Opportunities, recent trends and challenges of integrated biorefinery: Part II

Maity, 2014, Opportunities, recent trends and challenges of integrated biorefinery: Part I, Renew Sustain Energy Rev Fernando, 2006, Biorefineries: current status, challenges and future direction, Energy Fuels, 20, 1727, 10.1021/ef060097w Kamm, 2004, Principles of biorefineries, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 64, 137, 10.1007/s00253-003-1537-7 McKendry, 2002, Energy production from biomass (Part 2): conversion technologies, Bioresour Technol, 83, 47, 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00119-5 Bridgwater, 1995, The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation, Fuel, 74, 631, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00001-L Bridgwater, 2003, Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass, Chem Eng J, 91, 87, 10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00142-0 De Lasa, 2011, Catalytic steam gasification of biomass: catalysts, thermodynamics and kinetics, Chem Rev, 111, 5404, 10.1021/cr200024w Huber, 2006, Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts and engineering, Chem Rev, 106, 4044, 10.1021/cr068360d Buragohain, 2010, Biomass gasification for decentralized power generation: the Indian perspective, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 73, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.034 Evans, 1987, Molecular characterization of the pyrolysis of biomass. I. Fundamentals, Energy Fuels, 1, 123, 10.1021/ef00002a001 Devi, 2003, A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes, Biomass, 24, 125, 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00102-2 Sutton, 2001, Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification, Fuel Process Technol, 73, 155, 10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00208-9 Milne, 1998 Guo, 2010, Review of catalytic supercritical water gasification for hydrogen production from biomass, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 334, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.08.012 Subramani, 2008, A review of recent literature to search for an efficient catalytic process for the conversion of syngas to ethanol, Energy Fuels, 22, 814, 10.1021/ef700411x Spivey, 2007, Heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of ethanol from biomass-derived syngas, Chem Soc Rev, 36, 1514, 10.1039/b414039g Forzatti, 1991, Higher alcohol synthesis, Catal Rev, 33, 109, 10.1080/01614949108020298 Swain, 2011, Biomass to liquid: a prospective challenge to research and development in 21st century, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 4917, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.061 Huber GW (editor.). Breaking the chemical and engineering barriers to lignocellulosic biofuels: next generation hydrocarbon biorefineries. Available from: 〈http://www.ecs.umass.edu/biofuels/Images/Roadmap2-08.pdf〉; 2008. Luque, 2012, Design and development of catalysts for biomass-to-liquid-Fischer–Tropsch (BTL-FT) processes for biofuels production, Energy Env Sci, 5, 5186, 10.1039/C1EE02238E Serrano-Ruiz, 2011, Catalytic routes for the conversion of biomass into liquid hydrocarbon transportation fuels, Energy Environ Sci, 4, 83, 10.1039/C0EE00436G Kirkels, 2011, Biomass gasification: still promising? A 30-year global overview, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 471, 10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.046 Unlocking the potential wealth of coal: introducing Sasol׳s unique coal-to-liquids technology. Available from: 〈http://www.sasol.com/sasol_internet/downloads/CTL_Brochure_1125921891488.pdf〉. Methanol to gasoline (MTG): production of clean gasoline from coal. Exon mobil research and engineering. Available from 〈http://www.exxonmobil.com/Apps/RefiningTechnologies/files/sellsheet_09_mtg_brochure.pdf〉. Mohan, 2006, Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: a critical review, Energy Fuels, 20, 848, 10.1021/ef0502397 Butler, 2011, A review of recent laboratory research and commercial developments in fast pyrolysis and upgrading, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 4171, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.035 Bridgwater, 2000, Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 4, 1, 10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00007-6 Meier, 1999, State of the art of applied fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials – a review, Bioresour Technol, 68, 71, 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00086-8 Vispute, 2009, Production of hydrogen alkanes and polyols by aqueous phase processing of wood-derived pyrolysis oils, Green Chem, 11, 1433, 10.1039/b912522c Elliott, 2007, Historical developments in hydroprocessing bio-oils, Energy Fuels, 21, 1792, 10.1021/ef070044u Ayalur Chattanathan, 2012, A review on current status of hydrogen production from bio-oil, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 2366, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.051 Mortensen, 2011, A review of catalytic upgrading of bio-oil to engine fuels, Appl Catal A, 407, 