Studies on ion exchange membranes with permselectivity for specific ions in electrodialysis

Onoue, 1961, Selectivity of cation exchange membrane for NaCl-CaCl2 system, Denki Kagaku, 29, 187 Onoue, 1961, Permselectivity of improved cation exchange membranes for NaCl-CaCl2 system, Denki Kagaku, 29, 544 Yawataya, 1962, Thinly resin coated cation exchange resin membrane with permselectivity between uni- and di-valent cations, 501 b A. Nishihara, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane having preferential permselectivity between cations, Jpn. Pat. JP 38-6647 (examined application). H. Hani, A. Nishihara and Y. Yoshida, Cation exchange membrane having preferential permselectivity between two cations, Jpn. Pat. JP 36-3164 (examined application). Katsube, 1969, Electric potential drop across cation-exchange membranes with high permeability to univalent cations in electrodialytic concentration of sea water, Rep. Res. Lab., 19, 43 Sata, 1978, Modification of properties of cation exchange membranes by various polyelectrolytes, J. Polym. Sci., 16, 1063 Diaz, 1979, Electro-chemical polymerization of pyrrole, J. Chem. Soc., 653 Kanazawa, 1979, Organic metals: polypyrrole, a stable synthetic metallic polymer, J. Chem. Soc., 854 Khulbe, 1982, Polymerization of pyrrole by potassium persulfate, J. Polym. Sci., 20, 1089 Baker, 1991, Electrochemically induced charge and mass transport in polypyrrole/poly(styrenesulfonate) molecular composites, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 4446, 10.1021/j100164a053 Mo, 1990, Morphology and electrochemical properties of polypyrrole films prepared in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents, J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 904 Shi, 1992, Electrochemical and chemical synthesis of poly(thiophenes) containing oligo(oxyethylene) substituents, Macromolecules, 25, 6425, 10.1021/ma00050a007 Burgmayer, 1984, Ion gate electrodes: polypyrrole as a switchable ion conductor membrane, J. Phys. Chem., 88, 2515, 10.1021/j150656a017 Feldheim, 1992, Switchable gate membranes. Conducting polymer film for the selective transport of neutral solution species, J. Membrane Sci., 70, 9, 10.1016/0376-7388(92)80075-U T. Sata, Separation membrane for pervaporation, Jpn. Pat. JP 4-122423 (unexamined application). Sata, 1993, High acid retention properties of composite membranes prepared from an-ion exchange membrane and poly(pyrrole), J. Chem. Soc., 1159 Sata, 1992, Preparation of redox cell properties of cation exchange membrane combined anisotropically with polypyrrole, J. Membrane Sci., 66, 289, 10.1016/0376-7388(92)87018-S Sata, 1992, Properties of ion exchange membranes combined anisotropically with conducting polymers. 2. Relationship of electrical potential generation to preparation conditions of composite membranes, Chem. Mater, 3, 838, 10.1021/cm00017a019 Yasuda, 1992, Modification of cation exchange membrane by polypyrrole/polypyrrole-formaldehyde condensation product and permeability behavior of its modified membrane, 3rd Membrane Symposium, 52 Yamane, 1964, Preparation of SO2−4 nonpermselective anion exchange membrane, Denki Kagaku, 32, 277 b Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane and H. Motomura, Preparation method of anion exchange membrane having monovalent anion permselectivity, Jpn. Pat. JP 41-3913 (examined application) c H. Hani, A. Nishihara and Y. Oda, Anion exchange resin membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 36-15258 (examined application). K. Mihara, T. Misumi, Y. Yamagoe, H. Miyauchi and K. Tsuzura, Preparation method of anion exchange membranes, Jpn. Pat. JP 44-8985 (examined application. a T. Gunjima and Y. Sugaya, Preparation method of anion exchange membrane having permselectivity between anions, Jpn. Pat. JP 48-34999 (examined application) b T. Gunjima and Y. Sugaya, Preparation method of anion exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 53-1071 (examined application). Yamane, 1965, Permselectivity of the amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (2), Denki Kagaku, 33, 589 Glueckauf, 1956, A new electrolytic separation technique using semi-permeable membranes, J. Appl. Chem., 6, 511, 10.1002/jctb.5010061105 Sata, 1972, Transport properties of ion exchange membranes which adsorbed or ion-exchange surface active agent, Kolloid Z. Z. Polym., 250, 157 Sata, 1978, Modification of properties of ion exchange membrane. V. Structure of cationic polyelectrolyte on the surface of cation exchange membranes, Colloid Polym. Sci., 256, 757, 10.1007/BF01438033 Sata, 1972, Transport properties of ion exchange membrane in the presence of