The effects of teacher discrimination on depression among migrant adolescents: Mediated by school engagement and moderated by poverty status

Anderman, 2002, School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence, J. Educ. Psychol., 94, 795, 10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.795 Assari, 2018, Subjective socioeconomic status moderates the association between discrimination and depression in African American youth, Brain Sci., 8, 71, 10.3390/brainsci8040071 Benner, 2013, The antecedents and consequences of racial/ethnic discrimination during adolescence: does the source of discrimination matter?, Dev. Psychol., 49, 1602, 10.1037/a0030557 Bratter, 2011, Is discrimination an equal opportunity risk? Racial experiences, socioeconomic status, and health status among black and white adults, J. Health Soc. Behav., 52, 365, 10.1177/0022146511405336 Capistrano, 2016, Poverty and internalizing symptoms: the indirect effect of middle childhood poverty on internalizing symptoms via an emotional response inhibition pathway, Front. Psychol., 7, 1242, 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01242 Carter, 2017, Racial discrimination and health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities: a meta-analytic review, J. Multicult. Couns. Dev., 45, 232, 10.1002/jmcd.12076 Chavous, 2008, Gender matters, too: the influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents, Dev. Psychol., 44, 637, 10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.637 Chen, 2014, Perceived discrimination, schooling arrangements and psychological adjustments of rural-to-urban migrant children in Beijing, China, Health Psychol. Behav. Med. Open Access J., 2, 713, 10.1080/21642850.2014.919865 Chun, 2011, A comparison of path factors influencing depressive symptoms in children of immigrant women and Korean children in South Korea, Child Youth Serv. Rev., 33, 2087, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.032 Coutinho, 2014, Cape Verdean immigrants’ career development and school engagement: perceived discrimination as a moderator, J. Career Dev., 41, 341, 10.1177/0894845313495589 Coutinho, 2014, Black immigrants and school engagement: Perceptions of discrimination, ethnic identity, and American identity, J. Black Psychol., 40, 520, 10.1177/0095798413498095 2013 DeGarmo, 2006, A culturally informed model of academic well-being for Latino youth: the importance of discriminatory experiences and social support, Fam. Relat., 55, 267, 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00401.x Eccles, 1993, Development during adolescence: the impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families, Am. Psychol., 48, 90, 10.1037/0003-066X.48.2.90 Feagin, 1994, Racial barriers to African American entrepreneurship: an exploratory study, Soc. Probl., 41, 562, 10.2307/3096989 Flores, 2010, Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and health risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents, J. Couns. Psychol., 57, 264, 10.1037/a0020026 Fredricks, 2004, School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence, Rev. Educ. Res., 74, 59, 10.3102/00346543074001059 Greene, 2006, Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates, Dev. Psychol., 42, 218, 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.218 Guerra, 2019, School achievement and well-being of immigrant children: the role of acculturation orientations and perceived discrimination, J. School Psychol., 75, 104, 10.1016/j.jsp.2019.07.004 Hayes, 2013, An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis Hood, 2017, Mediated effects of perceived discrimination on adolescent academic achievement: a test of four models, J. Adolesc., 54, 82, 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.011 Hudson, 2012, Are benefits conferred with greater socioeconomic position undermined by racial discrimination among African American men, J. Mens. Health, 9, 127, 10.1016/j.jomh.2012.03.006 Hunt, 1975, Person-environment interaction: a challenge found wanting before it was tried, Rev. Educ. Res., 45, 209, 10.3102/00346543045002209 Jia, 2017, Perceived discrimination and subjective well-being in Chinese migrant adolescents: collective and personal self-esteem as mediators, Front. Psychol., 8, 1213, 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01213 Jiang, 2018, Socioeconomic status and children's mental health: understanding the mediating effect of social relations in Mainland China, J. Commun. Psychol., 46, 213, 10.1002/jcop.21934 Jimerson, 2003, Toward an understanding of definitions and measures of school engagement and related terms, Calif. School Psychol., 8, 7, 10.1007/BF03340893 Johnson, 2001, Students' attachment and academic engagement: the role of race and ethnicity, Sociol. Educ., 318, 10.2307/2673138 Johnson, 2019, Poverty, parental mental health and child/adolescent mental disorders: findings from a National Australian Survey, Child Indic. Res., 12, 963, 10.1007/s12187-018-9564-1 Joyce, 2014, The impact of school connectedness and teacher support on depressive symptoms in adolescents: a multilevel analysis, Child Youth Serv. Rev., 39, 101, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.02.005 Kalil, 2008, Parental employment circumstances and children's academic progress, Soc. Sci. Res., 37, 500, 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.08.007 Krueger, 2008, Being poor and coping with stress: health behaviors and the risk of death, Am. J. Publ. Health, 98, 889, 10.2105/AJPH.2007.114454 Ladd, 2009, Continuity and change in early school engagement: predictive of children's achievement trajectories from first to eighth grade?, J. Educ. Psychol., 101, 190, 10.1037/a0013153 Lazarus, 1984 Lei, 2004, City is a big world in eyes of migrant children: a survey of social cognitive in children of migrants, Educ. Sci. Res., 6, 27 Leonard, 2016, School engagement of youth investigated by child welfare services: associations with academic achievement and mental health, School Ment. Health, 8, 386, 10.1007/s12310-016-9186-z Li, 2018, Social exclusion, sense of school belonging and mental health of migrant children in China: a structural equation modeling analysis, Child Youth Serv. Rev., 89, 6, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.017 Li, 2018, Targeting social assistance: Dibao and institutional alienation in rural China, Soc. Policy Adm., 52, 771, 10.1111/spol.12261 Li, 2011, Trajectories of school