Tempering of steel
Tóm tắt
Tempering of martensitic steels involves the segregation of carbon, the precipitation of carbides, the decomposition of retained austenite, and the recovery and recrystallization of the martensitic structure. Because these several reactions overlap and occur on such a fine scale, it is only recently that our knowledge of the resulting structures has become reasonably complete. Our present understanding of the processes involved in the tempering of iron-carbon martensites and how they are affected by alloying elements is reviewed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_title=High Speed Steel; citation_publication_date=1931; citation_id=CR1; citation_author=M. A. Grossman; citation_author=E. C. Bain; citation_publisher=John Wiley
citation_title=Functions of the Alloying Elements in Steel; citation_publication_date=1939; citation_id=CR2; citation_author=E. C. Bain; citation_publisher=ASM
citation_journal_title=J. Iron SteelInst.; citation_author=E.C. Bain; citation_volume=181; citation_publication_date=1955; citation_pages=193-212; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=J. Iron Steel Inst.; citation_author=G. R. Speich, P. R. Swann; citation_volume=203; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_pages=480-85; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=A. R. Marder, G. Krauss; citation_volume=60; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=651-59; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Trans. TMS-AIME; citation_author=J. D. Embury, A. S. Keh, R. M. Fisher; citation_volume=236; citation_publication_date=1966; citation_pages=1252-60; citation_id=CR6
G. R. Speich: private communication, E. C. Bain Laboratory, U. S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa., April 1971.
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=A. B. Greninger, A. R. Troiano; citation_volume=30; citation_publication_date=1942; citation_pages=1-26; citation_id=CR8
citation_journal_title=J. Iron Steel Inst; citation_author=M. J. Bibby, J. Gordon Parr; citation_volume=202; citation_publication_date=1964; citation_pages=100-04; citation_id=CR9
citation_journal_title=Japan Inst. Metals; citation_author=M. Cohen; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_pages=XXIII-XXIX; citation_id=CR10
J.D.Baird: Metals Mater, 1971, vol. 5, pp. l-18;IronSteel, 1963, vol. 36, p. 186.
citation_journal_title=Trans. TMS-AIME; citation_author=G. R. Speich; citation_volume=245; citation_publication_date=1969; citation_pages=2553-64; citation_id=CR12
citation_title=High Strength Materials; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_id=CR13; citation_author=W. S. Owen; citation_author=A. Wilson E.; citation_author=Bell T.; citation_publisher=John Wiley
citation_journal_title=Rev. Met. Mem. Soc.; citation_author=G. V. Kurdjumov; citation_volume=64; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=99-110; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Fiz. Metal. Metalloved.; citation_author=G. V. Kurdjumov; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=909-17; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Fiz. Metal. Metalloved.; citation_author=S. 0. Suvorova, V. I. Sarrak, R. I. Entin; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1964; citation_pages=105-11; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Trans. TMS-AIME; citation_author=J. M. R. Genin, P. R. Flinn; citation_volume=242; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_pages=1419-30; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=G. Winchell, M. Cohen; citation_volume=55; citation_publication_date=1962; citation_pages=347-61; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=Fiz. Metal. Metalloved; citation_author=V. I. Izotov, L. M. Utevskii; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_pages=98-100; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Fiz. Tverd. Tela.; citation_author=A. G. Khachaturyan; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=2861-69; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=ActaMet; citation_author=R. A. Johnson; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=513-17; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=ActaMet.; citation_author=R.A. Johnson; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_pages=1259-62; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=ActaMet; citation_author=D. W. Hoffman; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=1970; citation_pages=819-33; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Acta Met; citation_author=M. G. H. Wells; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=1964; citation_pages=389-99; citation_doi=10.1016/0001-6160(64)90009-4; citation_id=CR24
citation_title=An Investigation of the Quench Aging Process in Iron; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_id=CR25; citation_author=F. W. Langer; citation_publisher=Department of Metallurgy, Technical University