1, 10.1016/j.apcata.2011.08.046 Stöcker, 2008, Biofuels and biomass-to-liquid fuels in the biorefinery: catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass using porous materials, Angew Chem Int Ed, 47, 9200, 10.1002/anie.200801476 Goyal, 2008, Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12, 504, 10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.014 Kumar, 2008, Hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water in a continuous flow reactor, Ind Eng Chem Res, 47, 9321, 10.1021/ie801102j Carlson, 2008, Green gasoline by catalytic fast pyrolysis of solid biomass derived compounds, ChemSusChem, 1, 397, 10.1002/cssc.200800018 Conversion of biomass residues is an untapped source of renewable power and heat. UOP-A Honeywell Company. Available from: 〈http://www.uop.com/processing-solutions/biofuels/pyrolysis/〉. Envergent Technologies – A Honeywell Company. Available from: 〈http://www.envergenttech.com/index.php〉. Jonietz E. Oil from Wood: Startup Kior has developed a process for creating “biocrude” directly from biomass. MIT Technology Review 2007. Available from: 〈http://www.technologyreview.com/news/409028/oil-from-wood/〉 Sharma, 2008, Advancements in development and characterization of biodiesel: a review, Fuel, 87, 2355, 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.01.014 Lapuerta, 2008, Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 34, 198, 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.07.001 Szybist, 2007, Biodiesel combustion, emissions and emission control, Fuel Process Technol, 88, 679, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.12.008 Knothe, 2011, A technical evaluation of biodiesel from vegetable oils vs. algae. Will algae-derived biodiesel perform?, Green Chem, 13, 3048, 10.1039/c0gc00946f Report: 12 billion gallons of biodiesel by 2020. Biodiesel Magazine 2010. Available from: 〈http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/4145/report-12-billion-gallons-of-biodiesel-by-2020〉; 2010. 〈http://www.sofiproteol.com/〉. Stamenković, 2011, The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils by ethanolysis: current state and perspectives, Fuel, 90, 3141, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.049 Ma, 1999, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresour Technol, 70, 1, 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5 Kulkarni, 2006, Waste cooking oils – an economical source for biodiesel: a review, Ind Eng Chem Res, 45, 2901, 10.1021/ie0510526 Antczak, 2009, Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis – key factors affecting efficiency of the process, Renew Energy, 34, 1185, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.11.013 Meher, 2006, Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification – a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 10, 248, 10.1016/j.rser.2004.09.002 Ranganathan, 2008, An overview of enzymatic production of biodiesel, Bioresour Technol, 99, 3975, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.060 Leung, 2010, A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification, Appl Energy, 87, 1083, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.006 Agarwal, 2007, Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 33, 233, 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003 Melero, 2009, Heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production: current status and future challenges, Green Chem, 11, 1285, 10.1039/b902086a Santori, 2012, A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining, Appl Energy, 92, 109, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.031 Huang, 2010, Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology, Appl Energy, 87, 38, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.016 Borugadda, 2012, Biodiesel production from renewable feedstocks: status and opportunities, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 4763, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.010 Banković-Ilić, 2012, Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oils, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 3621, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.002 Atadashi, 2012, Production of biodiesel using high free fatty acid feedstocks, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 3275, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.063 Auto fuel policy report. Other alternative fuels and technologies. Available from: 〈www.it.iitb.ac.in/~kavi/CAR/tapan-basu2.pdf〉; 2010. Vasudevan, 2008, Biodiesel production-current state of the art and challenges, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 35, 421, 10.1007/s10295-008-0312-2 Demirbas, 2005, Biodiesel production from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification methods, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 31, 466, 10.1016/j.pecs.2005.09.001 Zheng, 2008, Commodity chemicals derived from glycerol, an important biorefinery feedstock, Chem Rev, 108, 5253, 10.1021/cr068216s Hoekman, 2012, Review of biodiesel composition, properties and specifications, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 143, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.143 Hu, 2008, Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances, Plant J, 54, 621, 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03492.x Chisti, 2007, Biodiesel from microalgae, Biotechnol Adv, 25, 294, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.02.001 Rodolfi, 2009, Microalgae for oil: strain selection induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor, Biotechnol Bioeng, 102, 100, 10.1002/bit.22033 Borowitzka, 2013, Sustainable biofuels from algae, Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang, 18, 13, 10.1007/s11027-010-9271-9 Chisti, 2008, Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol, Trends Biotechnol, 26, 126, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.002 Wijffels, 2010, An outlook on microalgal biofuels, Science, 329, 796, 10.1126/science.1189003 Pittman, 2011, The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources, Bioresour Technol, 102, 17, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.035 Scott, 2010, Biodiesel from algae: challenges and prospects, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 21, 277, 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.005 Borowitzka, 1999, Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters, J Biotechnol, 70, 313, 10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00083-8 Xu, 2009, Microalgal bioreactors: challenges and opportunities, Eng Life Sci, 9, 178, 10.1002/elsc.200800111 Carvalho, 2006, Microalgal reactors: a review of enclosed system designs and performances, Biotechnol Prog, 22, 1490, 10.1002/bp060065r Gong, 2011, Biodiesel production with microalgae as feedstock: from strains to biodiesel, Biotechnol Lett, 33, 1269, 10.1007/s10529-011-0574-z Pienkos, 2009, The promise and challenges of microalgal-derived biofuels, Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin, 3, 431, 10.1002/bbb.159 Grima, 2003, Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics, Biotechnol Adv, 20, 491, 10.1016/S0734-9750(02)00050-2 Sander, 2010, Life cycle analysis of algae biodiesel, Int J Life Cycle Assess, 15, 704, 10.1007/s11367-010-0194-1 Brennan, 2010, Biofuels from microalgae – a review of technologies for production, processing and extractions of biofuels and co-products, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 557, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009 Mata, 2010, Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 217, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 Wijffels, 2010, Microalgae for the production of bulk chemicals and biofuels, Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin, 4, 287, 10.1002/bbb.215 Harun, 2010, Microalgal biomass as a fermentation feedstock for bioethanol production, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 85, 199 John, 2011, Micro and macroalgal biomass: a renewable source for bioethanol, Bioresour Technol, 102, 186, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.139 Ho, 2013, Bioethanol production using carbohydrate-rich microalgae biomass as feedstock, Bioresour Technol, 135, 191, 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.015 Mussgnug, 2010, Microalgae as substrates for fermentative biogas production in a combined biorefinery concept, J Biotechnol, 150, 51, 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.07.030 Knothe, 2011, A technical evaluation of biodiesel from vegetable oils vs. algae. Will algae-derived biodiesel perform?, Green Chem, 13, 3048, 10.1039/c0gc00946f Khan, 2009, Prospects of biodiesel production from microalgae in India, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 13, 2361, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.04.005 Belarbi, 2000, A process for high yield and scaleable recovery of high purity eicosapentaenoic acid esters from microalgae and fish oil, Enzym Microb Technol, 26, 516, 10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00191-X Volkman, 1989, Fatty acid and lipid composition of 10 species of microalgae used in mariculture, J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 128, 219, 10.1016/0022-0981(89)90029-4 Spolaore, 2006, Commercial applications of microalgae, J Biosci Bioeng, 101, 87, 10.1263/jbb.101.87 Wen, 2001, Optimization of nitrogen sources for heterotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis, Enzym Microb Technol, 29, 341, 10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00385-4 Ward, 2005, Omega-3/6 fatty acids: alternative sources of production, Process Biochem, 40, 3627, 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.02.020 Peralta-Yahya, 2012, Microbial engineering for the production of advanced biofuels, Nature, 488, 320, 10.1038/nature11478 Benemann, 2000, Hydrogen production by microalgae, J Appl Phycol, 12, 291, 10.1023/A:1008175112704 Kruse, 2010, Microalgal hydrogen production, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 21, 238, 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.012 Deng, 1999, Ethanol synthesis by genetic engineering in cyanobacteria, Appl Env Microbiol, 65, 523, 