of the Privy Council of England (1615–1616) A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, knight, Ambassador for his Majestie with the States of the United Provinces, 30 April 1616. Tanner Richie Publishing, The University of St. Andrews, pp 513–514
Appleby J (1986) The ‘Affairs of Pirates’: the surrender and submission of Captain William Baugh at Kinsale, 1611–1612. J Cork Hist Archaeol Soc 91:68–84
Appleby J (1990) Settlers and Pirates in early seventeenth Ireland: a profile of Sir William Hull. Studia Hibernica 25:76–104
Appleby J 1992 (ed) A Calendar of Material relating to Ireland from the High Court of Admiralty examinations 1563–1641, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin
Appleby J (1998) War, Politics and Colonisation, 1558–1625. In: Canny N (ed) The Origins of Empire. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 55–78
Appleby JC, O’Dowd M (1985) The Irish Admiralty: its Organisation and Development, c. 1570–1640’. Irish Hist Stud 24(96):299–326
Bagwell R (1909) Ireland under the Stuarts and during the Interregnum, I, Longman. Green & Co., London
Barker R (1991) Careening: art and anecdote. Mare Liberum 2:177–207
Breen C (2005) The Gaelic Lordship of the O’Sullivan Beare: a landscape cultural history. Four Courts Press, Dublin
Calendar of State Papers (2007) Ireland, 1606–1608; 1608–1610 and 1611–1614. In: Russell CW, Prendergast JP (eds) Tanner Richie Publishing, Canada
Calendar State Papers Venetian, entry 268, 23 June 1608; entry 575, 6 August 1609; entry 780, 3 March 1613; entry 781, 3 March 1613; accessed via British History Online
Cannenburg WV (1935) An unknown “pilot” by Hessel Gerritsz, dating from 1612’. Imago Mundi I:49–51
Cell G (1982) Newfoundland discovered: English attempts at colonisation 1610–1630. Hakluyt Society, London
Cotter E (2010) Dún na Séad Castle: an early-17th century house in Baltimore, Co. Cork. J Cork Hist Archaeol Soc 115:31–54
Curtis Clayton M (2008) (ed) Council Book for the Province of Munster c. 1599–1649, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin
Edwards RD (1938) Letter-Book of Sir Arthur Chichester, 1612–14. Analecta Hibernica 62(8):3–178
Finamore D (2006) A Mariner’s Utopia: Pirates and Logwood in the Bay of Honduras. In: Skowronek RK, Ewen CR (eds) X Marks the Spot—the Archaeology of Piracy. University Press of Florida, pp 64–78
Galvin P (1999) Patterns of Pillage: a Geography of Caribbean-based Piracy in Spanish America, 1536–1718. Peter Lang Publishing, New York
Gerritszoon H, Hunt J (1612) Beschrijvinghe van de Zeecusten ende Haenen van Yerlandt, translated: description of the seacoasts and ports of Ireland: SUB Gottingen 4H BRIT P III, 6 PARA H. Universitatsbibliothek, Gottingen, Germany ff 1–17
Goelet MP (1986) The Careening and Bottom Maintenance of Wooden Sailing Vessels. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Texas A and M University
Hamilton DL (2006) Pirates and Merchants: Port Royal, Jamaica. In: Skowronek RK, Ewen CR (Eds) X Marks the Spot—the archaeology of piracy. University Press of Florida, pp 13–30
Historical Manuscripts Commission: Report on the manuscripts of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, preserved at Montagu House, Whitehall, 1, 1483–1778. Tanner Richie Publishing, Ontario
Kelleher C (2003) In a Harbour Long Ago’. In: Fenwick Joe (ed) Lost and Found: discovering Ireland’s past. Wordwell, Wicklow, pp 273–286
Kelleher C (2007) The Gaelic O’Driscoll Lords of Baltimore, Co. Cork: Settlement, Economy and Conflict in a ‘Maritime’ cultural landscape. In: Doran L, Lyttleton J (eds) Gaelic Ireland: Lordship in Medieval and Early Modern Ireland. Four Courts Press, Dublin, pp 130–159
Kelleher C (2013) The confederacy of pirates in early seventeenth-century southwest Ireland—trade, plunder and settlement: a historical and archaeological study. Unpublished PhD thesis, Trinity College Dublin
Kelleher C (2014) Depicting a Pirate Landscape: the anti-pirate chart from 1612 and archaeological footprints on the ground. J Irish Archaeol (forthcoming)
McCarthy B (2012) Baltimore Castle: an 800-year history. Baltimore Castle Publications, Skibbereen
MacCarthy-Morrogh M (1986) The Munster Plantation: English Migration to Southern Ireland 1583–1641. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Mainwaring GE, Perrin WG (1922) Of the beginnings, practices, and suppression of pirates. In: The Life and Works of Sir Henry Mainwaring, II. Navy Records Society, London, pp 9–49
Marangou C (2012) A Constructed Maritime Landscape: the carved setting at Myrina Kastro (Lemnos Island, Greece). In: Henderson J (ed) IKUWA3: Beyond Boundaries—the 3rd International Congress on Underwater Archaeology, London 2008. Römisch-Germanische Kommission, Frankfurt, pp 269–276
Mathew D (1924) The Cornish and Welsh Pirates in the reign of Elizabeth. English Hist Rev 34:337–348
Ohlmeyer J (2012) Making Ireland English: the Irish aristocracy in the seventeenth century. Yale University Press, New Haven and London
Ponasik DS (1977) The system of administered trade as a defense mechanism in preprotectorate Morocco. Int J Middle East Stud 8(2):195–207
Power D (2007) The Archaeology of the Munster Plantation. In: Horning A, Ó Baoill R, Donnelly C, Logue P (eds) The Post-Medieval Archaeology of Ireland, 1550–1850. Wordwell Ltd, Wicklow, pp 23–36
Rogers JD (1861) A Historical Geography of the British Colonies: Newfoundland. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Semple E (1916) Pirate Coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Geogr Rev 2(2):134–151
Senior CM (1972) An Investigation of the Activities and Importance of English Pirates 1603–40. PhD Thesis, University of Bristol
Senior CM (1976) A Nation of Pirates: English piracy in its Heyday. David and Charles Publishers, London
Went AEJ (1946) The Irish Pilchard Fishery. Proc R Ir Acad Sect B Geogr Chem Sci 51(1945–1948):81–120
Went AEJ (1947) Sir William Hull’s Losses in 1641. J Cork Hist Archaeol Soc 52:55–68
Whitburn T (1870) Westward Hoe for Avalon: In the New-found-land, as described by Captain Richard Whitbourne, of Exmouth, Devon, 1622. Samson, Low, Son and Marston, London
Whittlesey D (1939) The Earth and State. Henry Holt & Co., New York