The effect of Fe and Ni catalysts on the growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using chemical vapor deposition

Ajayan PM, Iijima S (1993) Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes. Nature 361:333–334. doi:10.1038/361333a0 Baker RTK, Barber MA, Harris PS et al (1972) Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from the nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene. J Catal 26:51–62. doi:10.1016/0021-9517(72)90032-2 Bartsch K, Biedermann K, Gemming T et al (2005) On the diffusion-controlled growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Phys 97:114301-1–114301-7 Benoit JM, Buisson JP, Chauvet O et al (2002) Low-frequency Raman studies of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: experiments and theory. Phys Rev B: Condens Matter Mater Phys 66:073417-1–073417-4 Bertoni G, Cepek C, Romanato F et al (2004) Growth of multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotubes with in situ high vacuum catalyst deposition. Carbon 42:440–443. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.11.005 Chen P, Wu X, Lin J et al (1999) High H2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures. Science 285:91–93. doi:10.1126/science.285.5424.91 Dai HJ, Hafner JH, Rinzler AG et al (1996) Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy. Nature 384:147–150. doi:10.1038/384147a0 Deck CP, Vecchio K (2005) Growth mechanism of vapor phase CVD-grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 43:2608–2617. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.05.012 Fujita J, Ishida M, Ichihashi T et al (2003) Carbon nanopillar laterally grown with electron beam-induced chemical vapor deposition. J Vac Sci Technol B 21:2990–2993. doi:10.1116/1.1624259 Holstein WL (1995) The roles of ordinary and soret diffusion in the metal-catalyzed formation of filamentous carbon. J Catal 152:42–51. doi:10.1006/jcat.1995.1058 Huang ZP, Carnahan DL, Rybczynski J et al (2003) Growth of large periodic arrays of carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 82:460–462. doi:10.1063/1.1539299 Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–58. doi:10.1038/354056a0 Iijima S (1993) Growth of carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng B 19:172–180. doi:10.1016/0921-5107(93)90184-O Jak MJJ, Konstapel C, van Kreuningen A et al (2000) Scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the growth of small palladium particles on TiO2 (110). Surf Sci 457:295–310. doi:10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00431-3 Jeong HJ, Jeong SY, Shin YM (2002) Dual-catalyst growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes at low temperature in thermal chemical vapor deposition. Chem Phys Lett 361:189–195. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00904-1 Jinno M, Bandow S, Ando Y (2004) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes produced by direct current arc discharge in hydrogen gas. Chem Phys Lett 398:256–259. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.064 Journet C, Master WK, Bernier P et al (1997) Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique. Nature 388:756–758. doi:10.1038/41972 Kim H, Sigmund W (2005) Iron nanoparticles in carbon nanotubes at various temperatures. J Cryst Growth 276:594–605. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.393 Kong J, Cassell AM, Dai HJ (1998) Chemical vapor deposition of methane for single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 292:567–574. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00745-3 Kuo CT, Lin CH, Lo AY (2003) Feasibility studies of magnetic particle-embedded carbon nanotubes for perpendicular recording media. Diam Relat. Mater. 12:799–805. doi:10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00231-5 Leonhardt A, Ritschel M, Kozhuharova R et al (2003) Synthesis and properties of filled carbon nanotubes. Diam Relat Mater 12:790–793. doi:10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00325-4 Meyyappan M, Delzeit L, Cassell A et al (2003) Carbon nanotube growth by PECVD: a review. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 12:205–216. doi:10.1088/0963-0252/12/2/312 Müller C, Golberg D, Leonhardt A et al (2006) Growth studies, TEM and XRD investigations of iron-filled carbon nanotubes. Phys Stat Sol (a) 203:1064–1068 Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R et al (2000) Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl Phys Lett 76:2868–2870. doi:10.1063/1.126500 Rao AM, Jorio A, Pimenta MA et al (2000) Polarized Raman study of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 84:1820–1823. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1820 Saito Y, Hamaguchi K, Hata K et al (1997) Conical beams from open nanotubes. Nature 389:554–555. doi:10.1038/39221 Sears GW, Hudson JB (1963) Mobility of silver crystallites on surfaces of MoS2 and graphite. J Chem Phys 39:2380–2381. doi:10.1063/1.1701454 Takagi D, Hibino H, Suzuki S et al (2007) Carbon nanotube growth from semiconductor nanoparticles. Nano Lett 7:2272–2275. doi:10.1021/nl0708011 Tans SJ, Verschueren ARM, Dekker C (1998) Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube. Nature 393:49–52. doi:10.1038/29954 Thess A, Lee R, Nikolaev P et al (1996) Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes. Science 273:483–487. doi:10.1126/science.273.5274.483 Thomas JM, Walker PL (1964) Mobility of metal particles on a graphite substrate. J Chem Phys 41:587–588. doi:10.1063/1.1725926 Tiller WA (1991) The science of crystallization: microscopic interfacial phenomena. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Tu Y, Huang ZP, Wang DZ et al (2002) Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes with controlled site density. Appl Phys Lett 80:4018–4020. doi:10.1063/1.1482790 Wei J, Jiang B, Zhang X et al (2003) Raman study on double-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 376:753–757. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01076-5 Zhang X, Cao A, Wei B et al (2002) Rapid growth of well-aligned carbon nanotube arrays. Chem Phys Lett 362:285–290. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01025-4 Zhao X, Ando Y, Qin L et al (2002) Characteristic Raman spectra of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Phys B 323:265–266. doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00986-9 Zou L, Lv R, Kang F et al (2008) Preparation and application of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes in lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 184:566–569. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.02.030