Evaluation of the repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using 2,4-dinitrotoluene: A report of a collaborative study by CSGMT/JEMS.MMS

ICH, 2012 Suzuki, 2005, Evaluation of liver and blood micronucleus assays with 9 chemicals using young rats: a study by the Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (CSGMT)/Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS)/Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group (MMS), Mutat. Res., 583, 133, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.03.012 Tates, 1980, A micronucleus technique for detecting clastogenic effects of mutagens/carcinogens (DEN, DMN) in hepatocytes of rat liver in vivo, Mutat. Res., 74, 11, 10.1016/0165-1161(80)90187-9 Braithwaite, 1988, A non-invasive micronucleus assay in the rat liver, Mutat. Res., 203, 23, 10.1016/0165-1161(88)90004-0 Rossi, 1987, DNA synthesis, mitotic index, drug-metabolising systems and cytogenetic analyses in regenerating rat liver, Mutat. Res., 182, 75, 10.1016/0165-1161(87)90056-2 Parton, 1997, An evaluation of micronucleus induction in bone marrow and in hepatocytes isolated from collagenase perfused liver or from formalin-fixed liver using four-week-old rats treated with known clastogens, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 29, 379, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)29:4<379::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-5 Takasawa, 2010, Mutat. Res., 698, 24, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.02.010 Kato, 1992, Sex-specific cytochrome P450 as a cause of sexand species-related differences in drug toxicity, Toxicol. Lett., 64/65, 661, 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90245-F Narumi, 2012, Development of a repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using adult rats: an investigation of diethylnitrosamine and 2,4-diaminotoluene, Mutat. Res., 747, 234, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.05.012 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenetic Risk to Humans, 1996, vol. 65, 309 Hamada, 2015, Mutat.Res., 780–781, 2, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.01.001 Kastenbaum, 1970, Tables for determining the statistical significance of mutation frequencies, Mutat. Res., 9, 527, 10.1016/0027-5107(70)90038-2 MacGregor, 1990, The in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus test: measurement at steady state increases assay efficiency and permits integration with toxicity studies, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 14, 513, 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90255-I Lent, 2012, Assessment of the in vivo genotoxicity of isomers of dinitrotoluene using the alkaline Comet and peripheral blood micronucleus assays, Mutat. Res., 742, 54, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.11.013 Takasawa, 2013, Development of a repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using adult rats (II): further investigation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 2,6-diaminotoluene, Mutat. Res., 751, 12, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.004 MacDonald, 1961, ‘Lifespan’ of liver cells. Autoradiographic study using tritiated thymidine in normal, cirrhotic, and partially hepatectomized rats, Arch. Intern. Med., 107, 335, 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620030023003 Ashby, 1985, Non-genotoxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to the mouse bone marrow and the rat liver: implications for its carcinogenicity, Arch. Toxicol., 58, 14, 10.1007/BF00292610 Vasquez, 2010, Combining the in vivo comet and micronucleus assays: a practical approach to genotoxicity testing and data interpretation, Mutagenesis, 25, 187, 10.1093/mutage/gep060 Mirsalis, 1982, Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes following in vivo treatment with dinitrotoluene, Carcinogenesis, 3, 241, 10.1093/carcin/3.3.241 Tweats, 2007, Report of the IWGT working group on strategies and interpretation of regulatory in vivo tests. I. Increases in micronucleated bone marrow cells in rodents that do not indicate genotoxic hazards, Mutat. Res., 627, 78, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.10.005