Precursor concentration-dependent structural, optical and electrical properties of titanium dioxide nanostructures

Li, 2022, Application of nanostructured TiO2 in UV photodetectors: a review, Adv. Mater., 34 Byrne, 2019, Effect of Cu doping on the anatase-to-rutile phase transition in TiO2 photocatalysts: theory and experiments, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 246, 266, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.058 Chaudhari, 2012, Effect of nano TiO2 pretreatment on functional properties of cotton fabric, Int. J. Eng. Res. Dev., 1, 24 Lee, 2011, 283 Lazau, 2007, Consideration regarding the use of TiO2 doped nanoparticles in medicine, Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostruct., 2, 257 Kanehira, 2005, Fabrication of TiO2–SiO2 photonic crystals with diamond structure, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88, 1461, 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00277.x Yip, 2011, Direct and seamless coupling of TiO2 nanotube photonic crystal to dye‐sensitized solar cell: a single‐step approach, Adv. Mater., 23, 5624, 10.1002/adma.201103591 Chen, 2013, Hollow TiO2 porous nanosheets: transformation from ZnO porous nanosheets and application in photoelectrochemical cells, ChemSusChem, 6, 983, 10.1002/cssc.201300099 Oh, 2006, Significantly accelerated osteoblast cell growth on aligned TiO2 nanotubes, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials, 78, 97, 10.1002/jbm.a.30722 Zhu, 2011, The toxicity and oxidative stress of TiO2 nanoparticles in marine abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 63, 334, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.006 Contado, 2011 Byrne, 2016, New approach of modifying the anatase to rutile transition temperature in TiO 2 photocatalysts, RSC Adv., 6, 95232, 10.1039/C6RA19759K Guo, 2019, Fundamentals of TiO2 photocatalysis: concepts, mechanisms, and challenges, Adv. Mater., 31, 10.1002/adma.201901997 Egusa, 2008, Suspected association of an allergic reaction with titanium dental implants: a clinical report, J. Prosthet. Dent, 100, 344, 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60233-4 Gázquez, 2014, A review of the production cycle of titanium dioxide pigment, Mater. Sci. Appl., 5, 441 Long, 2012, 131 Pustovalov, 1968, The status and principal trends of the science of geology, Int. Geol. Rev., 10, 549, 10.1080/00206816809474904 Semenova, 1987, Peculiarities of concentrated strain zone structure in two-phase titanium alloys, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 63, 105 Theivasanthi, 2013 Dette, 2014, TiO2 anatase with a bandgap in the visible region, Nano Lett., 14, 6533, 10.1021/nl503131s Landmann, 2012, The electronic structure and optical response of rutile, anatase and brookite TiO2, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 24, 10.1088/0953-8984/24/19/195503 Koelsch, 2002, Comparison of optical and electrochemical properties of anatase and brookite TiO2 synthesized by the sol–gel method, Thin Solid Films, 403, 312, 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01509-7 Prabu, 2015, Micro strain and morphological studies of anatase and rutile phase TiO2 nanocrystals prepared via sol-gel and solvothermal method-A comparative study, Int J Sci Res Sci Eng Tech, 1 Valencia, 2009, Study of the bandgap of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticules using the sol-gel method and a hydrothermal treatment, Open Mater. Sci. J., 4, 10.2174/1874088X01004010009 Arai, 1984, TiO2-supported fe–co, co–ni, and ni–fe alloy catalysts for fischer-tropsch synthesis, Chem. Lett., 13, 1291, 10.1246/cl.1984.1291 Yu, 2018, Constructing superhydrophobic WO3@ TiO2 nanoflake surface beyond amorphous alloy against electrochemical corrosion on iron steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 436, 527, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.211 Li, 2013, Effects of nano-additive TiO2 on performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on 6063 aluminum alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 23, 406, 10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62477-2 Zubillaga, 2008, Corrosion performance of anodic films containing polyaniline and TiO2 nanoparticles on AA3105 aluminium alloy, Surf. Coating. Technol., 202, 5936, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.06.169 Sun, 2004, Tribological rutile-TiO2 coating on aluminium alloy, Appl. Surf. Sci., 233, 328, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.03.241 Shen, 2009, Phosphorous, nitrogen, and molybdenum ternary co-doped TiO2: preparation and photocatalytic activities under visible light, J. Sol. Gel Sci. Technol., 50, 98, 10.1007/s10971-009-1903-8 Shang, 2019, Obvious effect of molybdenum supporting on morphology and upconversion luminescence of Er-Yb: TiO2 and improvement of H2 generation for W18O49, J. Alloys Compd., 785, 610, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.220 Wodka, 2010, Photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide modified by silver nanoparticles, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2, 1945, 10.1021/am1002684 Yu, 2003, Synthesis and characterization of phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide with high photocatalytic activity, Chem. Mater., 15, 2280, 10.1021/cm0340781 Peng, 2005, Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with mesoporous anatase wall and high photocatalytic activity, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 4947, 10.1021/jp044771r Saleh, 2012, Photo-catalyzed degradation of hazardous dye methyl orange by use of a composite catalyst consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 371, 101, 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.038 Grothe, 2010 Kavitha, 2013, Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanopowders in hydrothermal and Sol-Gel method, International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, 2, 102 Daghrir, 2013, Modified