surface active agents, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 40, 317, 10.1016/0021-9797(72)90340-2 Sata, 1979, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. VII. Relative transport number between various cations of cations exchange membrane having cationic polyelectrolyte layer and mechanism of selective permeation of particular cations, J. Polym. Sci., 17, 2071 Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane and T. Sata, Electrodialysis method to permeate lower valent cations selectively, Jpn. Pat. JP 46-23607 (examined application). Sata, 1989, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. IX. Layer formation on the cation exchange membranes by acid-amide bonding and transport properties of the resultant membrane, J. Membrane Sci., 45, 197, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80514-1 b Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane, T. Sata and R. Izuo, Cation exchange membrane and method of making same, US Pat. 3,670,086. Sata, 1973, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. II. Transport properties of cation exchange membrane in the presence of water-soluble polymers, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 44, 393, 10.1016/0021-9797(73)90315-9 Sata, 1990, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. XI. Electrodialytic properites of cation exchange membranes having polyethyleneimine layer fixed by acid-amide bond, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 24, 2349, 10.1002/app.1990.070410935 Sata, 1989, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. XII. Ionic composition in cation exchange membranes with and without a cationic polyelectrolyte layer at equilibrium and during electrodialysis, J. Membrane Sci., 45, 209, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80515-3 Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane and T. Sata, Method to permeate monovalent ions selectively by using ion exchange membranes, Jpn. Pat. JP 50-3991 (examined application). T. Sata, R. Izuo and F. Hanada, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 53-43909 (examined application). T. Sata, R. Izuo and F. Hanada, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 56-8048 (examined application). Kavanov, 1967, Specific polymerication of vinylpyridinium salts, Polymerization on macromolecular “matrices”, J. Polymer Sci., 16, 1079, 10.1002/polc.5070160242 Kargina, 1968, Polymerization de la 4-vinylpiridine sur les “matrices” polyacides, J. Polymer Sci, 22, 339, 10.1002/polc.5070220128 Ogumi, 1989, Enhancement of proton selectivity of cation exchange membrane by plasma polymerization, J. Electrochem. Soc., 136, 1247, 10.1149/1.2096867 Ogumi, 1990, Modification of ion exchange membrane surface by plasma process. 1. H+ ion perm-selective membrane from Nafion for redox-flow battery, J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 1430, 10.1149/1.2086686 Ogumi, 1990, Modification of ion exchange membrane surface by plasma process. Part 2. Monovalent cation permselective membrane from perfluorosulfonic cation exchange membrane, J. Membrane Sci., 54, 163, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)82077-3 Ogumi, 1990, Modification of ion exchange membrane surface by plasma process. Part 3. Interfacial resistance of monovalent cation perm-selective membrane from Nation, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 63, 2150, 10.1246/bcsj.63.2150 Yasuda, 1992, Enchancement of monovalent cation perm-selectivity of Nafion by plasma-induced surface modification, Chem. Lett., 2013, 10.1246/cl.1992.2013 K. Mihara, T. Misumi, H. Miyauchi and Y. Ishida, Ion exchange membranes with excellent permselectivity between ions with the same charge, Jpn. Pat. JP 48-34676 (examined application). Sata, 1989, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. X. Formation of polyethyleneimine layer on cation exchange membrane by acid-amide bond, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 171, 101, 10.1002/apmc.1989.051710108 b Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane, T. Sata and R. Izuo, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 47-3801 (examined application) Ohomura, 1990, Monovalent cation permselective membrane, Bull. Soc. Sea Water Sci. Jpn. (Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi), 44, 116 K. Mihara, T. Misumi, H. Miyauchi and Y. Ishida, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane with excellent permselectivity between cations, Jpn. Pat. JP 47-3081 (examined application). Sata, 1979, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. VI. Electrodialytic transport properties of cation exchange