Stroke in tuberculous meningitis

Journal of the Neurological Sciences - Tập 303 - Trang 22-30 - 2011
Usha Kant Misra1, Jayantee Kalita1, Pradeep Kumar Maurya1
1Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

Keshwani, 1967, Ancient Hindu orthopaedic surgery, Indian J Orthop, 1, 76 Whytt, 1768, 64 Odier I 1790 quoted by Tandon PN Tuberculous meningitis In :Vinken PJ Bruyn GW. Handbook of Clinical Neurology vol 53 North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1978; pp 195–262 Tandon, 1978, Tuberculous meningitis, vol 53, 195 Rindfleisch.–Der Miliare Tuberkel. Virchow's Arch., xxiv, p. 571, 1862. Quoted by Hektoen L. The vascular changes in tuberculous meningitis especially in tuberculous endarteritis. J Exp Med 1896;1:112–63. Virchow.–Die krankhaften Geschwfilste, Bd. ii, 1864-'65, p. 639.von Wunscheim.–Zur Frage der Gewinnung von Reinculturen der Tuberkelbacillen aus der menschlichen Leiche. Prag. med. Wochenschr., 1892, No. 25. Hektoen L. The vascular changes in tuberculous meningitis especially in tuberculous endarteritis. J Exp Med 1896;1:112–63. WHO Ellis, 1977, Plague (tuberculosis) and plaque (atherosclerosis), N Engl J Med, 296, 695, 10.1056/NEJM197703242961221 Sheu, 2010, Tuberculosis and the risk of ischemic stroke: a 3-year follow-up study, Stroke, 41, 244, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.567735 Giral, 2007, Carotid atherosclerosis is not related to past tuberculosis in hypercholesterolemic patients, Atherosclerosis, 190, 150, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.008 Dalal, 1989, Cerebrovascular manifestations of infectious disease, vol 55, 411 Thomas, 1977, Tuberculous meningitis (TBM): a clinical study of 232 cases, J Assoc Physicians India, 25, 633 Dalal, 1979, Observations on the involvement of cerebral vessels in tuberculous meningitis in adults, vol. 25, 149 Shukla, 2008, Evaluation of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis by diffusion weighted imaging, J Infect, 57, 298, 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.07.012 Kalita, 2009, Predictors of stroke and its significance in the outcome of tuberculous meningitis, J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 18, 251, 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.11.007 Deshpande, 1969, Tuberculous meningitis in adults (a clinico-pathological study of 18 cases), Neurol India, 17, 28 Dastur, 1970, The brain and meninges in tuberculous meningitis: gross pathology in 100 cases and pathogenesis, Neurol India, 18, 86 Poltera, 1973, Intracranial tuberculosis in Uganda: a post-mortem survey, Afr J Med Sci, 4, 343 Vasishta, 1999, CNS tuberculosis — pathology, 391 Shankar, 2001, Pathology of cerebral vasculature in neurotuberculosis — some observations, Prog Clin Neurosci, 14, 134 Chan, 2005, Cerebral infarcts complicating tuberculous meningitis, Cerebrovasc Dis, 19, 3915, 10.1159/000085568 Winter, 1950, The effect of streptomycin upon the pathology of tuberculous meningitis, Am Rev Tuberc, 61, 171 Smith, 1964, Tuberculous meningitis, Int J Neurol, 4, 134 Dastur, 1983, Neurosurgically relevant aspects of pathology and pathogenesis of intracranial and intraspinal tuberculosis, Neurosurg Rev, 6, 103, 10.1007/BF01742761 Kalita, 1999, Outcome in tuberculous meningitis at 6 and 12months: a multiple regression analysis, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 3, 261 Misra, 2000, Role of clinical radiological and neurophysiological changes in predicting the outcome of tuberculous meningitis: an multivariable analysis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, 300, 10.1136/jnnp.68.3.300 Springer, 2008, Cerebral infarction and neurodevelopmental outcome in childhood tuberculous meningitis, Eur J Paediatr Neurol, 30, 1 Del Brutto, 1998, Infections and stroke, 1628 Vani, 1991, Involvement of hypothalamous in tuberculous meningitis, pathological changes at autopsy, Ind J Tuberc, 38, 149 Lammie, 2009, Tuberculous cerebrovascular disease: a review, J Infect, 59, 156, 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.07.012 Schoeman, 1997, Acute stroke in a child with military tuberculosis, Clin Neuropathol, 16, 303 Lammie, 2002, Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease and stroke, Brain Pathol, 12, 358 Dastur, 1973, The many facets of neurotuberculosis: an epitome of neuropathology, Prog Neuropathol, 2, 351 Dastur, 1995, Pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms in neurotuberculosis, Radiol Clin North Am, 33, 733, 10.1016/S0033-8389(22)00616-9 Winkleman, 