Does education pay for youth formerly in foster care? Comparison of employment outcomes with a national sample

Children and Youth Services Review - Tập 43 - Trang 18-28 - 2014
Nathanael J. Okpych1, Mark E. Courtney1
1University of Chicago, United States

Tài liệu tham khảo

Amemiya, 1984, Tobit models: A survey, Journal of Econometrics, 24, 3, 10.1016/0304-4076(84)90074-5 Barth, 1986, Emancipation services for adolescents in foster care, Social Work, 31, 165, 10.1093/sw/31.3.165 Baum, 2010 Berktold, 1998 Boesel, 1998 Boudett, 2000, Second-chance strategies for women who drop out of school, Monthly Labor Review, 123, 19 Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor Cameron, 1993, The nonequivalence of high school equivalents, Journal of Labor Economics, 11, 1, 10.1086/298316 Carroll, 1990, The Copernican plan: Restructuring the American high school, Phi Delta Kappan, 71, 358 Courtney, 2009, The difficult transition to adulthood for foster youth in the US: Implications for the state as corporate parents, Society for Research in Child Development, 23, 3 Courtney, 2012 Courtney, 2007 Courtney, 2010 Courtney, 2005 Courtney, 2012, Distinct subgroups of former foster youth during young adulthood: Implications for policy and practice, Child Care in Practice, 18, 409, 10.1080/13575279.2012.718196 Courtney, 2004 Day, 2011, An examination of post-secondary retention and graduation among youth in foster care enrolled in a four-year university, Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2335, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.004 Dworsy, 2005, The economic self-sufficiency of Wisconsin's former foster youth, Children and Youth Services Review, 27, 1085, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.12.032 Eisinga, 2013, The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown?, International Journal of Public Health, 58, 637, 10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3 Festinger, 1983 Frerer, 2013 GED Testing Services Geen, 2009 Goerge, 2002 Heckman, 2011, The GED, Handbook of the economics of education, 3, 423, 10.1016/B978-0-444-53429-3.00009-0 Heckman, 2006, Bias corrected estimates of GED returns, Journal of Labor Economics, 24, 661, 10.1086/504278 Hook, 2011, Employment outcomes of former foster youth as young adults: The importance of human, personal, and social capital, Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1855, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.004 Hornby, 1981, Teenagers in foster care: The forgotten majority, Children and Youth Services Review, 3, 7, 10.1016/0190-7409(81)90027-X Hout, 2012, Social and economic returns to college education in the United States, Annual Review of Sociology, 38, 379, 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102503 Keller, 2010, Prevalence and timing of diagnosable mental health, alcohol, and substance use problems among older adolescents in the child welfare system, Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 626, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.010 Kinsey, 1981, Determinants of credit card accounts: An application of Tobit analysis, Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 172, 10.1086/208853 Kraus, 1981, Foster children grown up: Parameters of care and adult delinquency, Children and Youth Services Review, 3, 99, 10.1016/0190-7409(81)90034-7 Macomber, 2008 McDonald, 1980, The uses of Tobit analysis, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62, 318, 10.2307/1924766 McMillen, 2003, Educational experiences and aspirations of older youth in foster care, Child Welfare, 82, 475 Murnane, 1999, Do male dropouts benefit from obtaining a GED, postsecondary education, and training?, Evaluation Review, 23, 475, 10.1177/0193841X9902300501 Murnane, 2000, Who benefits from obtaining a GED? Evidence from high school and beyond, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 82, 23, 10.1162/003465300558605 Naccarato, 2010, Employment outcomes of foster youth: The results from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Foster Youth, Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 551, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.11.009 Okpych, 2012, Policy framework supporting youth aging-out of foster care through college: Review and recommendations, Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 1390, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.013 Pecora, 2012, Maximizing educational achievement of youth in foster care and alumni: Factors associated with success, Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 1121, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.044 Salazar, 2013, The value of a college degree for foster care alumni: Comparisons with general population samples, Social Work, 58, 139, 10.1093/sw/swt014 Singer, 2006 Smithgall, 2004 Taylor, 2012 Tobin, 1958, Estimation of relationship for limited dependent variables, Econometrica, 26, 24, 10.2307/1907382 Tyler, 2003, Economic benefits of the GED: Lessons from recent research, Review of Educational Research, 73, 369, 10.3102/00346543073003369 Tyler, 2004, Does the GED improve earnings? Estimates from a sample of both successful and unsuccessful GED candidates, Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 57, 579, 10.1177/001979390405700406 Tyler, 2010, Is the GED an effective route to postsecondary education for school dropouts?, Economics of Education Review, 29, 813, 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.03.001 Tyler, 2000, Estimating the labor market signaling value of the GED, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 431, 10.1162/003355300554818 Urban Institute Wilkinson, 1993 World Health Organization, 1998 Zhang, 2009 Zimmerman, 1982, Foster care in retrospect, Tulane Studies in Social Welfare, 14, 1