Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abou El-Naga, 1985, Polymeric additives for pour point depression of residual fuel oils, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. A., 35, 241, 10.1002/jctb.5040350506
Ahlers, 2007
Ahmed, 1999, Stability and rheology of heavy crude oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by an anionic–nonionic surfactant mixture, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 17, 553, 10.1080/10916469908949734
Argillier, 2006
Ashrafizadeh, 2010, Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water for pipeline transportation, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 71, 205, 10.1016/j.petrol.2010.02.005
Bass, 2000
Bensakhria, 2004, Experimental study of the pipeline lubrication for heavy oil transport, Oil Gas Sci. Technol., 59, 523, 10.2516/ogst:2004037
Bloch, 2002
Broussard, 1976
Castro, 2008, Copolymers as flow improvers for Mexican crude oils, Energy Fuels, 22, 4006, 10.1021/ef800448a
Castro, 2009, Fractionation and characterization of Mexican crude oils, Energy Fuels, 23, 1603, 10.1021/ef8008508
Chanda, 1998, Combined effect of asphaltenes and flow improvers on the rheological behaviour of Indian waxy crude oil, Fuel, 77, 1163, 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00029-5
Chilton, 1958
Da Silva, 2004, New additives for the pour point reduction of petroleum middle distillates, Energy Fuels, 18, 599, 10.1021/ef030132o
Elgamal, 1994, Synthesis and evaluation of acrylate polymers for improving floe properties of waxy crudes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52, 9, 10.1002/app.1994.070520102
Fournanty, 2008, Laminar flow emulsification process to control the viscosity reduction of heavy crude oils, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 29, 1355, 10.1080/01932690701782871
Gateau, 2004, Heavy oil dilution, Oil Gas Sci. Technol., 59, 503, 10.2516/ogst:2004035
Ghannam, 2006, Flow enhancement of medium-viscosity crude oil, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 24, 985, 10.1081/LFT-200048166
Ghosh, 2009, Review of oil water core annular flow, J. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 13, 1957, 10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.034
Gregoli, 1992
Gregoli, 1990
Gregoli, 1991
Gregoli, 1992
Gregoli, 1994
Gutnick, 2003
Gutnick, 1983
Harris, 2006
Hayes, 1988
Hellsten, 2002, Drag-reducing surfactants, J. Surfactants Deterg., 5, 65, 10.1007/s11743-002-0207-z
Hénaut, 2007
International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Energy Agency (IEA), 2008, 10.1787/weo-2008-en
Iqbal, 2006
Isaacs, 1904
Johnston, 2008, Enhance the flow and reduce the drag, Hydrocarbon Eng., 89
Jordan, 1978, Viscosity index. 3. Thermodynamic parameters for side-chain crystallinity in pour point-modified blends containing normal octadecyl acrylate, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 22, 1547, 10.1002/app.1978.070220608
Joseph, 1997, Core annular flows, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 29, 65, 10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.65
Langevin, 2004, Crude oil emulsion properties and their application to heavy oil transportation, Oil Gas Sci. Technol., 59, 511, 10.2516/ogst:2004036
Langner, 2001
Machado, 2001, Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) as wax inhibitor of a Brazilian crude oil: oil viscosity, pour point and phase behavior of organic solutions, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 32, 159, 10.1016/S0920-4105(01)00158-9
Marsden, 1972
Matras, 2008, The influence of polymer–surfactant aggregates on drag reduction, Thin Solid Films, 516, 8848, 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.057
Milligan, 2008
Morduchowitz, 1977
Mowla, 2006, Experimental study of drag reduction by a polymeric additive in slug two-phase flow of crude oil and air in horizontal pipes, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 1549, 10.1016/j.ces.2005.09.006
Murillo-Hernández, 2009, Aggregation behavior of heavy crude oil-ionic liquid solutions by fluorescence spectroscopy, Energy Fuels, 23, 4584, 10.1021/ef9004175
Myers, 2000
Oliemans, 1986, Core-annular flow of oil and water through a pipeline
Pedersen, 2003, Influence of wax inhibitors on wax appearance temperature, pour point, and viscosity of waxy crude oils, Energy Fuels, 17, 321, 10.1021/ef020142+
Perry, 2007
Peysson, 2007, Pipeline lubrication of heavy oil: experimental investigation of flow and restart problems, SPE Prod. Oper., 22, 135, 10.2118/97764-PA
Pilehvari, 1988, Pipeline transportation of heavy crudes as emulsions, 161
Poettmann, 1975
Qian, 1994, Influence of incipient chain dimension of EVA flow improver on the rheological behaviour of crude oil, Fuel, 75, 161, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00224-3
Rana, 2007, A review of recent advances on process technologies for upgrading of heavy oils and residua, Fuel, 86, 1216, 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.004
Rivas, 1998
Rodriguez
Salager, 2001, Heavy hydrocarbon emulsions. Making use of the state of the art in formulating engineering, 455
Salem, 1998, The effect of heterogeneous drag reducing surfactant in drag and heat transfer reduction in crude oil systems, Chem. Eng. Commun., 168, 229, 10.1080/00986449808912716
Simon, 1970
Song, 2005, Study on the relationship between the structure and activities of alkyl methacrylate–maleic anhydride polymers as cold flow improvers in diesel fuels, Fuel Process. Technol., 86, 641, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.05.011
Storm, 1999, Drag reduction in heavy oil, J. Energy Resour. ASME, 121, 145, 10.1115/1.2795973
Van den Bosch, 2006
Van der Meij, 1973
Virk, 1975, Drag reduction fundamentals, AICHE J., 21, 625, 10.1002/aic.690210402
Yaghi, 2002, Heavy crude oil viscosity reduction for pipeline transportation, Energy Source, 24, 93, 10.1080/00908310252774417
Zagustin, 1988
Zagustin, 1988
Zahan, 2004, Detection of precipitation in pipelines, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 22, 1119, 10.1081/LFT-200034063
Zaki, 1997, Surfactant stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsions for pipeline transportation of viscous crude oils, Colloids Surf., A, 125, 19, 10.1016/S0927-7757(96)03768-5
Zhou, 2006, Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in a drag-reducing two-dimensional channel flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 49, 1462, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.09.023