10.1128/AEM.65.2.523-528.1999 Dexter, 2009, Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for ethanol production, Energy Env Sci, 2, 857, 10.1039/b811937f Radakovits, 2010, Genetic engineering of algae for enhanced biofuel production, Eukaryot Cell, 9, 486, 10.1128/EC.00364-09 Metzger, 2005, Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for hydrocarbons and related ether lipids, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 66, 486, 10.1007/s00253-004-1779-z Tran, 2010, Catalytic upgrading of biorefinery oil from micro-algae, Fuel, 89, 265, 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.08.015 Brodeur, 2011, Chemical and physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass: a review, Enzym Res, 2011, 1, 10.4061/2011/787532 Mosier, 2005, Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresour Technol, 96, 673, 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.06.025 Sun, 2002, Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review, Fuel, 83, 1 Sukumaran, 2010, Lignocellulosic ethanol in India: prospects challenges and feedstock availability, Bioresour Technol, 101, 4826, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.049 Kumar, 2009, Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production, Ind Eng Chem Res, 48, 3713, 10.1021/ie801542g Hendriks, 2009, Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresour Technol, 100, 10, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027 Lee, 2008, Recent developments of key technologies on cellulosic ethanol production, J Sci Ind Res, 67, 865 Hu, 2012, Pretreatment and lignocellulosic chemistry, BioEnergy Res, 5, 1043, 10.1007/s12155-012-9208-0 Taherzadeh, 2008, Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: a review, Int J Mol Sci, 9, 1621, 10.3390/ijms9091621 Sousa, 2009, “Cradle-to-grave” assessment of existing lignocellulose pretreatment technologies, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 20, 339, 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.003 Olofsson, 2008, A short review on SSF – an interesting process option for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks, Biotechnol Biofuels, 1, 1 Sánchez, 2008, Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks, Bioresour Technol, 99, 5270, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.013 Kazi, 2010, Techno-economic comparison of process technologies for biochemical ethanol production from corn stover, Fuel, 89, S20, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.001 Zhu, 2010, Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production: technology and energy consumption evaluation, Bioresour Technol, 101, 4992, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.007 Zhou, 2011, Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fine chemicals and fuels, Chem Soc Rev, 40, 5588, 10.1039/c1cs15124j Rinaldi, 2009, Acid hydrolysis of cellulose as the entry point into biorefinery schemes, ChemSusChem, 2, 1096, 10.1002/cssc.200900188 Hamelinck, 2005, Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: techno-economic performance in short- middle- and long-term, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 384, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.09.002 Gray, 2006, Bioethanol, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 10, 141, 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.035 Balat, 2009, Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel, Appl Energy, 86, 2273, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.015 Balat, 2008, Progress in bioethanol processing, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 34, 551, 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.11.001 Ezeji, 2007, Bioproduction of butanol from biomass: from genes to bioreactors, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 18, 220, 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.002 Kumar, 2011, Developments in biobutanol production: new insights, Appl Energy, 88, 1999, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.055 Dürre, 2011, Fermentative production of butanol – the academic perspective, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 22, 331, 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.04.010 Green, 2011, Fermentative production of butanol – the industrial perspective, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 22, 337, 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.02.004 Kuhad, 2011, Bioethanol production from pentose sugars: current status and future prospects, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 4950, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.058 Chen, 2011, Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review, J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 38, 581, 10.1007/s10295-010-0894-3 Kim, 2012, Simultaneous co-fermentation of mixed sugars: a promising strategy for producing cellulosic ethanol, Trends Biotechnol, 30, 274, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.01.005 〈http://www.inbicon.com/〉. Stephanopoulos, 2007, Challenges in engineering microbes for biofuels production, Science, 