Ultrasound of the Placenta: A Systematic Approach. Part I: Imaging
Tài liệu tham khảo
Salafia, 2006, Placenta and fetal growth restriction, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 49, 236, 10.1097/00003081-200606000-00007
Gude, 2004, Growth and function of the normal human placenta, Thromb Res, 114, 397, 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.06.038
Hoogland, 1982, Ultrasonographic placental morphology, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 14, 81, 10.1159/000299455
Jauniaux, 1990, Ultrasonographic assessment of placental abnormalities, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 163, 1650, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90645-N
Harris, 1996, Sonography of the placenta with emphasis on pathological correlation, Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 17, 66, 10.1016/S0887-2171(96)90045-1
Astner, 1998, Sonographically detected fetal and placental abnormalities associated with trisomy 16 confined to the placenta. A case report and review of the literature, Prenat Diagn, 18, 1308, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199812)18:12<1308::AID-PD443>3.0.CO;2-H
Benirschke, 2000
Kanne, 2005, The placenta revisited: radiologic–pathologic correlation, Curr Probl Diagn Radiol, 34, 238, 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2005.08.001
Abramowicz, 2007, In utero imaging of the placenta: importance for diseases of pregnancy, Placenta, 28, S14, 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.02.004
Campbell, 1968, Placental localization by ultrasonic compound scanning, J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 75, 1007, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1968.tb02872.x
Donald, 1968, Placentography by sonar, J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 75, 993, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1968.tb02871.x
Spirt, 2001, Sonography of the placenta, 195
Fianu, 1978, The site of placental attachment as a factor in the aetiology of breech presentation, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 57, 371, 10.3109/00016347809154033
Filipov, 1990, The relationship of the location of the placenta and the indices of the fetus and birth process, Akush Ginekol (Sofiia), 29, 15
Gardberg, 1994, Anterior placental location predisposes for occiput posterior presentation near term, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 73, 151, 10.3109/00016349409013418
Salvador, 2002, Leiomyomata uteri, genetic amniocentesis, and the risk of second-trimester spontaneous abortion, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186, 913, 10.1067/mob.2002.123988
Cooper, 2005, Fibroids in pregnancy–common but poorly understood, Obstet Gynecol Surv, 60, 132, 10.1097/01.ogx.0000154688.02423.68
Sheiner, 2001, Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome, J Matern Fetal Med, 10, 414, 10.1080/jmf.10.6.414.419
Bhide, 2004, Recent advances in the management of placenta previa, Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 16, 447, 10.1097/00001703-200412000-00002
Oyelese, 2006, Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa, Obstet Gynecol, 107, 927, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000207559.15715.98
Timor-Tritsch, 1993, Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonography, Ann Med, 25, 279, 10.3109/07853899309147875
Yang, 2007, Association of caesarean delivery for first birth with placenta praevia and placental abruption in second pregnancy, BJOG, 114, 609, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01295.x
Krasznai, 2003, Uncommon type of placentation after previous cesarean deliveries, Obstet Gynecol, 102, 549, 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00629-X
Predanic, 2005, A sonographic assessment of different patterns of placenta previa “migration” in the third trimester of pregnancy, J Ultrasound Med, 24, 773, 10.7863/jum.2005.24.6.773
Oppenheimer, 2007, Diagnosis and management of placenta previa, J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 29, 261, 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32401-X
Kurjak, 1977, Changes of placental site diagnosed by repeated ultrasonic examination, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 56, 161, 10.3109/00016347709162113
Oppenheimer, 2001, Diagnosis of low-lying placenta: can migration in the third trimester predict outcome?, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 18, 100, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00450.x
King, 1973, Placental migration demonstrated by ultrasonography. A hypothesis of dynamic placentation, Radiology, 109, 167, 10.1148/109.1.167
Mustafa, 2002, Transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting placenta previa at delivery: a longitudinal study, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 20, 356, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00814.x
Oyelese, 1999, Vasa previa: an avoidable obstetric tragedy, Obstet Gynecol Surv, 54, 138, 10.1097/00006254-199902000-00024
Lee, 2000, Vasa previa: prenatal detection by three-dimensional ultrasonography, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 16, 384, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00188.x
Lijoi, 2003, Vasa previa diagnosis and management, J Am Board Fam Pract, 16, 543, 10.3122/jabfm.16.6.543
