Differential expression of cancer-associated fibroblast-related proteins according to molecular subtype and stromal histology in breast cancer

Franco OE, Shaw AK, Strand DW et al (2010) Cancer associated fibroblasts in cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 21(1):33–39. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.10.010

Mueller MM, Fusenig NE (2004) Friends or foes–bipolar effects of the tumour stroma in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 4(11):839–849. doi:10.1038/nrc1477

Kalluri R, Zeisberg M (2006) Fibroblasts in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6(5):392–401. doi:10.1038/nrc1877

Bhowmick NA, Neilson EG, Moses HL (2004) Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression. Nature 432(7015):332–337. doi:10.1038/nature03096

Mueller L, Goumas FA, Affeldt M et al (2007) Stromal fibroblasts in colorectal liver metastases originate from resident fibroblasts and generate an inflammatory microenvironment. Am J Pathol 171(5):1608–1618. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060661

Pavlides S, Whitaker-Menezes D, Castello-Cros R et al (2009) The reverse Warburg effect: aerobic glycolysis in cancer associated fibroblasts and the tumor stroma. Cell Cycle 8(23):3984–4001

Karnoub AE, Dash AB, Vo AP et al (2007) Mesenchymal stem cells within tumour stroma promote breast cancer metastasis. Nature 449(7162):557–563. doi:10.1038/nature06188

Muerkoster S, Wegehenkel K, Arlt A et al (2004) Tumor stroma interactions induce chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells involving increased secretion and paracrine effects of nitric oxide and interleukin-1beta. Cancer Res 64(4):1331–1337

Fearon DT (2014) The carcinoma-associated fibroblast expressing fibroblast activation protein and escape from immune surveillance. Cancer Immunol Res 2(3):187–193. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0002

Ostman A (2014) Cancer-associated fibroblasts: recent developments and emerging challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 25:1–2. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.02.004

Desmouliere A, Guyot C, Gabbiani G (2004) The stroma reaction myofibroblast: a key player in the control of tumor cell behavior. Int J Dev Biol 48(5–6):509–517. doi:10.1387/ijdb.041802ad

De Wever O, Nguyen QD, Van Hoorde L et al (2004) Tenascin-C and SF/HGF produced by myofibroblasts in vitro provide convergent pro-invasive signals to human colon cancer cells through RhoA and Rac. FASEB J 18(9):1016–1018. doi:10.1096/fj.03-1110fje

Sugimoto H, Mundel TM, Kieran MW et al (2006) Identification of fibroblast heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Biol Ther 5(12):1640–1646

Pietras K, Sjoblom T, Rubin K et al (2003) PDGF receptors as cancer drug targets. Cancer Cell 3(5):439–443

Kraman M, Bambrough PJ, Arnold JN et al (2010) Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha. Science 330(6005):827–830. doi:10.1126/science.1195300

Kawase A, Ishii G, Nagai K et al (2008) Podoplanin expression by cancer associated fibroblasts predicts poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 123(5):1053–1059. doi:10.1002/ijc.23611

Kojima Y, Acar A, Eaton EN et al (2010) Autocrine TGF-beta and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signaling drives the evolution of tumor-promoting mammary stromal myofibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(46):20009–20014. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013805107

Cortez E, Roswall P, Pietras K (2014) Functional subsets of mesenchymal cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 25:3–9. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.010

Scanlan MJ, Raj BK, Calvo B et al (1994) Molecular cloning of fibroblast activation protein alpha, a member of the serine protease family selectively expressed in stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(12):5657–5661

Lee HO, Mullins SR, Franco-Barraza J et al (2011) FAP-overexpressing fibroblasts produce an extracellular matrix that enhances invasive velocity and directionality of pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 11:245. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-245

O’Connell JT, Sugimoto H, Cooke VG et al (2011) VEGF-A and Tenascin-C produced by S100A4+ stromal cells are important for metastatic colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(38):16002–16007. doi:10.1073/pnas.1109493108

Zhang J, Chen L, Xiao M et al (2011) FSP1+ fibroblasts promote skin carcinogenesis by maintaining MCP-1-mediated macrophage infiltration and chronic inflammation. Am J Pathol 178(1):382–390. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.017

Zhang J, Chen L, Liu X et al (2013) Fibroblast-specific protein 1/S100A4-positive cells prevent carcinoma through collagen production and encapsulation of carcinogens. Cancer Res 73(9):2770–2781. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3022