315, 801, 10.1126/science.1139612 Lynd, 2002, Microbial cellulose utilization: Fundamentals and biotechnology, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 66, 506, 10.1128/MMBR.66.3.506-577.2002 Lynd, 2005, Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass: an update, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 16, 577, 10.1016/j.copbio.2005.08.009 Menon, 2012, Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: biofuels, platform chemicals & biorefinery concept, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 38, 522, 10.1016/j.pecs.2012.02.002 FitzPatrick, 2010, A biorefinery processing perspective: treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products, Bioresour Technol, 101, 8915, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.125 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Clean fractionation. Available from: 〈http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/43959.pdf〉; 2008. Demirbas, 2011, Competitive liquid biofuels from biomass, Appl Energy, 88, 17, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.016 Mariano, 2013, Butanol production in a first-generation Brazilian sugarcane biorefinery: technical aspects and economics of greenfield projects, Bioresour Technol, 135, 316, 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.109 Jones, 2012, Algae biofuels: versatility for the future of bioenergy, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 23, 346, 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.013 Regalbuto, 2009, Cellulosic biofuels-got gasoline?, Science, 325, 822, 10.1126/science.1174581 〈http://www.betarenewables.com/press-release-detail/2/crescentinos-biorefinery-grand-opening〉. Aden, 2002 Serrano-Ruiz, 2012, From biodiesel and bioethanol to liquid hydrocarbon fuels: new hydrotreating and advanced microbial technologies, Energy Env Sci, 5, 5638, 10.1039/C1EE02418C Madeira, 2009, Ethanol transformation over HFAU, HBEA and HMFI zeolites presenting similar Brønsted acidity, Appl Catal A, 367, 39, 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.07.033 Takahara, 2005, Dehydration of ethanol into ethylene over solid acid catalysts, Catal Lett, 105, 249, 10.1007/s10562-005-8698-1 Bi, 2010, High effective dehydration of bio-ethanol into ethylene over nanoscale HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts, Catal Today, 149, 143, 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.04.016 Derouane, 1978, Elucidation of the mechanism of conversion of methanol and ethanol to hydrocarbons on a new type of synthetic zeolite, J Catal, 53, 40, 10.1016/0021-9517(78)90006-4 Jingfa, 1988, Acidic properties of ZSM-5 zeolite and conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether, Appl Catal, 41, 13, 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)80378-4 Taarning, 2011, Zeolite-catalyzed biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals, Energy Environ Sci, 4, 793, 10.1039/C004518G Gayubo, 2010, Hydrothermal stability of HZSM-5 catalysts modified with Ni for the transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons, Fuel, 89, 3365, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.002 Calsavara, 2008, Transformation of ethanol into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites modified with iron in different ways, Fuel, 87, 1628, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.08.006 Barthos, 2006, Decomposition and aromatization of ethanol on ZSM-based catalysts, J Phys Chem B, 110, 21816, 10.1021/jp063522v Phillips, 1997, Production of ethylene from hydrous ethanol on H-ZSM-5 under mild conditions, Ind Eng Chem Res, 36, 4466, 10.1021/ie9702542 Johansson, 2009, The hydrocarbon pool in ethanol-to-gasoline over HZSM-5 catalysts, Catal Lett, 127, 1, 10.1007/s10562-008-9711-2 Schill, 2010, Braskem starts up ethanol-to-ethylene plant, Ethanol Prod Mag Tu, 1998, Effects of alkaline-earth oxide additives on silica-supported copper catalysts in ethanol dehydrogenation, Ind Eng Chem Res, 37, 2618, 10.1021/ie9708135 Christensen, 2006, Formation of acetic acid by aqueous-phase oxidation of ethanol with air in the presence of a heterogeneous gold catalyst, Angew Chem Int Ed, 45, 4648, 10.1002/anie.200601180 Mochizuki D, Takai T, Umeno M. Method of producing propylene containing biomass-origin carbon. U.S. Patent EP 1953129 A1; 2008. Serrano-Ruiz, 2011, Transformations of biomass-derived platform molecules: from high added-value chemicals to fuels via aqueous-phase processing, Chem Soc Rev, 40, 5266, 10.1039/c1cs15131b Dürre, 2007, Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel, Biotechnol J, 2, 1525, 10.1002/biot.200700168 Dhanala, 2013, Steam reforming of isobutanol for production of synthesis gas over Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, RSC Adv, 3, 24521, 10.1039/c3ra44705g Mascal, 2012, Chemicals from biobutanol: technologies and markets, Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin, 6, 483, 10.1002/bbb.1328 Connor, 2009, Microbial production of advanced transportation fuels in non-natural hosts, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 20, 307, 