Beckett, 1967, Blood concentrations of pethidine and pentazocine in mother and infant at time of birth, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 19, 50S
Belsey, 1981, The influence of maternal analgesia on neonatal behaviour I. Pethidine, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 88, 398, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01004.x
de Boer, 1987, A comparison of the effects of maternally administered meptazinol and pethidine on neonatal acid-base status, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 94, 256, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02364.x
Bower, 1981, Plasma protein binding of fentanyl, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 33, 507, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13849.x
Brackbill, 1974, Obstetric premedication and infant outcome, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 118, 377, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33797-8
Caldwell, 1977, Transplacental passage and neonatal elimination of pethidine given to mothers in childbirth, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 4, 715P
Caldwell, 1978, Impaired metabolism of pethidine in the human neonate, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 5, 362P
Connaughton, 1975, Current concepts in the management of the pregnant opiate addict, Addictive Diseases, 2, 21
Craft, 1983, Placental passage and uterine effects of fentanyl, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 62, 894, 10.1213/00000539-198310000-00007
Cravey, 1981, Placental transfer of narcotic analgesics in man, Clinical Toxicology, 18, 911, 10.3109/15563658108990318
Dawes, 1973, Theory of fetal drug equilibration, 381
Denson, 1984, The clinical relevance of the drug displacement interaction between meperidine and bupivacaine, Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 45, 323
Duncan, 1969, Maternal placental and myometrial blood flow in the pregnant rabbit, Journal of Physiology, 202, 471, 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008821
Duncan, 1969, Comparison of pentazocine and pethidine in normal labour, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 105, 197, 10.1016/0002-9378(69)90057-X
Franklin, 1981, Preliminary studies on the disposition of meptazinol in the neonate, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 12, 88, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01862.x
Gabrielsson, 1983, A physiological pharmacokinetic model for morphine disposition in the pregnant rat, Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 11, 147, 10.1007/BF01061846
Garrett, 1985, Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its surrogates VI: Bioanalysis, solvolysis kinetics, solubility, pKa values, and protein binding of buprenorphine, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74, 515, 10.1002/jps.2600740505
Gepts, 1986, Pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of intravenous and epidural alfentanil in parturient women, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 65, 1155, 10.1213/00000539-198611000-00010
Golub, 1986, Maternal-fetal distribution of morphine and alfentanil in near-term sheep and rhesus monkeys, Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 9, 12, 10.1159/000457072
Guilhem, 1953, Les effets sur le nouveau-né de la péthidine, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, 52, 196
Hamshaw-Thomas, 1985, Placental transfer of bupivacaine, pethidine and lignocaine in the rabbit. Effect of umbilical flow rate and protein content, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 92, 706, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01453.x
Hamshaw-Thomas, 1984, Transfer of bupivacaine, lignocaine and pethidine across the rabbit placenta—influence of maternal protein binding and fetal flow, Placenta, 5, 61, 10.1016/S0143-4004(84)80049-1
Holmberg, 1982, Pethidine binding to blood cells and plasma proteins in old and young subjects, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 23, 457, 10.1007/BF00605998
Illsley, 1985, Diffusional permeability of the human placenta, Contributions to Gynecology and Obstetrics, 13, 92, 10.1159/000410674
Jackson, 1983, Preliminary clinical and pharmacokinetic experiences in the newborn when meptazinol is compared with pethidine as an obstetric analgesic, Postgraduate Medical Journal, 59, 47
Justins, 1982, A controlled trial of extradural fentanyl in labour, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 54, 409, 10.1093/bja/54.4.409
Justins, 1983, Epidural versus intramuscular fentanyl. Analgesia and pharmacokinetics in labour, Anaesthesia, 38, 937, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb12022.x
Kariniemi, 1986, Intramuscular pethidine (meperidine) during labor associated with metabolic acidosis in the newborn, Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 14, 131, 10.1515/jpme.1986.14.2.131
Kaufman, 1975, Microelectrometric titration measurements of the pKa's and partition and drug distribution coefficients of narcotics and narcotic antagonists and their pH and temperature dependence, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 18, 647, 10.1021/jm00241a001
Klenka, 1986, Babies born in a district general hospital to mothers taking heroin, British Medical Journal, 293, 745, 10.1136/bmj.293.6549.745
Knott, 1986, Phenytoin kinetics during pregnancy and the puerperium, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93, 1030, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07827.x
Krauer, 1984, Changes in serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein concentrations during pregnancy: an analysis of feto-maternal pairs, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91, 875, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb03700.x
Kreek, 1979, Methadone disposition during the perinatal period in humans, Pharmacology Biochemistry Behavior, 11, 7
Kuhnert, 1979, Meperidine and normeperidine levels following meperidine administration during labor II: fetus and neonate, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 133, 909, 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90311-9
La Rosa, 1984, Pethidine binding in plasma: effects of methodological variables, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 17, 411, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02365.x
Levitt, 1982, Postnatal persistence of methadone following prenatal exposure in the rat, Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 4, 383
Lieberman, 1979, The effects of maternally administered pethidine or epidural bupivacaine on the fetus and newborn, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 86, 598, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1979.tb10820.x
Maduska, 1978, A double-blind comparison of butorphanol and meperidine in labour: maternal pain relief and effect on the newborn, Canadian Anaesthetic Society Journal, 25, 398, 10.1007/BF03006569
