Chronic Daily Headache: Identification of Factors Associated With Induction and Transformation

Headache - Tập 42 Số 7 - Trang 575-581 - 2002
Marcelo E. Bigal1,2, Fred D. Sheftell3,2, Alan M. Rapoport4,2, Stewart J. Tepper5,2, Richard B. Lipton1
1From the Department of Neurology and Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
2New England Medical Center for Headache, Stamford, Conn
3Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, New York
4Department of Neurology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York
5Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn

Tóm tắt

Background.—Chronic daily headache (CDH) is one of the more frequently encountered headache syndromes at major tertiary care centers. The analysis of factors related to the transformation from episodic to chronic migraine (CM) and to the de novo development of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) remain poorly understood.

Objectives.—To identify somatic factors and lifestyle factors associated with the development of CM and NDPH.

Methods.—We used a randomized case‐control design to study the following groups: 1) CM with analgesic overuse (ARH), n = 399; 2) CM without analgesic overuse, n = 158; and 3) NDPH, n = 69. These groups were compared with two control groups: 1) episodic migraine, n = 100; and 2) chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH); n = 65. Associated medical conditions were assessed. We investigated the case groups for any association with somatic or behavioral factors. Data were analyzed by the two‐sided Fischer's exact test, with the odds ratio being calculated considering a 95% confidence interval using the approximation of Woolf.

Results.—When the active groups were compared with the episodic migraine group, the following associations were found: 1) ARH: hypertension and daily consumption of caffeine; 2) CM: allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, hypertension, and daily consumption of caffeine; and 3) NDPH: allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, and consumption of alcohol more than three times per week. The following associations were found when comparing the active groups with CPTH: 1) ARH: asthma and hypertension; 2) CM: allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, hypertension, and daily consumption of caffeine; and 3) NDPH: allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, and consumption of alcohol more than three times per week.

Conclusions.—Several strong correlations were obtained between patients with specific types of CDH and certain somatic conditions or behaviors; some have not been previously described. Transformation of previously episodic headache or development of a NDPH thus may be related to certain medical conditions and behaviors beyond the frequently incriminated precipitant analgesic overuse. As similar results were obtained when CPTH was used as a control, the correlation is more complex than simple comorbidity.

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Headache

Tập 42 Số 7

575-581

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