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.04.002 Kumar, 2012, Comparative economic assessment of ABE fermentation based on cellulosic and non-cellulosic feedstocks, Appl Energy, 93, 193, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.079 West, 2009, Dehydration of butanol to butene over solid acid catalysts in high water environments, J Catal, 262, 134, 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.12.009 Zhang, 2010, One-step dehydration and isomerisation of n-butanol to iso-butene over zeolite catalysts, Chem Commun, 46, 4088, 10.1039/c002240c Jeong, 2012, Synthesis of butenes through 2-butanol dehydration over mesoporous materials produced from ferrierite, Catal Today, 185, 191, 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.09.017 Kumar, 2012, Dimerization of 1-butene in liquid phase reaction: Influence of structure, pore size and acidity of Beta zeolite and MCM-41 mesoporous material, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 147, 127, 10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.05.032 Murat Sen, 2012, Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels: process development and technoeconomic evaluation, Chem Eng Sci, 67, 57, 10.1016/j.ces.2011.07.022 Hauge, 2005, Oligomerization of isobutene over solid acid catalysts, Catal Today, 100, 463, 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.08.017 McGuinness, 2011, Olefin oligomerization via metallacycles: dimerization, trimerization, tetramerization and beyond, Chem Rev, 111, 2321, 10.1021/cr100217q Jhung, 2009, Trimerization of isobutene over solid acid catalysts, Catal Surv Asia, 13, 229, 10.1007/s10563-009-9080-x Bond, 2010, Integrated catalytic conversion of γ-valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels, Science, 327, 1110, 10.1126/science.1184362 Biobutanol fact sheet. ButamaxTM Advanced Biofuels LLC fact sheet. Available from: 〈http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-alternate-energy/en/documents/bp_biobutanol_factsheet.pdf〉. Cobalt biofuels raises $25 million to commercialize next generation biofuel – biobutanol. Cobalt Biofuel News. Available from: 〈http://www.cobalttech.com/news-item/October%2020,%202008.html〉; 2008. 〈http://www.greenbiologics.com/〉. Cobalt and the naval air warfare center team up to produce a renewable jet fuel from bio n-butanol. Cobalt Press Release. Available from: 〈http://www.cobalttech.com/news-item/March%2020,%202012.html〉; 2012. Gevo has produced isobutanol at its luverne plant. Gevo News Release. Available from: 〈http://ir.gevo.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=238618&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1713093&highlight=.%20July%2010,%202012〉; 2012 Lora, 2002, Recent industrial applications of lignin: a sustainable alternative to nonrenewable materials, J Polym Env, 10, 39, 10.1023/A:1021070006895 Holladay, 2007, Top value-added chemicals from biomass. Volume II – results of screening for potential candidates from biorefinery lignin, US Department of Energy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Kleinert, 2008, Phenols from lignin, Chem Eng Technol, 31, 736, 10.1002/ceat.200800073 Pandey, 2011, Lignin depolymerization and conversion: a review of thermochemical methods, Chem Eng Technol, 34, 29, 10.1002/ceat.201000270 Kleinert, 2008, Towards a lignincellulosic biorefinery: direct one-step conversion of lignin to hydrogen-enriched biofuel, Energy Fuels, 22, 1371, 10.1021/ef700631w Kleinert, 2009, Optimizing solvolysis conditions for integrated depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to produce liquid biofuel, J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 85, 108, 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.09.019 Thring, 2000, The production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from Alcell® lignin using HZSM-5 catalyst, Fuel Process Technol, 62, 17, 10.1016/S0378-3820(99)00061-2 Lee, 2008, Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for biofuels production: from bugs to synthetic biology to fuels, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 19, 556, 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.10.014 Ward, 2008, Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources, Bioresour Technol, 99, 7928, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.044 Demirel, 2010, Production of methane and hydrogen from biomass through conventional and high-rate anaerobic digestion processes, Crit Rev Env Sci Technol, 40, 116, 10.1080/10643380802013415 Shilton, 2010, Sustainable sunlight to biogas is via marginal organics, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 21, 287, 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.03.008 Gayubo, 2010, Selective production of olefins from bioethanol on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts treated with NaOH, Appl Catal B, 97, 299, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.04.021 Yenumala, 2011, Reforming of vegetable oil for production of hydrogen: a thermodynamic analysis, Int J Hydrog Energy, 36, 11666, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.055 Maher, 