Abarghouei HB, Kousari MR, Zarch MAA (2013) Prediction of drought in dry lands through feed forward artificial neural network abilities. Arab J Geosci 6:1417–1433
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Roma
Bacanli UG, Firat M, Dikbas F (2009) Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for drought forecasting. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 23:1143–1154
Belayneh A, Adamowski J, Khalil B, Ozga-Zielinski B (2014) Long-term SPI drought forecasting in the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia using wavelet neural network and wavelet support vector regression models. J Hydrol 508:418–429
Birch EL (2014) A review of climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability and climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. J Am Plan Assoc 80(2):184–185
Byun H, Wilhite DA (1999) Objective quantification of drought severity and duration. J Clim 12:2747–2756
Dracup JA, Lee KS, Paulson EN Jr (1980) On the statistical characteristics of drought events. Water Resour Res 16(2):289–296
Gocic M, Trajkovic S (2013) Analysis of precipitation and drought data in Serbia over the period 1980–2010. J Hydrol 494:32–42
Gocic M, Trajkovic S (2014a) Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in Serbia. J Hydrol 510:110–123
Gocic M, Trajkovic S (2014b) Drought characterisation based on water surplus variability index. Water Resour Manag 28(10):3179–3191
Gocic M, Trajkovic S (2014c) Water surplus variability index as an indicator of drought. J Hydrol Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001008
Hong X, Guo S, Zhou Y, Xiong L (2014) Uncertainties in assessing hydrological drought using streamflow drought index for the upper Yangtze River basin. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. doi:10.1007/s00477-014-0949-5
Hu Y-M, Liang Z-M, Liu Y-W, Wang J, Yao L, Ning Y (2014) Uncertainty analysis of SPI calculation and drought assessment based on the application of Bootstrap. Int J Climatol. doi:10.1002/joc.4091
Jang J-SR (1993) ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference systems. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern 23:665–685
Jang J-SR, Sun C-T, Mizutani E (1997) Neuro fuzzy and soft computing: a computational approach to learning and machine intelligence. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River
Liu YW, Wang W, Hu YM, Liang ZM (2014) Drought assessment and uncertainty analysis for Dapoling basin. Nat Hazards 74(3):1613–1627
Masinde M (2013) Artificial neural networks models for predicting effective drought index: factoring effects of rainfall variability. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang. doi:10.1007/s11027-013-9464-0
McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J (1993) The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In: 8th Conference on applied climatology, 17–22 Jan, Anaheim, 179–184
McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J (1995) Drought monitoring with multiple time scales. In: 9th Conference on applied climatology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 233–236
Mishra AK, Singh VP (2010) A review of drought concepts. J Hydrol 354(1–2):202–216
Mishra AK, Singh VP, Desai VR (2009) Drought characterization: a probabilistic approach. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 23(1):41–55
Morid S, Smakhtin V, Bagherzadeh K (2007) Drought forecasting using artificial neural networks and time series of drought indices. Int J Climatol 27:2103–2111
Özger M, Mishra AK, Singh VP (2011) Estimating palmer drought severity index using a wavelet fuzzy logic model based on meteorological variables. Int J Climatol 31:2021–2032
Özger M, Mishra AK, Singh VP (2012) Long lead time drought forecasting using a wavelet and fuzzy logic combination model. J Hydrometeorol 13:284–297
Palmer WC (1965) Meteorological drought, Research Paper No. 45, US Department of Commerce Weather Bureau, Washington
Pongracz R, Bogardi I, Duckstein L (1999) Application of fuzzy rule-based modeling technique to regional drought. J Hydrol 224(1999):100–114
Sugeno M, Kang GT (1998) Structure identification of fuzzy model. Fuzzy Sets Syst 28:15–33
Takagi T, Sugeno M (1983) Derivation of fuzzy control rules from human operator’s control actions. In: Proceedings of the IFAC symposium on fuzzy information, knowledge representation and decision analysis, 55–60
Takagi T, Sugeno M (1985) Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern 15:116–132
Tate EL, Gustard A (2000) Drought definition: a hydrological perspective. In: Vogt JV, Somma F (eds) Drought and drought mitigation in Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 23–48
Tsakiris G, Pangalou D, Vangelis H (2007) Regional drought assessment based on the reconnaissance drought index (RDI). Water Resour Manag 21:821–833
Vicente-Serrano SM, Beguería S, López-Moreno JI (2010) A multi-scalar drought index sensitive to global warming: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index—SPEI. J Clim 23:1696–1718
Vicente-Serrano SM, Beguería S, Lorenzo-Lacruz J, Camarero JJ, López-Moreno JI, Azorin-Molina C, Revuelto J, Morán-Tejeda E, Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo A (2012) Performance of drought indices for ecological, agricultural, and hydrological applications. Earth Interact 16(10):1–27
Wilhite DA, Glantz MH (1985) Understanding the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions. Water Int 10(3):111–120