Weighing up the evidence used by direct-to-consumer stem cell businesses

Brown, 2009, The new deficit model, Nat. Nanotechnol., 4, 609, 10.1038/nnano.2009.278 Dlouhy, 2014, Autograft-derived spinal cord mass following olfactory mucosal cell transplantation in a spinal cord injury patient: case report, J. Neurosurg. Spine, 21, 618, 10.3171/2014.5.SPINE13992 Dobke, 2013, Necrotizing metachronous facial ulcerations after “stem cell face lift”, Ann. Plast. Surg., 70, 392, 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31827a7d7d Erikainen, 2020, Marketing experimental stem cell therapies in the UK: biomedical lifestyle products and the promise of regenerative medicine in the digital era, Sci. as Cult., 29, 219, 10.1080/09505431.2019.1656183 2018, 8 Freed, 2010, Research Advisory Committee of the American Board of Pediatrics: perspectives and preferences among the general public regarding physician selection and board certification, J. Pediatr., 156, 841, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.055 Frow, 2019, Characterizing direct-to-consumer stem cell businesses in the Southwest United States, Stem Cell Rep., 13, 1, 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.001 Fu, 2019, Characteristics and scope of training of clinicians participating in the US direct-to-consumer market for unproven stem cell interventions, JAMA, 321, 2463, 10.1001/jama.2019.5837 2003 ISSCR, 2015. Nine things to know about stem cell treatments. https://www.closerlookatstemcells.org/stem-cells-medicine/nine-things-to-know-about-stem-cell-treatments/. Knoepfler, 2017, The stem cell hard sell: report from a clinic’s patient recruitment seminar, Stem Cells Transl. Med., 6, 14, 10.5966/sctm.2016-0208 Knoepfler, 2018, The FDA and the US direct-to-consumer marketplace for stem cell interventions: a temporal analysis, Regen. Med., 13, 19, 10.2217/rme-2017-0115 Knoepfler Kuriyan, 2017, Vision loss after intravitreal injection of autologous “stem cells” for AMD, N. Engl. J. Med., 376, 1047, 10.1056/NEJMoa1609583 Munsie, 2017, Open for business: a comparative study of websites selling autologous stem cells in Australia and Japan, Regen. Med., 12, 777, 10.2217/rme-2017-0070 Petersen, 2013, Therapeutic journeys: the hopeful travails of stem cell tourists, Soc. Health Illn., 36, 670, 10.1111/1467-9566.12092 Rachul, 2011, What have I got to lose?’: an analysis of stem cell therapy patients’ blogs, Health Law Rev, 21, 5 Rachul, 2015, The fountain of stem cell-based youth? Online portrayals of anti-aging stem cell technologies, Aesthet Surg J, 35, 730, 10.1093/asj/sju111 Saukko, 2010, Negotiating the boundary between medicine and consumer culture: online marketing of nutrigenetic tests, Soc. Sci. Med., 70, 744, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.066 Sipp, 2017, Marketing of unproven stem cell-based interventions: a call to action, Sci. Trans. Med., 9, eaag0426, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag0426 Turner, 2016, Selling stem cells in the USA: assessing the direct-to-consumer industry, Cell Stem Cell, 19, 154, 10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.007 Turner, 2018, The US direct-to-consumer marketplace for autologous stem cell interventions, Perspect. Biol. Med., 61, 7, 10.1353/pbm.2018.0024 Waldby, 2020, The direct-to-consumer market for stem cell-based interventions in Australia: exploring the experiences of patients, Future Med., 15, 1238 Zarzeczny, 2018, The stem cell market and policy options: a call for clarity, J. Law Biosci., 5, 743, 10.1093/jlb/lsy025