Maduska, 1980, Placental transfer and other physiologic studies with intravenous butorphanol in the anesthetised pregnant ewe, Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 29, 229
Meuldermans, 1982, Plasma protein binding and distribution of fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and lofentanil in blood, Archives Internationale de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 257, 4
Meuldermans, 1986, Protein binding of the analgesics alfentanil and sufentanil in maternal and neonatal plasma, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 30, 217, 10.1007/BF00614307
Mihaly, 1984, Placental drug transfer: effects of gestational age and species, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 23, 253, 10.1016/0163-7258(83)90015-3
Moore, 1973, The placental transfer of pentazocine and pethidine, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 45, 748
Moreland, 1983, The influence of dose-delivery time interval on neonatal plasma pethidine levels, Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 62, 549, 10.3109/00016348309156247
Morrison, 1976, Metabolites of meperidine in the fetal and maternal serum, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 126, 997, 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90691-8
Morselli, 1980, Placental transfer of pethidine and norpethidine and their pharmacokinetics in the newborn, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 18, 25, 10.1007/BF00561475
Muller, 1986, Drug binding to human α1-acid glycoprotein. Focus on a single binding site, 29
Nation, 1981, Meperidine binding in maternal and fetal plasma, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 29, 472, 10.1038/clpt.1981.65
Norbury, 1983, Pharmacokinetics of the new analgesic, meptazinol, after oral and intravenous administration to volunteers, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 25, 77, 10.1007/BF00544019
Notarianni, 1981, Placental transfer of pethidine and bupivacaine, Neuropharmacology, 20, 1253
Oldendorf, 1974, Lipid solubility and drug penetration of the blood brain barrier, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 147, 813, 10.3181/00379727-147-38444
Oliva, 1980, Effetti della meperidina e della pentazocina sul feto e sull'attivita contrattile uterina, Annali di Obstetricia, Ginecologia, Medicina Perinatale, CI, 63
Pittman, 1980, Human perinatal distribution of butorphanol, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138, 797, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)32739-9
Refstad, 1980, Ventilatory depression of the newborn of women receiving pethidine or pentazocine. A double-blind comparative trial, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 52, 265, 10.1093/bja/52.3.265
Reynolds, 1981, Distribution of drugs in amniotic fluid, 261
Reynolds, 1984, The fetus and placenta, 1069
Reynolds, 1987, Transfer across membranes, 63
Roberts, 1957, Effects of some analgesic drugs used in childbirth with special reference to variation in respiratory minute volume of the newborn, Lancet, i, 128, 10.1016/S0140-6736(57)90202-7
Romach, 1981, Methadone binding to orosomucoid (α1-acid glycoprotein): determinant of free fraction in plasma, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 29, 211, 10.1038/clpt.1981.34
Rosen, 1975, Disposition of methadone and its relationship to severity of withdrawal in the newborn, Addictive Diseases, 2, 169
Sawe, 1986, High-dose morphine and methadone in cancer patients. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations of oral treatment, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 11, 87, 10.2165/00003088-198611020-00001
Schneider, 1985, Permeability of the human placenta for hydrophilic substances studied in the isolated dually in vitro perfused lobe, Contributions to Gynecology and Obstetrics, 13, 98, 10.1159/000410675
Shier, 1973, Placental transfer of meperidine HCl. Part II, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 115, 556, 10.1016/0002-9378(73)90407-9
Shnider, 1964, Effects of meperidine on the newborn infant, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89, 1009, 10.1016/0002-9378(64)90292-3
Stauber, 1982, Pregnancy, birth and puerperium in women suffering from heroin addition, Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1–3/4, 128, 10.3109/01674828209081243
Stephen, 1977, The role of analgesics in respiratory depression: a rabbit model, Anaesthesia, 32, 324, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1977.tb11629.x
Szeto, 1978, Meperidine pharmacokinetics in the maternal-fetal unit, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 206, 448
Szeto, 1978, Amniotic fluid transfer of meperidine from maternal plasma in early pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52, 59
Szeto, 1979, Urinary excretion of meperidine by the fetal lamb, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 209, 244
Szeto, 1980, Brain uptake of meperidine in the fetal lamb, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138, 528, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90281-1
Szeto, 1982, A comparison of morphine and methadone disposition in the maternal-fetal unit, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 143, 700, 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90118-1
Szeto, 1982, The contribution of transplacental clearances and fetal clearance to drug disposition in the ovine maternal-fetal unit, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 10, 382
Szeto, 1982, The relationship between maternal and fetal plasma protein binding of methadone in the ewe during the third trimester, Life Science, 30, 1271, 10.1016/0024-3205(82)90689-0
Thalme, 1974, Lumbar epidural analgesia in labour I. Acid-base balance and clinical condition, of mother, fetus and newborn child, Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 53, 27, 10.3109/00016347409156885
Tomson, 1982, Maternal kinetics and transplacental passage of pethidine during labour, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 13, 653, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01432.x
Tylden, 1977, Psychiatric disorders including drug therapy and addiction, Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 4, 435, 10.1016/S0306-3356(21)00399-X
Verbeeck, 1984, Effect of age and sex on the plasma binding of acidic and basic drugs, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 27, 91, 10.1007/BF02395213
Vella, 1985, Epidural fentanyl in labour. An evaluation of the systemic contribution of anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, 40, 741, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10997.x
Vella, 1986, Transfer of fentanyl across the rabbit placenta—effect of umbilical flow and concurrent drug administration, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 58, 49, 10.1093/bja/58.1.49
Wiener, 1977, Effects of naloxone on pethidine-induced neonatal depression, British Medical Journal, 2, 228, 10.1136/bmj.2.6081.228
Wilson, 1986, Transplacental gradient of pethidine and nalbuphine in labour, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 21, 571P