Canterino, 2005, Vasa previa: prenatal diagnosis and evaluation with 3-dimensional sonography and power angiography, J Ultrasound Med, 24, 721, 10.7863/jum.2005.24.5.721
Jones, 2000, Sonographic diagnosis of funic presentation: implications for delivery, BJOG, 107, 1055, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb10415.x
Baulies, 2007, Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of vasa praevia and analysis of risk factors, Prenat Diagn, 10.1002/pd.1753
Mazouni, 2006, Placenta accreta: a review of current advances in prenatal diagnosis, Placenta, 28, 599, 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.06.011
Wu, 2005, Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, 1458, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.074
Gielchinsky, 2002, Placenta accreta–summary of 10 years: a survey of 310 cases, Placenta, 23, 210, 10.1053/plac.2001.0764
Comstock, 2005, Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: a review, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 26, 89, 10.1002/uog.1926
DiGiacinto, 2006, Placenta accreta, Radiol Technol, 78, 165
McGahan, 1980, The anechoic retroplacental area: a pitfall in diagnosis of placental–endometrial abnormalities during pregnancy, Radiology, 134, 475, 10.1148/radiology.134.2.7352234
Comstock, 2004, Sonographic detection of placenta accreta in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190, 1135, 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.11.024
Lax, 2007, The value of specific MRI features in the evaluation of suspected placental invasion, Magn Reson Imaging, 25, 87, 10.1016/j.mri.2006.10.007
Palacios Jaraquemada, 2007, Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of placenta accreta, Obstet Gynecol, 109, 203, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000252282.05447.6a
Warshak, 2006, Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of placenta accreta, Obstet Gynecol, 108, 573, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000233155.62906.6d
Glantz, 2002, Clinical utility of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of placental abruption, J Ultrasound Med, 21, 837, 10.7863/jum.2002.21.8.837
Oyelese, 2006, Placental abruption, Obstet Gynecol, 108, 1005, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000239439.04364.9a
Sheiner, 2002, Incidence, obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome of preterm placental abruption: a retrospective analysis, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 11, 34, 10.1080/jmf.11.1.34.39
Sheiner, 2003, Placental abruption in term pregnancies: clinical significance and obstetric risk factors, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 13, 45, 10.1080/jmf.13.1.45.49
Ananth, 2004, Preterm premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine infection, and oligohydramnios: risk factors for placental abruption, Obstet Gynecol, 104, 71, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000128172.71408.a0
Tikkanen, 2006, Clinical presentation and risk factors of placental abruption, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 85, 700, 10.1080/00016340500449915
Salafia, 1995, Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks' gestation: associated placental pathologic features, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173, 1049, 10.1016/0002-9378(95)91325-4
Gersell, 1993, Chronic villitis, chronic chorioamnionitis, and maternal floor infarction, Semin Diagn Pathol, 10, 251
Deans, 1998, Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of subamniotic hematomas, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 11, 319, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1998.11050319.x
Kurjak, 1996, Subchorionic hematomas in early pregnancy: clinical outcome and blood flow patterns, J Matern Fetal Med, 5, 41, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6661(199601/02)5:1<41::AID-MFM10>3.0.CO;2-Q
Sepulveda, 2000, Prenatal diagnosis of solid placental masses: the value of color flow imaging, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 16, 554, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00245.x
Nagy, 2003, Clinical significance of subchorionic and retroplacental hematomas detected in the first trimester of pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 102, 94, 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00403-4
Richards, 1998, Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of massive subchorionic thrombohematoma, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 11, 364, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1998.11050364.x
Fisteag-Kiprono, 2005, Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of massive subchorionic hematoma: a case report, J Reprod Med, 50, 219
Bromley, 1994, Solid masses on the fetal surface of the placenta: differential diagnosis and clinical outcome, J Ultrasound Med, 13, 883, 10.7863/jum.1994.13.11.883
Wolf, 1989, Second-trimester placental volume measurement by ultrasound: prediction of fetal outcome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 160, 121, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90102-6
Jauniaux, 1994, Ultrasonographic investigation of placental morphologic characteristics and size during the second trimester of pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 170, 130, 10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70397-3
