Heavy metals distribution in the coral reef ecosystems of the Northern Red Sea

Abdel-Salam HA (1989) The physiological effects of environmental stress on Atlantic reef corals. Ph. D. thesis, University of Georgia, USA Al-Abdali F, Massoud, Al-Ghadban AN (1996) Bottom sediments of the Arabian GulfIII. Trace metal contents as indicators of pollution and implications for the effect and fate of the Kuwait oil slick. Environ Pollut 93(3):285–301 Ali AAM (2001) Human impacts on coral reefs along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Ph.D. thesis, University of Zagazig, Egypt Ali AAM, Hamed MA (2006) Impact of water quality deterioration on coral reef community structure in the Northern Red Sea, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 10(2):117–146 Al-Rousan SA, Al-Shloul RN, Al-Horani FA, Abu-Hilal AH (2007) Heavy metal contents in growth bands of Porites corals: record of anthropogenic and human developments from the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba. Mar Pollut Bull 24(12):1912–1922 Anu G, Kumar NC, Jayalakshmi KV, Nair SM (2007) Monitoring of heavy metal partitioning in reef corals of Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Environ Monit Assess 128:195–208 APHA, American Public Health Association (1989) Standard methods for the examination of waters and wastewaters, 17th edn. APHA, Washington, pp 203–216 ANZECC, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (1992) Australian water quality guidelines for fresh and marine waters Bastidas C, Garcia E (1999) Metal content on the reef coral Porites astreoides: an evaluation of river influence and 35 years of chronology. Mar Pollut Bull 38:899–907 Brady BA, Johns RB, Smith JD (1994) Trace metal geochemical association in sediments from the Cairns Region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 28:230–234 Brown BE (1987) Heavy metals pollution on coral reefs. In: Salvat B (ed) Human impacts on coral reefs: facts and recommendations. Antenne Museum E. P. H. E, French Polynesia, pp 119–134 Brown BE, Holley MC (1982) Metal levels associated with tin dredging and smelting, and their effect upon intertidal reef flats at Ko Phuket, Thailand. Coral Reefs 1:131–137 Brown BE, Howard LS (1985) Assessing the effects of stress on reef corals. Adv Mar Biol 22:1–63 Brown BE, Tudhope AW, Le Tissier MDA, Scoffin TP (1991) A novel mechanism for iron incorporation into coral skeletons. Coral Reefs 10:211–215 Chester R (1990) Marine geochemistry. Allen and Unwin, Australia, p 698 Chester R, Lin FG, Basaham AS (1994) Trace metals solid state speciation changes associated with the down-column fluxes of oceanic particulates. J Geol Soc Lond 151:351–360 Clark RB (1992) Marine pollution. Claredon, Oxford Corrège T (2006) Monitoring of terrestrial input by massive corals. J Geochem Explor 88:380–383 Dallinger R, Rainbow PS (1993) Ecotoxicology of metals in invertebrates. Lewis Publishers, London, pp 5–23 David CP (2003) Heavy metal concentrations in growth bands of corals: a record of mine tailings input through time (Marinduque Island, Philippines). Mar Pollut Bull 46:187–196 De Carlo EH, Spencer KJ (1995) Records of lead and other heavy metal inputs to sediments of the Ala Wai Canal, O, ahu, Hawaii, vol 49/4. Pacific Science, University of Hawaii Press, pp 471–491 Dodge RE, Gilbert TR (1984) Chronology of lead pollution contained in banded coral skeletons. Mar Biol 82:9–13 Dodge RE, Logan A, Antonius A (1982) Quantitative reef assessment studies in Bermuda: a comparison of methods and preliminary results. Bull Mar Sci 32(3):745–760 Esquivel IF (1983) Short term bioassay on the planula of the reef corals Pocillopora damicornis. In: Jokiel PL, Richmond RH, Rogers RA (eds) Coral reef population biology. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology technical report 37, pp 465–472 Esslemont G (2000) Heavy metals in seawater, marine sediments and corals from the Townsville section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland. Mar Chem 71(3–4):215–231 Falkowski PG, Dubinsky Z, Muscatine L, McCloskey L (1993) Population control in symbiotic corals: ammonium ions and organic materials maintain the density of zooxanthellae. Bioscience 43(9):606–611 Fallon SJ, White JC, McCulloch MT (2002) Porites corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66(1):45–62 Ferrier-Pages C, Schoelzke V, Jaubert J, Muscatine L, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2001) Response of a scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata, to iron and nitrate enrichment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 259:249–261 Ferrier-Pagès C, Houlbrèque F, Wyse E, Richard C, Allemand D, Boisson F (2005) Bioaccumulation of zinc in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Coral Reefs 24(4):636–645 Goh BL (1991) Mortality and settlement success of Pocillopora damicornis planula larvae during recovery from low levels of nickel. Pac Sci 45:276–286 Guzman HM, Jimenez CE (1992) Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean coast of Central America (Costa Rica and Panama). Mar Pollut Bull 24(11):554–561 Hanna RGM, Muir GL (1990) Red Sea corals as biomonitor of trace metal pollution. Environ Monit Assess 14:211–222 Harland AD, Brown BE (1989) Metal tolerance in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea. Mar Pollut Bull 20:353–357 Haynes D, Johnson JE (2000) Oraganochlorine, heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 41(7–12):267–278 Heyward AJ (1988) Inhibitory effects of copper and zinc sulphates on fertilization in corals. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp Aust 2:299–303 Howard LS, Brown BE (1984) Heavy metals and reef corals. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 22:195–210 Jayaraju N, Sundara Raja Reddy BC, Reddy KR (2009) Heavy metal pollution in reef corals of Tuticorin Coast, Southeast Coast of India. Soil Sediment Contam 18(4):445–454 Kayser H (1976) Waste-water assay with continuous algal cultures: the effects of mercuric acetate on the growth of some marine Dinoflagellates. Mar Biol 36:61–72 Klumpp DW, Peterson PJ (1979) Arsenic and other trace elements in the water and organisms of an estuary in S. W. England. Environ Pollut 19:11–20 Koop K, Booth D, Broadbent A, Brodie J, Bucher D, Capone D, Coll J, Dennison W, Erdmann M, Harrison P, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hutchings P, Jones GB, Larkum AWD, O’Neil J, Steven A, Tentori E, Ward S, Williamson J, Yellolees D (2001) ENCORE: the effects of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs. Synthesis of results and conclusions. Mar Pollut Bull 42(2):91–120 Leon LM, Warnken J (2008) Copper and sewage inputs from recreational vessels at popular anchor sites in a semi-enclosed Bay (Qld, Australia): estimates of potential annual loads. Mar Pollut Bull 57(6–12):838–845 Machiwa JF (1992) Anthropogenic pollution in the Dar es Salam Harbour area, Tanzania. Mar Pollut Bull 24(11):562–567 Mance G (1987) Pollution threats of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 372 Mansour AM, Nawar AH, Madkour HA (2005) Metals concentrations of recent invertebrates along the Red Sea coast of Egypt: a tool for monitoring environmental hazards. Sedimentol Egypt 13:171–185 Measures CL, Vink S (1999) Seasonal variations in the distribution of Fe and Al in the surface waters of the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Res 46:1597–1622 Metwally MES, Al-Muzaini S, Jacob PG, Bahloul M, Urushigawa Y, Sato S, Matsmura A (1997) Petroleum hydrocarbons and related heavy metals in the near-shore marine sediments of Kuwait. Environ Int 23(1):115–121 Mitchelmore CL, Verde EA, Weis VM (2007) Uptake and partitioning of copper and cadmium in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Aquat Toxicol 85:48–56 Oregioni B, Aston SR (1984) The determination of selected trace metals in marine sediment by flameless/flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. IAEA Monaco Laboratory, International report Patterson CC (1983) Criticism of “Flow of metals into the global atmosphere”. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1163–1168 Patterson CC, Settle D, Glover B (1976) Analysis of lead in polluted coastal seawater. Mar Chem 4:305–319 Peters EC, Gassman NJ, Firman JC, Richmond RH, Power EA (1997) Ecotoxicology of tropical marine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 16(1):12–40 Phillips DJH (1980) Toxicity and accumulation of cadmium in marine and estuarine biota. In: Nriagu JE (ed) Cadmium in the environment. Part 1. Ecological cycling, New York, pp 426–570 Rainbow PS (1990) Heavy metal levels in marine invertebrates. In: Furness RW, Rainbow PS (eds) Heavy metals in the marine environment. CRC Press, Inc., Florida, pp 67–79 Rainbow PS, Phillips DJH, Depledge MH (1990) The significance of trace metal concentrations in marine invertebrates: a need for laboratory investigation of accumulation strategies. Mar Pollut Bull 21(7):321–324 Ramos AA, Inoue Y, Ohde S (2004) Metal content in Porites corals: anthropogenic input of river runoff into a coral reef from an urbanized area, Okinawa. Mar Pollut Bull 48:281–294 Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Harrison PL (1999) The effects of copper, zinc and cadmium on fertilization success of gametes from scleractinian reef corals. Mar Pollut Bull 38(3):182–187 Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Harrison PL (2000) The effect of copper on the settlement success of larvae from the scleractinian coral Acropora tennis. Mar Pollut Bull 41(7–12):385–391 Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Harrison PL (2005) The effects of selected trace metals on fertilization success of several scleractinian coral species. Coral Reefs 24:524–534 Reichelt-Brushett AJ, McOristb G (2003) Trace metals in the living and nonliving components of scleractinian corals. Mar Pollut Bull 46(12):1573–1582 Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Michalek-Wagner K (2005) Effects of copper on the fertilization success of the soft coral Lobophytum compactum. Aquat Toxicol 74:280–284 Riley JP, Chester R (1989) Introduction to marine chemistry. St. Edmundsbury Press, Great Britain, p 465 Sabdono A (2009) Heavy metal levels and their potential toxic effect on coral Galaxea fascicularis from Java Sea, Indonesia. Res J Environ Sci 3(1):96–102 Sadiq M (1992) Toxic metal chemistry in marine environments. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 390 Schiff K, Diehl D, Valkirs A (2004) Copper emission from antifouling paint on recreational vessels. Mar Pollut Bull 48:371–377 Scott PJB (1990) Chronic pollution recorded in coral skeletons in Hong Kong. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 139:51–64 Shen GT, Campbell TM, Dunbar RB, Wellington GM, Colgan MW, Glynn PW (1991) Paleochemistry of manganese in corals from the Galapagos Island. Coral Reefs 10:91–100 Shriadah MA (1998) Metal pollution in marine sediments of the United Arab Emirates Creeks along the Arabian Gulf shoreline. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 60:417–424 Turner A (2010) Marine pollution from antifouling paint particles. Mar Pollut Bull 60(2):159–171 Viarengo A (1989) Heavy metals in marine invertebrates: mechanisms of regulation and toxicity at the cellular level. CRC Crit Rev Aquat Sci 1:295–317 Waldichuk M (1985) Biological availability of metals to marine organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 16:7–11