engagement during adolescence: implications for grades, depression, delinquency, and substance use, Dev. Psychol., 47, 233, 10.1037/a0021307 Li, 2013, Interrelations of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive school engagement in high school students, J. Youth Adolesc., 42, 20, 10.1007/s10964-012-9857-5 Lin, 2009, The effect mechanism of stigma perception on mental health among migrant children in Beijing, Acta Psychol. Sin., 41, 967, 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2009.00967 Liu, 2015, Urban teachers' perceptions of inclusion of migrant children in the Chinese educational institution: a comparative study, Int. J. Incl. Educ., 19, 994, 10.1080/13603116.2015.1024762 Liu, 2016, Chinese migrant adolescents’ perceived discrimination and psychological well-being: the moderating roles of group identity and the type of school, PLoS One, 11, e0146559, 10.1371/journal.pone.0146559 Leung, 2015 Ministry of Civil Affairs. (2014). Average Assistance Standard of Rural Dibao Program. Accessed May 14, 2020, fromhttp://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201409/20140924094122217.htm. 2013 Ng, 2010, 7 Power and intergroup discrimination, Soc. Identity Intergroup Relat., 7, 179 Noh, 2003, Perceived discrimination and depression: moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support, Am. J. Publ. Health, 93, 232, 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.232 Pascoe, 2009, Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review, Psychol. Bull., 135, 531, 10.1037/a0016059 Preacher, 2008, Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models, Behav. Res. Methods, 40, 879, 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879 Radloff, 1977, The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population, Appl. Psychol. Meas., 1, 385, 10.1177/014662167700100306 Reiss, 2013, Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review, Soc. Sci. Med., 90, 24, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.026 Ríos-Salas, 2015, Perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, and mental health among Latino adolescents in US immigrant families, Child Youth Serv. Rev., 56, 116, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.011 Rueger, 2014, Effects of peer victimization on psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence, School Psychol. Q., 29, 77, 10.1037/spq0000036 Schmitt, 2002, The meaning and consequences of perceived discrimination in disadvantaged and privileged social groups, Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol., 12, 167, 10.1080/14792772143000058 Schmitt, 2014, The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review, Psychol. Bull., 140, 921, 10.1037/a0035754 Shochet, 2006 Shochet, 2006, School connectedness is an underemphasized parameter in adolescent mental health: results of a community prediction study, J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol., 35, 170, 10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_1 Shochet, 2004, Universal school-based approaches to preventing adolescent depression: past findings and future directions of the resourceful adolescent program, Int. J. Ment. Health Promot., 6, 17, 10.1080/14623730.2004.9721935 Shochet, 2014, A prospective study investigating the links among classroom environment, school connectedness, and depressive symptoms in adolescents, Psychol. Sch., 51, 480, 10.1002/pits.21759 Smalls, 2007, Racial ideological beliefs and racial discrimination experiences as predictors of academic engagement among African American adolescents, J. Black Psychol., 33, 299, 10.1177/0095798407302541 Straiton, 2019, Perceived discrimination, health and mental health among immigrants in Norway: the role of moderating factors, BMC Publ. Health, 19, 325, 10.1186/s12889-019-6649-9 Tummala-Narra, 2013, Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among immigrant-origin adolescents, Cult. Divers. Ethn. Minor. Psychol., 19, 257, 10.1037/a0032960 Uqdah, 2009, Academic attitudes and psychological well-being of black American psychology graduate students, Negro Educ. Rev., 60, 23 Verkuyten, 1998, Perceived discrimination and self-esteem among ethnic minority adolescents, J. Soc. Psychol., 138, 479, 10.1080/00224549809600402 Wang, 2018, The protective effects of social support and engagement coping strategy on the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among Chinese migrant children, Youth Soc., 50, 593, 10.1177/0044118X15619804 Wang, 2015, Child development in the face of rural-to-urban migration in China: a meta-analytic review, Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 10, 813, 10.1177/1745691615600145 Wang, 2009, School climate support for behavioral and psychological adjustment: testing the mediating effect of social competence, School Psychol. Q., 24, 240, 10.1037/a0017999 Wang, 2013, School context, achievement motivation, and academic engagement: a longitudinal study of school engagement using a multidimensional perspective, Learn. Instr., 28, 12, 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.04.002 Wang, 2014, The reciprocal links between school engagement, youth problem behaviors, and school dropout during adolescence, Child Dev., 85, 722, 10.1111/cdev.12138 Wang, 2010, Subjective well-being of immigrant children in Beijing, Chin. Ment. Health J., 24, 131 Wang, 2016, Educational inequality in migrant children in China: from visible exclusion to invisible discrimination, 115 Williams, 1997, Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination, J. Health Psychol., 2, 335, 10.1177/135910539700200305 Wong, 2009, Correlates of psychological wellbeing of children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China, Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 44, 815, 10.1007/s00127-009-0003-y Xiang, 2018, The impact of perceived discrimination on personality among Chinese migrant children: the moderating role of parental support, Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 64, 248, 10.1177/0020764018758123 Xing, 2011, The effect of perceived discrimination on collective well-being among migrant children in China, Psychol. Dev. Educ., 6, 654 Yoshikawa, 2012, The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention, Am. Psychol., 67, 272, 10.1037/a0028015 Yuan, 2012, The relationship between stress coping, depression and social anxiety among migrant children: a longitudinal study, Psychol. Dev. Educ., 34, 283