Thame, 2004, Fetal growth is directly related to maternal anthropometry and placental volume, Eur J Clin Nutr, 58, 894, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601909
Hafner, 2001, Three-dimensional sonographic volumetry of the placenta and the fetus between weeks 15 and 17 of gestation, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 18, 116, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00489.x
Metzenbauer, 2002, Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol, 206, 138, 10.1055/s-2002-33671
Hafner, 2006, Comparison between three-dimensional placental volume at 12 weeks and uterine artery impedance/notching at 22 weeks in screening for pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in a low-risk population, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 27, 652, 10.1002/uog.2641
Deurloo, 2007, Reproducibility of 3-dimensional sonographic measurements of fetal and placental volume at gestational ages of 11–18 weeks, J Clin Ultrasound, 35, 125, 10.1002/jcu.20306
Elchalal, 1999, Sonographically thick placenta: a marker for increase perinatal risk – a prospective cross-sectional study, Placenta, 21, 268, 10.1053/plac.1999.0466
Kuhlmann, 1996, Ultrasound of the placenta, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 39, 519, 10.1097/00003081-199609000-00004
Hohlfeld, 1991, Fetal toxoplasmosis: ultrasonographic signs, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 1, 241, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1991.01040241.x
La Torre, 2006, Placental enlargement in women with primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection is associated with fetal and neonatal disease, Clin Infect Dis, 43, 994, 10.1086/507634
Degani, 2006, Sonographic findings in fetal viral infections: a systematic review, Obstet Gynecol Surv, 61, 329, 10.1097/01.ogx.0000216518.85796.88
Kuhlmann, 1990, Placental histology in fetuses between 18 and 23 weeks' gestation with abnormal karyotype, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 163, 1264, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90704-B
Metzenbauer, 2002, First-trimester placental volume as a marker for chromosomal anomalies: preliminary results from an unselected population, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 19, 240, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00655.x
Gassner, 2003, Triploidy in a twin pregnancy: small placenta volume as an early sonographical marker, Prenat Diagn, 23, 16, 10.1002/pd.506
Bree, 1978, Trophoblastic disease with coexistent fetus: a sonographic and clinical spectrum, J Clin Ultrasound, 6, 310, 10.1002/jcu.1870060505
Barone, 1977, Ultrasonic diagnosis of hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus, Radiology, 124, 798, 10.1148/124.3.798
Sauerbrei, 1980, Coexistent hydatidiform mole and live fetus in the second trimester: an ultrasound study, Radiology, 135, 415, 10.1148/radiology.135.2.7367637
Crooij, 1985, A partial hydatidiform mole, dispersed throughout the placenta, coexisting with a normal living fetus. Case report, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, 104, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01057.x
Hertzberg, 1986, Gestational trophoblastic disease with coexistent normal fetus: evaluation by ultrasound-guided chorionic villus sampling, J Ultrasound Med, 5, 467, 10.7863/jum.1986.5.8.467
Feinberg, 1988, Sonographic diagnosis of a pregnancy with a diffuse hydatidiform mole and coexistent 46,XX fetus: a case report, Obstet Gynecol, 72, 485
Meiner, 1998, Tetraploidy in a growth-retarded fetus with a thick placenta, Prenat Diagn, 18, 864, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199808)18:8<864::AID-PD355>3.0.CO;2-I
Jauniaux, 1999, Partial moles: from postnatal to prenatal diagnosis, Placenta, 20, 379, 10.1053/plac.1999.0390
Ogura, 2006, Complete mole coexistent with a twin fetus, J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 32, 593, 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00463.x
Jauniaux, 1997, Perinatal features associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia, Placenta, 18, 701, 10.1016/S0143-4004(97)90012-6
Pham, 2006, Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: a report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature, Am J Clin Pathol, 126, 67, 10.1309/RV45HRD53YQ2YFTP
Parveen, 2007, Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 131, 131, 10.5858/2007-131-131-PMD
Cohen, 2005, Placental mesenchymal dysplasia associated with fetal aneuploidy, Prenat Diagn, 25, 187, 10.1002/pd.1103
Ohyama, 2000, Mesenchymal dysplasia of the placenta, Pathol Int, 50, 759, 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2000.01100.x
McCarthy, 1995, Circumvallate placenta: sonographic diagnosis, J Ultrasound Med, 14, 21, 10.7863/jum.1995.14.1.21
Harris, 1997, Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 168, 1603, 10.2214/ajr.168.6.9168736
Bey, 1991, The sonographic diagnosis of circumvallate placenta, Obstet Gynecol, 78, 515
Hata, 1988, Succenturiate placenta diagnosed by ultrasound, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 25, 273, 10.1159/000293798