membranes with a electrodeposition layer of cationic polyelectrolytes, J. Polym. Sci., 17, 1199 S. Tsushima, T. Misumi and A. Murakoshi, Method to enhance monovalent cation permselectivity of cation exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 53-44155 (examined application). Azechi, 1972, Treatment for giving low-permselectivity of bivalent cations to cation exchange membrane by adding reagent to feed sea water. I, Bull. Soc. Sea Water Sci. Jpn. (Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi), 26, 38 Azechi, 1972, Treatment for giving low-permselectivity to bivalent cation on cation exchange membrane with added reagent of sea water, Bull. Soc. Sea Water Sci. Jpn. (Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi), 26, 141 Tanaka, 1981, Treatment of ion exchange membranes to decrease divalent ion permselectivity, J. Membrane Sci., 8, 115, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)82086-4 a K. Mihara, T. Misumi, H. Miyauchi and Y. Ishida, Anion exchange membrane having excellent permselectivity between anions, Jpn. Pat. JP 45-19980 b K. Mihara, T. Misumi andH. Miyauchi, Anion exchange membranes with excellent permselectivity between ions with the same charge, Jpn. Pat. JP 48-34676 (examined application) Kusumoto, 1979, Organic fouling of ion exchange membranes, Bull. Soc. Sea Water Sci. Jpn. (Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi), 33, 151 Hodgdon, 1973, Macroreticular anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis in the presence of surface water foulants, Desalination, 13, 105, 10.1016/S0011-9164(00)82039-1 Kusumoto, 1976, Preparation of macroreticular anion exchange membrane and its behavior relating to organic fouling, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 20, 3207, 10.1002/app.1976.070201201 Y. Mizutani, R. Yamane, T. Sata and R. Izuo, Desalination method. Jpn. Pat. JP 50-4352 (examined application). Lang, 1968, Demineralization by transport depletion, J. Electrochem. Soc., 115, 88C Sata, 1978, Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. III. Interaction between ion exchange membranes and surface active agents, Colloid Polym. Sci., 256, 62, 10.1007/BF01746692 Sata, 1993, Anti-organic fouling properties of composite membranes prepared from anion exchange membranes and polypyrrole, J. Chem. Soc., 1122 Sata, 1993, Properties of composite membranes formed from ion-exchange membranes and conducting polymers. 4. Change in membrane resistance during electrodialysis in the presence of surface-active agents, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 6920, 10.1021/j100128a029 Soga, 1962, Electrochemical properties of chelate membranes, Bull. Soc. Sea Water Sci. Jpn. (Nippon En Gakkaishi), 16, 24 Onoue, 1961, Permselectivity of salicylic acid-cation exchange membranes, Denki Kagaku, 30, 189 T. Kuwata and S. Yoshikawa, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane, Jpn. Pat. JP 40-531 (examined application). R. Ehara, T. Misumi and T. Miha, Preparation method of cation exchange membrane with preferential permselectivity to lower valent cation, Jpn. Pat. JP 49-3917 (examined application). a T. Sata and R. Izuo, Cation exchange membrane with preferential permeability for higher valence cations, Jpn. Pat. JP 55-39567 (examined application) b T. Sata and R. Izuo, Electrodialysis method to make higher valence cations permeate selectively, Jpn. Pat. JP 54-1270 (examined application). Rautenbach, 1987, Nitrate reduction of well water by reverse osmosis and electrodialysis - studies on plant performance and costs, Desalination, 65, 241, 10.1016/0011-9164(87)90137-8 Meller, 1992, Reduction of nitrate and nitrite in water by immobilized enzymes, Nature, 355, 717, 10.1038/355717a0 Kneifel, 1988, Nitrate removal by electrodinalysis for brewing water, Desalination, 68, 203, 10.1016/0011-9164(88)80055-9 Indusekhar, 1991, Removal of nitrate by electrodialysis, Desalination, 84, 213, 10.1016/0011-9164(91)85131-D Eyal, 1988, Nitrate-selective anion-exchange membranes, J. Membrane Sci., 38, 101, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80873-X Oldani, 1992, On the nitrate and monovalent cation selectivity of ion exchange membranes used in drinking water purification, J. Membrane Sci., 75, 265, 10.1016/0376-7388(92)85068-T a F. Lutin and T. Sata, Actes du Symposium International sur les Membranes et Procédés à Membranes denses Fonctionalisées (Proceedings), 1992, p. 1-1, published by “Club EDF Membranes” Sata, 1993, New application of ion exchange membranes, 451 Yamane, 1962, Comparison of permselectivities of anion exchanges membranes for NaCl-Na2SO4 system, Denki Kagaku, 30, 94