Role of sultamicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam in the treatment of upper and lower bacterial respiratory tract infections

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 1999—Making a Difference. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999. Nathwani, 1993, Penicillins. A current review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use, Drugs, 45, 866, 10.2165/00003495-199345060-00002 Debbia, 1999, Epidemiology of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the major respiratory pathogens circulating in Europe, Infection, 27, S9, 10.1007/BF02561662 Schito, 1995, The beta-lactamase problem: new therapeutic options, J. Chemother., 7, 5 Woodhead, 1998, Community-acquired pneumonia guidelines—an international comparison: a view from Europe, Chest, 113, S183, 10.1378/chest.113.3_Supplement.183S Williams, 1999, Beta-lactamases and beta-lactamase inhibitors, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 12, S3, 10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00085-0 Felmingham, 1999, Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens—findings of the Alexander Project 1992–1996, J. Chemother., 11, 5, 10.1179/joc.1999.11.Supplement-2.5 Lees, 1986, Sulbactam plus ampicillin: interim review of efficacy and safety for therapeutic and prophylactic use, Rev. Infect. Dis., 8, S644, 10.1093/clinids/8.Supplement_5.S644 Pitts, 1989, Worldwide clinical experience with sultamicillin, APMIS Suppl., 5, 23 Raillard, 1992, Low-dose sultamicillin oral suspension in the treatment of mild-to-moderate paediatric infections in Turkey, J. Int. Med. Res., 20, 12A Pontani, 1998, Susceptibility of European respiratory tract isolates to trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ampicillin, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 17, 413, 10.1007/BF01691574 Bush, 1995, A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 39, 1211, 10.1128/AAC.39.6.1211 Williams, 1997, Beta-lactamase inhibition and in vitro activity of sulbactam and sulbactam/cefoperazone, Clin. Infect. Dis., 24, 494, 10.1093/clinids/24.3.494 Campoli-Richards, 1987, Sulbactam/ampicillin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use, Drugs, 33, 577, 10.2165/00003495-198733060-00003 Jones, 1988, In vitro evaluations of aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, Drugs, 35, 17, 10.2165/00003495-198800357-00005 Murray, 1994, Multicenter evaluation of the in vitro activity of piperacillin–tazobactam compared with eleven selected beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin against more than 42,000 aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 19, 111, 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90121-X Wexler, 1991, Effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the activities of various beta-lactam agents against anaerobic bacteria, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 1219, 10.1128/AAC.35.6.1219 Lode, 1989, The pharmacokinetics of sultamicillin, APMIS Suppl., 5, 17 Foulds, 1986, Pharmacokinetics of sulbactam/ampicillin in humans: a review, Rev. Infect. Dis., 8, S503, 10.1093/clinids/8.Supplement_5.503 Desager, 1989, Oral bioavailability of ampicillin and amoxycillin alone and bound in fixed proportions to sulbactam and clavulanic acid, J. Int. Med. Res., 17, 532, 10.1177/030006058901700606 Cocchi, 1992, An open non-comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of sultamicillin in the therapy of respiratory infections in childhood, Clin. Ter., 141, 183 Alvart, 1992, An open multicentre study to compare the efficacy and safety of sultamicillin with that of cefuroxime axetil in acute ear nose and throat infections in adults, J. Int. Med. Res., 20, 53A Federspil, 1989, Sultamicillin versus amoxicillin in the treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis: a European multicenter study, APMIS Suppl., 5, 45 Nicoletti, 1991, Sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of otitis and sinusitis, J. Int. Med. Res., 19, 29A Arguello, 1992, An open non-comparative pilot study of the safety and efficacy of oral sultamicillin in the treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections in children, J. Int. Med. Res., 20, 24A Kaleida, 1986, Sultamicillin (ampicillin–sulbactam) in the treatment of acute otitis media in children, Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 5, 33, 10.1097/00006454-198601000-00007 Rodriguez, 1990, Sultamicillin (sulbactam/ampicillin) versus amoxycillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in children, J. Int. Med. Res., 18, 78D Biolcati, 1992, An open comparative study of the efficacy and safety of sultamicillin versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children, J. Int. Med. Res., 20, 31A Chan, 1993, Comparative study of sultamicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanate: treatment of acute otitis media, Ped. Infect. Dis. J., 12, 24, 10.1097/00006454-199301000-00007 Mehtar, 1986, A non-comparative study of parenteral ampicillin and sulbactam in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal infections, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 17, 389, 10.1093/jac/17.3.389 Geckler, 1994, A comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, Clin. Ther., 16, 662 Jauregui, 1995, A comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefotaxime in the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients, J. Chemother., 7, 153, 10.1179/joc.1995.7.2.153 Rossoff, 1995, Intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of patients hospitalized with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, Curr. Ther. Res., 56, 852, 10.1016/0011-393X(95)85088-0 