1940, Meningeal blood vessels in tuberculous meningitis, Am Rev Tuberc, 42, 315 Poltera, 1977, Thrombogenic intracranial vasculitis in tuberculous meningitis. A 20year post mortem survey, Acta Neurol Belg, 77, 12 Leiguarda, 1988, Ischemic infarction in 25 children with tuberculous meningitis, Stroke, 19, 200, 10.1161/01.STR.19.2.200 Rich, 1933, The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis, Johns Hopkins Med J, 52, 5 Goldzieher, 1947, Gross cerebral haemorrhages and vascular lesions in acute tuberculous meningitis and meningoencephalitis, Am J Pathol, 23, 133 Terplan, 1953, The effects of streptomycin on the gross and histological picture of tuberculous meningitis, Am J Pathol, 29, 616 Vasishta, 1999, CNS tuberculosis e pathology, 391 Doniach, 1949, Changes in meningeal vessels in acute and chronic (streptomycin-treated) tuberculous meningitis, J Pathol Bacteriol, 61, 253, 10.1002/path.1700610213 Hektoen, 1896, The vascular changes in tuberculous meningitis especially in tuberculous endarteritis, J Exp Med, 1, 112, 10.1084/jem.1.1.112 Dastur, 1977, Ultrastructural basis of vasculopathy in and around brain tuberculomas. Possible significance of altered basement membrane, Am J Pathol, 89, 35 Robson, 1996, Acute-phase response and the hypercoagulable state in pulmonary tuberculosis, Br J Haematol, 93, 943, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1722.x Turken, 2002, Hemostatic changes in active pulmonary tuberculosis, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 6, 927 Schoeman, 2007, Coagulant and fibrinolytic status in tuberculous meningitis, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 26, 428, 10.1097/01.inf.0000261126.60283.cf Tuomanen, 1989, Reduction of inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality in bacterial meningitis in rabbits treated with monoclonal antibodies against adhesion-promoting receptors of leukocytes, J Exp Med, 170, 959, 10.1084/jem.170.3.959 Simmons, 2006, Pretreatment intracerebral and peripheral blood immune responses in Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis: diagnostic value and relationship to disease severity and outcome, J Immunol, 176, 2007, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.2007 Mansour, 2005, Relationship between intracranial granulomas and cerebrospinal fluid levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-10 in patients with tuberculous meningitis, Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 12, 363, 10.1128/CDLI.12.2.363-365.2005 Misra UK, Kalita J, Srivastava R, Nair PP, Mishra MK, Basu A. A Study of cytokines in tuberculous meningitis: clinical and MRI correlation. Neurosci Lett. 2010;483(1):6–10. Sharief, 1992, Blood brain barrier damage in patients with bacterial meningitis: association with tumor necrosis factor alpha but not interleukin 1 beta, J Infect Dis, 166, 350, 10.1093/infdis/166.2.350 Tsenova, 1999, Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a determinant of pathogenesis and disease progression in mycobacterial infection in the central nervous system, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 5657, 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5657 Thwaites, 2003, Pathophysiology and prognosis in Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis, J Infect Dis, 188, 1105, 10.1086/378642 van der Flier, 2004, Vascular endothelial growth factor and blood-brain barrier disruption in tuberculous meningitis, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 23, 608, 10.1097/01.inf.0000131634.57368.45 Matsuyama, 2001, Expression of vascular endothelial growth factorin tuberculous meningitis, J Neurol Sci, 186, 75, 10.1016/S0022-510X(01)00515-9 Bevilacqua, 1986, Recombinant tumour necrosis factor induces procoagulant activity in cultured human vascular endothelium: characterization and comparison with the actions of interleukin 1, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, 4533, 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4533 Tureen, 1995, Effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cerebral oxygen uptake, cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and cerebral blood flow in the rabbit: role of nitric oxide, J Clin Invest, 95, 1086, 10.1172/JCI117755 Yoshizumi, 1993, Tumor necrosis factor downregulates an endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA by shortening its half-life, Circ Res, 73, 205, 10.1161/01.RES.73.1.205 Tsenova, 1998, A combination of thalidomide plus antibiotics protects rabbits from mycobacterial