citation_journal_title=Met. Trans.; citation_author=H. W. Wagenblast, R. Glenn; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1970; citation_pages=2299-2304; citation_id=CR26
citation_title=Mechanical Working of Steel II; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_id=CR27; citation_author=W. C. Leslie; citation_author=A. S. Keh; citation_publisher=Gordon and Breach
citation_journal_title=J. Phys. Soc. Japan; citation_author=H. Ino, T. Mouya, E. Fujita, Y. Maeda, Y. Oni, Y. Inokuti; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_pages=88-99; citation_doi=10.1143/JPSJ.25.88; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_author=K. H. Jack, S. Wild; citation_volume=212; citation_publication_date=1966; citation_pages=248-50; citation_doi=10.1038/212248b0; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=ActaMet; citation_author=W. C. Leslie, R. M. Fisher, N. Sen; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=1959; citation_pages=632-44; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Rev. Univ. Mines; citation_author=A. Lutts; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=325-41; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Can. Met. Quart; citation_author=A. Galibois, A. Dubé; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=1964; citation_pages=321-43; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Can. Met. Quart; citation_author=A. Galibois, A. Dubé; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=21-36; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=J. Iron SteelInst; citation_author=C. Leslie W., Hornbogen E., E. Dieter G.; citation_volume=200; citation_publication_date=1962; citation_pages=622-33; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=Trans. TMS-AIME; citation_author=G. S. Ansell, A. Arrot; citation_volume=227; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=1080-82; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=G. S. Ansell, E. M. Breinan; citation_volume=58; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_pages=110-13; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=Jap. Inst. Metals; citation_author=G. S. Ansell, V. I. Lizunov, R. W. Messier; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1968; citation_pages=933-39; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=J. Iron Steel Inst; citation_author=K. Kuo; citation_volume=184; citation_publication_date=1956; citation_pages=258-68; citation_id=CR38
G. R. Speich, D. Dabkowski, and L. F. Porter:Met. Trans., 1972, to be pub-lished.
R. W. K. Honeycombe and A. K. Seal:Precipitation Processes in Steels, Iron Steel Inst., Spec. Rep. No. 64, 1959, pp. 44–56.
R. W. K. Honeycombe:Metallography 1963, Iron Steel Inst., Spec. Rep. No. 80, 1964, pp. 246–305.
R. W. K. Honeycombe:Metallurgical Developments in High-Alloy Steels, Iron Steel Inst, Spec. Rep. No. 86, 1964, pp. 1–14.
R. W. K. Honeycombe, H. J. Harding, and J. T. Irani:High Strength Materials, pp. 213–50, John Wiley, 1965.
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=V. K. Chandhok, J. P. Hirth, E. J. Dulis; citation_volume=56; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=677-91; citation_id=CR44
J. T. Michalak and G. R. Speich: unpublished work, E. C. Bain Laboratory, U. S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa.
citation_journal_title=Trans. TMS-AIME; citation_author=V. K. Chandhok, J. P. Hirth, E. J. Dulis; citation_volume=224; citation_publication_date=1962; citation_pages=858-64; citation_id=CR46
R. L. Rickett and J. M. Hodge:Proc. ASTM, 1951, pp. 931–44.
citation_title=Metallurgical Factors Affecting Toughness; citation_publication_date=1969; citation_id=CR48; citation_author=L. F. Porter; citation_publisher=ASM Seminar
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=W. S. Owen; citation_volume=46; citation_publication_date=1954; citation_pages=812-29; citation_id=CR49
citation_title=Materials Science Research; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_id=CR50; citation_author=A. S. Keh; citation_author=W. C. Leslie; citation_publisher=Plenum Press
citation_journal_title=J Iron Steel Inst; citation_author=R. A. Tewau, P. R. Dahr; citation_volume=208; citation_publication_date=1970; citation_pages=87-88; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=J. Iron Steel Inst; citation_author=B. C. Wood fine; citation_volume=173; citation_publication_date=1953; citation_pages=229-39; citation_id=CR52
citation_title=Fracture of Engineering Materials; citation_publication_date=1959; citation_id=CR53; citation_author=J. R. Low; citation_publisher=ASM
citation_journal_title=Trans. ASM; citation_author=P. A. Restaini, C. J. McMahon; citation_volume=60; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=699-706; citation_id=CR54