Schwigon, 1996, Which antibiotic is better for the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract?, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 6, S73, 10.1016/S0924-8579(96)80012-4 Schwigon, 1996, Comparison of sulbactam/ampicillin and cefuroxime in infections of the lower respiratory tract: results of a prospective, randomized and comparative study, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 6, S67, 10.1016/S0924-8579(96)80011-2 Ozbay, 1997, A comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefuroxime in the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections, Eur. Respir. J., 10, 383S Castellano, 1998, Treatment of LRTIs: two antimicrobials compared, Infect. Dis., 15, 259 Valcke, 1989, A non-comparative study of the safety and efficacy of parenteral sulbactam/ampicillin followed by oral sultamicillin for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, Curr. Ther. Res., 45, 43 Tageldin, 1992, Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with sultamicillin, J. Int. Med. Res., 20, 44A Dagan, 1998, Can the choice of antibiotics for therapy of acute otitis media be logical?, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 17, 1, 10.1007/BF01584355 Neu, 1993, Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its efficacy in over 38,500 patients from 1979 to 1992, J. Chemother., 5, 67, 10.1080/1120009X.1993.11739213 McKinnon, 1999, Efficacy and cost of ampicillin–sulbactam and ticarcillin–clavulanate in the treatment of hospitalized patients with bacterial infections, Pharmacotherapy, 19, 724, 10.1592/phco.19.9.724.31537 Zervos, 1997, Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of ampicillin/sulbactam in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract., 6, 473, 10.1097/00019048-199706070-00012 Tan, 1994, A comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam with cefoxitin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections of bacterial etiology, Adv. Ther., 11, 11 Jauregui, 1995, Ampicillin/sulbactam compared with cefotaxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections of bacterial etiology, Adv. Ther., 12, 62 Williams, 1994, Randomized comparative trial with ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefamandole in the therapy of community acquired pneumonia, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 13, 293, 10.1007/BF01974603 Berk, 1993, A comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam with cefamandole in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly, Infect. Med., 10, 29 Oviasu, 1987, Effectiveness of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of lobar pneumonia, Curr. Ther. Res., 41, 99 Holzapfel, 1996, Efficacy of sulbactam–ampicillin combination in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia, Med. Mal. Infect., 26, 576 Natale, 1998, Sulbactam–ampicillin monotherapy in the ambulatory treatment of pneumonia. Results of mono-administration, Clin. Ter., 149, 151 Ishibashi, 1998, Clinical efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin in comparison with cefotiam in the treatment of elderly patients with pneumonia, Jpn. J. Antibiot., 51, 746 Orlov, 1994, Sulacillin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, Antibiot. Khimioter., 39, 45 Ilvan, 1997, Acute infectious exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease and effects of azithromycine, sultamycilline, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate, Cerrahpasa. J. Med., 28, 73 Umut, 1999, Determination of the etiological organism during acute exacerbations of COPD and efficacy of azithromycin, ampicillin–sulbactam, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor, J. Chemother., 11, 211, 10.1179/joc.1999.11.3.211 Cunha, 1991, Ampicillin/sulbactam in lower respiratory tract infections: a review, Clin. Ther., 13, 714 Benson, 1988, Sulbactam/ampicillin, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor/beta-lactam antibiotic combination, Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm., 22, 534, 10.1177/106002808802200702 Limauro, 1999, Amoxicillin/clavulanate-associated hepatic failure with progression to Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Ann. Pharmacother., 33, 560, 10.1345/aph.18104 Niederman, 1998, Community-acquired pneumonia: a North American perspective, Chest, 113, 179S, 10.1378/chest.113.3_Supplement.179S Mandell, 1993, Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a conference report, Can. J. Infect. Dis., 4, 25, 10.1155/1993/308589 Niederman, 1993, Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 148, 1418, 10.1164/ajrccm/148.5.1418 Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française. Infections des voies respiratoires. Conférence de consensus en thérapie anti-infectieuse, Rev Med Infect 1991;21(Suppl):S1–S8. Gialdroni Grassi, 1995, Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Italian Society of Pneumology/Italian Society of Respiratory Medicine Italian Society of Chemotherapy, Monaldi. Arch. Chest Dis., 50, 21 Dorca, 1997, Diagnostico y tratamiento de la neumonia adquirida en la communidad, Arch. Bronchoneumol., 33, 240, 10.1016/S0300-2896(15)30614-1 British Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital, Br J Hosp Med 1993;49:346–350. Bartlett, 1998, Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for management, Clin. Infect. Dis., 26, 811, 10.1086/513953 Huchon, 1998, Management of adult community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, Eur. Resp. Rev., 8, 391 Anthonisen, 1987, Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Ann. Intern. Med., 106, 196, 10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196