2007, Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals, Bioresour Technol, 98, 2351, 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.025 Al-Sabawi, 2012, Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass-derived oils and their blends with petroleum feedstocks: a review, Energy Fuels, 26, 5355, 10.1021/ef3006417 Taufiqurrahmi, 2011, Catalytic cracking of edible and non-edible oils for the production of biofuels, Energy Env Sci, 4, 1087, 10.1039/c0ee00460j Lavrenov, 2011, Catalytic processes for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels from oil and fatty raw materials: contemporary approaches, Catal Ind, 3, 250, 10.1134/S2070050411030044 Kumar, 2014, Kinetics of hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid using supported nickel catalysts: effects of supports, Appl Catal A, 471, 28, 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.11.021 Kubička, 2010, Deoxygenation of vegetable oils over sulfided Ni, Mo and NiMo catalysts, Appl Catal A, 372, 199, 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.034 Šimáček, 2010, Fuel properties of hydroprocessed rapeseed oil, Fuel, 89, 611, 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.017 Kikhtyanin, 2010, Hydroconversion of sunflower oil on Pd/SAPO-31 catalyst, Fuel, 89, 3085, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.033 Toba, 2011, Hydrodeoxygenation of waste vegetable oil over sulfide catalysts, Catal Today, 164, 533, 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.11.049 Sankaranarayanan, 2011, Hydroprocessing of sunflower oil-gas oil blends over sulfided Ni–Mo–Al–zeolite beta composites, Bioresour Technol, 102, 10717, 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.127 Sharma, 2012, Jatropha-oil conversion to liquid hydrocarbon fuels using mesoporous titanosilicate supported sulfide catalysts, Catal Today, 198, 314, 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.05.036 Šimáček, 2011, Premium quality renewable diesel fuel by hydroprocessing of sunflower oil, Fuel, 90, 2473, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.013 Kalnes, 2008, Green diesel production by hydrorefining renewable feedstocks, Biofuels Techynol, 7 Honeywell green diesel. 〈http://www.uop.com/processing-solutions/biofuels/green-diesel/#natural-oils-conversion〉. Green jet fuel. 〈http://www.uop.com/processing-solutions/biofuels/green-jet-fuel/〉. Ladygina, 2006, A review on microbial synthesis of hydrocarbons, Process Biochem, 41, 1001, 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.12.007 Fortman, 2008, Biofuel alternatives to ethanol: pumping the microbial well, Trends Biotechnol, 26, 375, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.03.008 Peralta-yahya, 2010, Advanced biofuel production in microbes, Biotechnol J, 5, 147, 10.1002/biot.200900220 〈http://www.amyris.com/〉. 〈http://www.ls9.com/〉. Huber, 2005, Production of liquid alkanes by aqueous-phase processing of biomass-derived carbohydrates, Science, 308, 1446, 10.1126/science.1111166 Huber, 2006, An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a biorefinery, Catal Today, 111, 119, 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.10.010 Chheda, 2007, An overview of dehydration aldol-condensation and hydrogenation processes for production of liquid alkanes from biomass-derived carbohydrates, Catal Today, 123, 59, 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.12.006 Davda, 2005, A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts, Appl Catal B, 56, 171, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.04.027 Simonetti, 2009, Catalytic production of liquid fuels from biomass derived oxygenated hydrocarbons: catalytic coupling at multiple length scales, Catal Rev, 51, 441, 10.1080/01614940903050626 West, 2009, Production of alkanes from biomass derived carbohydrates on bi-functional catalysts employing niobium-based supports, Catal Commun, 10, 1743, 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.05.021 Xing, 2010, Production of jet and diesel fuel range alkanes from waste hemicellulose-derived aqueous solutions, Green Chem, 12, 1933, 10.1039/c0gc00263a Huber, 2004, Renewable alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of biomass-derived oxygenates, Angew Chem Int Ed, 43, 1549, 10.1002/anie.200353050 Kunkes, 2008, Catalytic conversion of biomass to monofunctional hydrocarbons and targeted liquid-fuel classes, Science, 322, 417, 10.1126/science.1159210 Lange, 2007, Lignocellulose conversion: an introduction to chemistry, process and economics, Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin, 1, 39, 10.1002/bbb.7 Tao, 2009, The economics of current and future biofuels, In vitro Cell Dev Biol – Plant, 45, 199, 10.1007/s11627-009-9216-8 Foust, 2009, An economic and environmental comparison of a biochemical and a thermochemical lignocellulosic ethanol conversion processes, Cellulose, 16, 547, 10.1007/s10570-009-9317-x Naik, 2010, Production of first and second generation biofuels: a comprehensive review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, 578, 10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.003