TiO2 for environmental photocatalytic applications: a review, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 3581, 10.1021/ie303468t Bakri, 2017, Effect of annealing temperature of titanium dioxide thin films on structural and electrical properties Ahmad, 2008, Effect of annealing temperature on titanium dioxide thin films prepared by sol gel method, 109 López-Quintela, 2004, Microemulsion dynamics and reactions in microemulsions, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 9, 264, 10.1016/j.cocis.2004.05.029 Shinde, 2008, Structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of sprayed TiO2 thin films: effect of precursor concentration, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 1266, 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02287.x Iraj, 2016, Controlled growth of vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays using the improved hydrothermal method and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells, J. Alloys Compd., 659, 44, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.004 Leffler, 2013 Selman, 2015, Effects of variations in precursor concentration on the growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods on Si substrate with fabricated fast-response metal–semiconductor–metal UV detector, Opt. Mater., 44, 37, 10.1016/j.optmat.2015.02.028 Burdett, 1987, Structural-electronic relationships in inorganic solids: powder neutron diffraction studies of the rutile and anatase polymorphs of titanium dioxide at 15 and 295 K, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 109, 3639, 10.1021/ja00246a021 Mohamad, 2015, A density functional study of structural, electronic and optical properties of titanium dioxide: characterization of rutile, anatase and brookite polymorphs, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 31, 405, 10.1016/j.mssp.2014.12.027 Tian, 2006, DFT description on electronic structure and optical absorption properties of anionic S-doped anatase TiO2, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 17866, 10.1021/jp0635462 Gong, 2012, Electronic structures and optical properties of TiO 2: improved density-functional-theory investigation, Chin. Phys. B, 21 Landmann, 2012, The electronic structure and optical response of rutile, anatase and brookite TiO2, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 24, 10.1088/0953-8984/24/19/195503 Labat, 2008, Structural and electronic properties of selected rutile and anatase TiO2 surfaces: an ab initio investigation, J. Chem. Theor. Comput., 4, 341, 10.1021/ct700221w Ariyanti, 2020, Surface modification of TiO 2 for visible light photocatalysis: experimental and theoretical calculations of its electronic and optical properties, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 34, 1, 10.1142/S0217979220400676 Zhu, 2014, The stability, electronic structure, and optical property of tio 2 polymorphs, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 11385, 10.1021/jp412462m Williamson, 1956, Dislocation densities in some annealed and cold-worked metals from measurements on the X-ray debye-scherrer spectrum, Phil. Mag., 1, 34, 10.1080/14786435608238074 Dariani, 2013, Microstructure characterization of TiO2 nanowires fabricated by thermal evaporation process, Thin Solid Films, 542, 192, 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.06.015 Zak, 2011, X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles by Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods, Solid State Sci., 13, 251, 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.11.024 Borse, 2012, Effect of firing temperature on the micro structural parameters of synthesized zinc oxide thick film resistors deposited by screen printing method, Sensors & Transducers, 144, 45 El-Eskandarany, 2013 Krill, 2001, Size-dependent grain-growth kinetics observed in nanocrystalline Fe, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 842, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.842 Tao, 2002, Inheritance of S f-RNase in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) and its relation to self-compatibility, Theor. Appl. Genet., 105, 222, 10.1007/s00122-002-0980-7 Zhu, 2006, A simple hydrothermal route for synthesizing SnO2 quantum dots, Nanotechnology, 17, 2386, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/9/052 Sotto, 2011, Effect of nanoparticle aggregation at low concentrations of TiO2 on the hydrophilicity, morphology, and fouling resistance of PES–TiO2 membranes, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 363, 540, 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.089 Omidvar, 2011, Influence of anodization parameters on the morphology of TiO2 nanotube arrays, Superlattice. Microst., 50, 26, 10.1016/j.spmi.2011.04.006 Chen, 2007, Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891, 10.1021/cr0500535 Mathew, 2013, Effect of iodine concentration on the photovoltaic properties of dye sensitized solar cells for various I2/LiI ratios, Electrochim. Acta, 87, 92, 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.104 Rechden Filho, 2018 Shon, 2009 Tang, 1994, Electrical and optical properties of TiO2 anatase thin films, J. Appl. Phys., 75, 2042, 10.1063/1.356306 Lin, 2003, Fabrication and optical properties of TiO2 nanowire arrays made by sol–gel electrophoresis deposition into anodic alumina membranes, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 15, 2917, 10.1088/0953-8984/15/17/339 Wang, 2012, Well-to-wheels energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of ethanol from corn, sugarcane and cellulosic biomass for US use, Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045905 Carp, 2004, Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide, Prog. Solid State Chem., 32, 33, 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.08.001 Varghese, 2003, Hydrogen sensing using titania nanotubes, Sensor. Actuator. B Chem., 93, 338, 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00222-3