Clinical impact of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections

Livermore, 2002, Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: our worst nightmare?, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 634, 10.1086/338782 2004, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report. Data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004, Am J Infect Control, 32, 470, 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.10.001 Cosgrove, 2006, The relationship between antimicrobial resistance and patient outcomes: mortality, length of hospital stay, and health care costs, Clin Infect Dis, 42, 82, 10.1086/499406 Bodey, 1985, Pseudomonas bacteremia. Retrospective analysis of 410 episodes, Arch Intern Med, 145, 1621, 10.1001/archinte.145.9.1621 Bryan, 1983, Analysis of 1,186 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia in non-university hospitals: the effects of antimicrobial therapy, Rev Infect Dis, 5, 629, 10.1093/clinids/5.4.629 Chatzinikolaou, 2000, Recent experience with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with cancer: retrospective analysis of 245 episodes, Arch Intern Med, 160, 501, 10.1001/archinte.160.4.501 Kang, 2003, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: risk factors for mortality and influence of delayed receipt of effective antimicrobial therapy on clinical outcome, Clin Infect Dis, 37, 745, 10.1086/377200 Charlson, 1987, A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation, J Chronic Dis, 40, 373, 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 Gall, 1984, A simplified acute physiology score for ICU patients, Crit Care Med, 12, 975, 10.1097/00003246-198411000-00012 Garner, 1988, CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988, Am J Infect Control, 16, 128, 10.1016/0196-6553(88)90053-3 Kang, 2005, Bloodstream infections caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for mortality and impact of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy on outcome, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49, 760, 10.1128/AAC.49.2.760-766.2005 Friedman, 2002, Health care-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections, Ann Intern Med, 137, 791, 10.7326/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00007 Bone, 1992, Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine, Chest, 101, 1644, 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 2005, American Thoracic Society documents. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 171, 388, 10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2005 Kang, 2005, Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and influence of resistance on mortality in patients with bloodstream infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Microb Drug Resist, 11, 68, 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.68 Tam, 2007, Prevalence, mechanisms, and risk factors of carbapenem resistance in bloodstream isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 58, 309, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.05.006 Paramythiotou, 2004, Acquisition of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients in intensive care units: role of antibiotics with antipseudomonal activity, Clin Infect Dis, 38, 670, 10.1086/381550 Pena, 2007, Effects of carbapenem exposure on the risk for digestive tract carriage of intensive care unit-endemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in critically ill patients, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 1967, 10.1128/AAC.01483-06 Tacconelli, 2002, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: analysis of trends in prevalence and epidemiology, Emerg Infect Dis, 8, 220, 10.3201/eid0802.010121 Blot, 2002, Nosocomial bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients: clinical outcome and length of hospitalization, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 1600, 10.1086/340616 Aloush, 2006, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and clinical impact, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 43, 10.1128/AAC.50.1.43-48.2006 Harris, 1999, Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of patients with multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clin Infect Dis, 28, 1128, 10.1086/514760 Kollef, 1999, Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients, Chest, 115, 462, 10.1378/chest.115.2.462 Ramphal, 2005, Importance of adequate initial antimicrobial therapy, Chemotherapy, 51, 171, 10.1159/000086574 Linares, 2005, Overexpression of the multidrug efflux pumps MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN is associated with a reduction of type III secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, J Bacteriol, 187, 1384, 10.1128/JB.187.4.1384-1391.2005 Sanchez, 2002, Fitness of in vitro selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa nalB and nfxB multidrug resistant mutants, J Antimicrob Chemother, 50, 657, 10.1093/jac/dkf185