Angtuaco, 1986, Sonographic diagnosis of the bilobate placenta, J Ultrasound Med, 5, 672, 10.7863/jum.1986.5.11.672
Fox, 1993, Pathology of the placenta, 1211
Greenberg, 1991, Placenta membranacea with placenta increta: a case report and literature review, Obstet Gynecol, 78, 512
Dinh, 1992, Placenta membranacea, previa and accreta. A case report, J Reprod Med, 37, 97
Wilkins, 1991, Partial placenta membranacea, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 98, 675, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13454.x
Hill, 1983, Grade 3 placentation: incidence and neonatal outcome, Obstet Gynecol, 61, 728
Grannum, 1979, The ultrasonic changes in the maturing placenta and their relation to fetal pulmonic maturity, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 133, 915, 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90312-0
Petrucha, 1982, Relationship of placental grade to gestational age, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 144, 733, 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90448-3
Baeza Valenzuela, 1995, Ginecol Obstet Mex, 63, 287
Vosmar, 1989, The value of ultrasonic placental grading: no correlation with intrauterine growth retardation or with maternal smoking, J Perinat Med, 17, 137, 10.1515/jpme.1989.17.2.137
Kara, 1999, Placental aging, fetal prognosis and fetomaternal Doppler indices, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 82, 47, 10.1016/S0301-2115(98)00209-7
Sau, 2004, Intraobserver and interobserver variation in the sonographic grading of placental maturity, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 23, 374, 10.1002/uog.1004
Crawford, 1985, Ultrasonic tissue characterization of the placenta: is it of clinical value?, J Clin Ultrasound, 13, 533, 10.1002/1097-0096(199010)13:8<533::AID-JCU1870130804>3.0.CO;2-F
Brown, 1988, Premature placental calcification in maternal cigarette smokers, Obstet Gynecol, 71, 914
McKenna, 2005, Ultrasonic evidence of placental calcification at 36 weeks' gestation: maternal and fetal outcomes, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 84, 7, 10.1080/j.0001-6349.2005.00563.x
Tindall, 1965, Placental calcification a study of 3,025 singleton and multiple pregnancies, J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw, 72, 356, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1965.tb01470.x
Poggi, 2001, Placental calcification: a metastatic process?, Placenta, 22, 591, 10.1053/plac.2001.0688
Garner, 2007, Gestational trophoblastic disease, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 50, 112, 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31802f17fc
Loh, 2004, Gestational trophoblastic disease, Med J Malaysia, 59, 697
Fleischer, 1978, Sonographic patterns in trophoblastic diseases, Radiology, 126, 215, 10.1148/126.1.215
Jain, 2005, Gestational trophoblastic disease: pictorial review, Ultrasound Q, 21, 245, 10.1097/01.ruq.0000191658.95192.89
Zhou, 2005, Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience, J Ultrasound Med, 24, 15, 10.7863/jum.2005.24.1.15
Gungor, 1998, Color Doppler ultrasonography in the earlier differentiation of benign mole hydatidiforms from malignant gestational trophoblastic disease, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 77, 860, 10.1080/j.1600-0412.1998.770814.x
Jauniaux, 1997, Early ultrasound diagnosis and follow-up of molar pregnancies, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 9, 17, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1997.09010017.x
Fox, 1978, Nontrophoblastic tumors of the placenta, 343
Wehrens, 2004, Fetal cardiovascular response to large placental chorioangiomas, J Perinat Med, 32, 107, 10.1515/JPM.2004.020
Maymon, 2003, Chorioangioma and its severe infantile sequelae: case report, Prenat Diagn, 23, 976, 10.1002/pd.738
Batukan, 2001, Large placental chorioangioma as a cause of sudden intrauterine fetal death. A case report, Fetal Diagn Ther, 16, 394, 10.1159/000053946
Azevedo, 1997, Acta Med Port, 10, 725
Horigome, 1997, Large placental chorioangiomas as a cause of cardiac failure in two fetuses, Fetal Diagn Ther, 12, 241, 10.1159/000264476
Dorman, 1995, Ballantyne syndrome caused by a large placental chorioangioma, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173, 1632, 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90666-5
Lopez, 1989, Chorioangioma of the placenta, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 28, 108, 10.1159/000293527
Scharl, 1987, Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol, 191, 250
Bruhwiler, 1986, Ultraschall Med, 7, 245, 10.1055/s-2007-1011957
van Wering, 1985, Prenatal diagnosis of chorioangioma associated with polyhydramnios using ultrasound, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 19, 255, 10.1016/0028-2243(85)90037-1
Dao, 1981, Chorioangioma of the placenta: report of 2 cases with ultrasound study in 1, Obstet Gynecol, 57, 46S
O'Malley, 1981, Ultrasound appearances of placental chorioangioma, Radiology, 138, 159, 10.1148/radiology.138.1.7455078
Zalel, 2002, Chorioangiomas of the placenta: sonographic and Doppler flow characteristics, J Ultrasound Med, 21, 909, 10.7863/jum.2002.21.8.909
Napolitano, 2005, Prenatal diagnosis of placental chorioangioma: our experience, Minerva Ginecol, 57, 649