Crawford Y, Kasman I, Yu L et al (2009) PDGF-C mediates the angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of fibroblasts associated with tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment. Cancer Cell 15(1):21–34. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.004

Erez N, Truitt M, Olson P et al (2010) Cancer-associated fibroblasts are activated in incipient neoplasia to orchestrate tumor-promoting inflammation in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Cancer Cell 17(2):135–147. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.041

Gao MQ, Kim BG, Kang S et al (2013) Human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance cancer cell proliferation through increased TGF-alpha cleavage by ADAM17. Cancer Lett 336(1):240–246. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.011

Hu M, Yao J, Carroll DK et al (2008) Regulation of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition. Cancer Cell 13(5):394–406. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2008.03.007

Qian BZ, Li J, Zhang H et al (2011) CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis. Nature 475(7355):222–225. doi:10.1038/nature10138

Mueller KL, Madden JM, Zoratti GL et al (2012) Fibroblast-secreted hepatocyte growth factor mediates epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in triple-negative breast cancers through paracrine activation of Met. Breast Cancer Res 14(4):R104. doi:10.1186/bcr3224

Finak G, Bertos N, Pepin F et al (2008) Stromal gene expression predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer. Nat Med 14(5):518–527. doi:10.1038/nm1764

Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19(5):403–410

Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(16):2784–2795. doi:10.1200/jco.2009.25.6529

Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN et al (2007) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(1):118–145. doi:10.1200/jco.2006.09.2775

Henry LR, Lee HO, Lee JS et al (2007) Clinical implications of fibroblast activation protein in patients with colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 13(6):1736–1741. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1746

Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Coates AS et al (2011) Strategies for subtypes–dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011. Ann Oncol 22(8):1736–1747. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr304

Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB et al (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406(6797):747–752. doi:10.1038/35021093

Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R et al (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(19):10869–10874. doi:10.1073/pnas.191367098

van ‘t Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ et al (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415(6871):530–536. doi:10.1038/415530a

Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J et al (2003) Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(14):8418–8423. doi:10.1073/pnas.0932692100

De Wever O, Mareel M (2003) Role of tissue stroma in cancer cell invasion. J Pathol 200(4):429–447. doi:10.1002/path.1398

Tchou J, Kossenkov AV, Chang L et al (2012) Human breast cancer associated fibroblasts exhibit subtype specific gene expression profiles. BMC Med Genomics 5:39. doi:10.1186/1755-8794-5-39

Ahn S, Cho J, Sung J et al (2012) The prognostic significance of tumor-associated stroma in invasive breast carcinoma. Tumour Biol 33(5):1573–1580. doi:10.1007/s13277-012-0411-6

Shao ZM, Nguyen M, Barsky SH (2000) Human breast carcinoma desmoplasia is PDGF initiated. Oncogene 19(38):4337–4345. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203785

Zhai X, Zhu H, Wang W et al (2014) Abnormal expression of EMT-related proteins, S100A4, vimentin and E-cadherin, is correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in HCC. Med Oncol 31(6):970. doi:10.1007/s12032-014-0970-z

Chong HI, Lee JH, Yoon MS et al (2014) Prognostic value of cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 protein in endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Rep 31(6):2701–2707. doi:10.3892/or.2014.3149

Bai H, Qian JL, Han BH (2014) S100A4 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomark 18(5):371–374. doi:10.1089/gtmb.2013.0471

Tsukamoto N, Egawa S, Akada M et al (2013) The expression of S100A4 in human pancreatic cancer is associated with invasion. Pancreas 42(6):1027–1033. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31828804e7

Chuang WY, Yeh CJ, Chao YK et al (2014) Concordant podoplanin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells is an adverse prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7(8):4847–4856

Preuss SF, Anagiotos A, Seuthe IM et al (2014) Expression of podoplanin and prognosis in oropharyngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. doi:10.1007/s00405-014-3105-4

Yuan D, Liu B, Liu K et al (2013) Overexpression of fibroblast activation protein and its clinical implications in patients with osteosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 108(3):157–162. doi:10.1002/jso.23368

Shi M, Yu DH, Chen Y et al (2012) Expression of fibroblast activation protein in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. World J Gastroenterol 18(8):840–846. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i8.840

Moorman AM, Vink R, Heijmans HJ et al (2012) The prognostic value of tumour-stroma ratio in triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 38(4):307–313. doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2012.01.002