meningitis-associated death, J Infect Dis, 177, 1563, 10.1086/515327 Malipiero, 2006, TGFb receptor gene deletion in leucocytes prevents cerebral vasculitis in bacterial meningitis, Brain, 129, 2404, 10.1093/brain/awl192 Matsuura, 2000, Marked increase of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fungal or tuberculous meningoencephalitis, J Neurol Sci, 173, 45, 10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00303-2 Lehrer, 1966, The angiographic triad in tuberculous meningitis, Radiology, 87, 829, 10.1148/87.5.829 Mathew, 1970, Cerebral angiographic features in tuberculous meningitis, Neurology (Minneap), 20, 1015, 10.1212/WNL.20.10.1015 Suzuki, 1969, Cerebrovascular ‘Moyamoya’ disease: disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain, Arch Neurol (Chicago), 20, 288, 10.1001/archneur.1969.00480090076012 Shi Hon, 1983, Cerebral tuberculous arteritis in Chinese, Bull Hong Kong Med Assoc, 35, 107 Rojas-Echeverri, 1996, Predictive value of digital subtraction angiography in patients with tuberculous meningitis, Neuroradiology, 38, 20, 10.1007/BF00593210 Lamprecht, 2001, Ventriculoperitoneal shunting in childhood tuberculous meningitis, Br J Neurosurg, 15, 119, 10.1080/02688690020036801 Andronikou, 2006, Distribution of brain infarction in children with tuberculous meningitis and correlation with outcome score at 6months, Pediatr Radiol, 36, 1289, 10.1007/s00247-006-0319-7 Pienaar, 2009, MRI to demonstrate diagnostic features and complications of TBM not seen with CT, Childs Nerv Syst, 25, 941, 10.1007/s00381-008-0785-3 Misra, 2010, Role of aspirin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomized open label placebo controlled trial, J Neurol Sci, 293, 12, 10.1016/j.jns.2010.03.025 Kalita, 2009, Predictors of stroke and its significance in the outcome 407 of tuberculous meningitis, J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 18, 251, 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.11.007 Fiorot Júnior, 2005, Tuberculosis: an uncommon cause of cerebral venous thrombosis?, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 63, 852, 10.1590/S0004-282X2005000500025 Misra, 2000, Single photon emission computed tomography in tuberculous meningitis, Postgrad Med J, 76, 642, 10.1136/pmj.76.900.642 Todd, 1964, The sequelae of tuberculous meningitis, Arch Dis Child, 39, 213, 10.1136/adc.39.205.213 Dastur, 1970, The brain and meninges in tuberculous meningitis: gross pathology in 100 cases and pathogenesis, Neurol India, 18, 86 Thwaites, 2007, Serial MRI to determine the effect of dexamethasone on the cerebral pathology of tuberculous meningitis: an observational study, Lancet Neurol, 6, 230, 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70034-0 Udani, 1971, Neurological and related syndromes in CNS tuberculosis. Clinical features and pathogenesis, J Neurol Sci, 14, 341, 10.1016/0022-510X(71)90222-X Misra, 1996, Prognosis of tuberculous meningitis: a multivariate analysis, J Neurol Sci, 137, 57, 10.1016/0022-510X(95)00334-X Kalita, 2007, Predictors of long term neurological sequelae of tuberculous meningitis: a multivariate analysis, Eur Jr Neurol, 14, 33, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01534.x Prasad, 2008, Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD002244 Thwaites, 2004, Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults, N Engl J Med, 351, 1741, 10.1056/NEJMoa040573 Bousser Bousser, 2009, Antithrombotic agents in the prevention of ischemic stroke, Cerebrovasc Dis, 27, S12, 10.1159/000209261 Hovens, 2008, Effects of aspirin on serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, Diab Obes Metab, 10, 668, 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00794.x Gupta, 1994, MR imaging and angiography in tuberculous meningitis, Neuroradiology, 36, 87, 10.1007/BF00588066 Gupta, 1979, Cerebral angiography in tuberculosis meningitis, Indian J Tuberc, 26, 199 Leeds, 1971, Angiographic manifestations in cerebral inflammatory disease, Radiology, 98, 595, 10.1148/98.3.595 Airon, 1991, Carotid angiography in tuberculous and pyogenic meningitis, Ind J Tuberc, 38, 143 Schoeman, 1995, Serial CT scanning in childhood tuberculous meningitis: prognostic features in 198 cases, J Child Neurol, 10, 320, 10.1177/088307389501000417 Lan, 2001, Cerebral infarction in chronic meningitis: a comparison of tuberculous meningitis and cryptococcal meningitis, QJM, 94, 247, 10.1093/qjmed/94.5.247 Bhargava, 1982, Tuberculous meningitis — a CT study, Br J Radiol, 55, 189, 10.1259/0007-1285-55-651-189