Sepulveda, 2000, Placental chorioangioma, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 16, 597, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00299.x
Shalev, 1984, Prenatal diagnosis of placental hemangioma–clinical implication: a case report, Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 22, 291, 10.1016/0020-7292(84)90085-7
Prapas, 2000, Color Doppler imaging of placental masses: differential diagnosis and fetal outcome, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 16, 559, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00324.x
Zalel, 2002, Role of color Doppler imaging in diagnosing and managing pregnancies complicated by placental chorioangioma, J Clin Ultrasound, 30, 264, 10.1002/jcu.10072
Shih, 2004, Quantitative three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound predicts the outcome of placental chorioangioma, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 24, 202, 10.1002/uog.1081
Hata, 2004, Three-dimensional sonographic features of placental abnormalities, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 57, 61, 10.1159/000075379
Hata, 2004, Three-dimensional power Doppler angiographic features of placental chorioangioma, J Ultrasound Med, 23, 1517, 10.7863/jum.2004.23.11.1517
Meinhard, 1999, Placental teratoma – a case report, Pathol Res Pract, 195, 649, 10.1016/S0344-0338(99)80130-7
Gillet, 2001, J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris), 30, 789
Ahmed, 2004, Sonographic diagnosis of placental teratoma, J Clin Ultrasound, 32, 98, 10.1002/jcu.10231
Cooperberg, 1979, Ultrasonographic demonstration of a placental maternal lake, J Clin Ultrasound, 7, 62, 10.1002/jcu.1870070118
Thompson, 2002, Are placental lakes of any clinical significance?, Placenta, 23, 685, 10.1053/plac.2002.0837
Reis, 2005, Placental lakes on sonographic examination: correlation with obstetric outcome and pathologic findings, J Clin Ultrasound, 33, 67, 10.1002/jcu.20086
Altman, 2003, Placental metastasis of maternal melanoma, J Am Acad Dermatol, 49, 1150, 10.1016/S0190-9622(03)00124-5
Al-Adnani, 2007, Maternal pancreatic carcinoma metastatic to the placenta: a case report and literature review, Pediatr Dev Pathol, 10, 61, 10.2350/06-06-0119.1
Roberts, 2006, Clinical significance of placental examination in perinatal medicine, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 19, 255, 10.1080/14767050600676349
Meirowitz, 2006, Diagnosis of placental abscess in association with recurrent maternal bacteremia in a twin pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 107, 463, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000165268.09352.ed
Ferrara, 1996, Subchorionic placental cyst: histopathological and clinical aspects in two cases, Pathologica, 88, 439
Brown, 2002, Placental surface cysts detected on sonography: histologic and clinical correlation, J Ultrasound Med, 21, 641, 10.7863/jum.2002.21.6.641
Raga, 1996, Subchorionic placental cyst: a cause of fetal growth retardation – ultrasound and color-flow Doppler diagnosis and follow-up, J Natl Med Assoc, 88, 285
Schramm, 1987, Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 47, 124, 10.1055/s-2008-1035791
Hong, 2007, Prenatal diagnosis of a large subchorionic placental cyst with intracystic hematomas. A case report, Fetal Diagn Ther, 22, 259, 10.1159/000100786
Bajoria, 1997, The case for routine determination of chorionicity and zygosity in multiple pregnancy, Prenat Diagn, 17, 1207, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199712)17:13<1207::AID-PD295>3.0.CO;2-F
Machin, 2004, Why is it important to diagnose chorionicity and how do we do it?, Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 18, 515, 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.04.013
Fick, 2006, Unequal placental sharing and birth weight discordance in monochorionic diamniotic twins, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 178, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.015
Machin, 2005, Vascular anatomy of monochorionic placentas, 976
Finberg, 1992, The “twin peak” sign: reliable evidence of dichorionic twinning, J Ultrasound Med, 11, 571, 10.7863/jum.1992.11.11.571
Shetty, 2005, The sonographic diagnosis of chorionicity, Prenat Diagn, 25, 735, 10.1002/pd.1266
Lee, 2006, Antenatal sonographic prediction of twin chorionicity, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 863, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.039
Wood, 1996, Evaluation of the twin peak or lambda sign in determining chorionicity in multiple pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 88, 6, 10.1016/0029-7844(96)00094-4
Carroll, 2002, Prediction of chorionicity in twin pregnancies at 10–14 weeks of gestation, BJOG, 109, 182
Bracero, 2003, Ultrasound determination of chorionicity and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies using dividing membrane thickness, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 55, 50, 10.1159/000068958
Babinszki, 1999, Diagnosing amnionicity at 6 weeks of pregnancy with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography: case report, Fertil Steril, 71, 1161
Senat, 2006, Determining chorionicity in twin gestations: three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar sonographic measurement of intra-amniotic membrane thickness, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 28, 665, 10.1002/uog.2835