Long-term herbivore population dynamics in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its implications for early human impacts

Ahmed, 1972, Revision of the genera Sporormia and Sporormiella, Can. J. Bot., 50, 419, 10.1139/b72-061 An, 2005, Climate change and cultural response around 4000 cal yr BP in the western part of Chinese Loess Plateau, Quat. Res., 63, 347, 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.004 Asner, 2004, Grazing systems, ecosystem responses, and global change, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 29, 261, 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102142 Bai, 2004, Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland, Nature, 431, 181, 10.1038/nature02850 Baker, 2016, Quantification of population sizes of large herbivores and their long-term functional role in ecosystems using dung fungal spores, Methods Ecol. Evol., 7, 1273, 10.1111/2041-210X.12580 Blaauw, 2010, Methods and code for 'classical' age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences, Quat. Geochronol., 5, 512, 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002 Brantingham, 2006, Peopling of the northern Tibetan Plateau, World Archaeol., 38, 387, 10.1080/00438240600813301 Brantingham, 2007, A short chronology for the peopling of the Tibetan Plateau, Dev. Quat. Sci., 9, 129 Brunson, 2016, Sheep, cattle, and specialization: New zooarchaeological perspectives on the Taosi Longshan, Int. J. Osteoarchaeol., 26, 460, 10.1002/oa.2436 Carrion, 2000, Pollen analysis of Iron Age cow dung in southern Africa, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 9, 239, 10.1007/BF01294638 Chen, 2015, Agriculture facilitated permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau after 3600 B.P, Science, 348, 248, 10.1126/science.1259172 Chen, 2016, Holocene moisture and East Asian summer monsoon evolution in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by Lake Qinghai and its environs: A review of conflicting proxies, Quat. Sci. Rev., 154, 111, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.021 Cheng, 2013, Palaeovegetational and palaeoenvironmental changes since the last deglacial in Gonghe Basin, northeast Tibetan Plateau, J. Geogr. Sci., 23, 136, 10.1007/s11442-013-0999-5 Chepstow-Lusty, 2019, Comparison of Sporormiella dung fungal spores and oribatid mites as indicators of large herbivore presence: Evidence from the Cuzco region of Peru, J. Archaeol. Sci., 102, 61, 10.1016/j.jas.2018.12.006 Conolly, 2011, Meta-analysis of zooarchaeological data from SW Asia and SE Europe provides insight into the origins and spread of animal husbandry, J. Archaeol. Sci., 38, 538, 10.1016/j.jas.2010.10.008 Cugny, 2010, Modern and fossil non-pollen palynomorphs from the Basque mountains (western Pyrenees, France): The use of coprophilous fungi to reconstruct pastoral activity, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 19, 391, 10.1007/s00334-010-0242-6 Davis, 2006, Sporormiella fungal spores, a palynological means of detecting herbivore density, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 237, 40, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.028 Dodson, 2018, What does the occurrence of Sporormiella (Preussia) spores mean in Australian fossil sequences?, J. Quat. Sci., 33, 380, 10.1002/jqs.3020 Dodson, 2014, Oldest directly dated remains of sheep in China, Sci. Rep., 4, 7170, 10.1038/srep07170 Dong, 2013, Spatial and temporal variety of prehistoric human settlement and its influencing factors in the upper Yellow River valley, Qinghai Province, China, J. Archaeol. Sci., 40, 2538, 10.1016/j.jas.2012.10.002 Dong, 2014, A comparative study of 14C dating on charcoal and charred seeds from Late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces, NW China, Radiocarbon, 56, 157, 10.2458/56.16507 Dykoski, 2005, A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 233, 71, 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.036 Ejarque, 2015, Prehistoric fires and the shaping of colonial transported landscapes in southern California: A paleoenvironmental study at Dune Pond, Santa Barbara County, Quat. Sci. Rev., 112, 181, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.017 Faegri, 1989 Flad, 2007, Zooarcheological evidence for animal domestication in northwest China, Dev. Quat. Sci., 9, 167 Fuller, 2011, The contribution of rice agriculture and livestock pastoralism to prehistoric methane levels, The Holocene, 21, 743, 10.1177/0959683611398052 Gaynor, 2018, The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality, Science, 360, 1232, 10.1126/science.aar7121 GCACC, 1991 Ge, 1979, Tomb no. 1 of the Majiayao-relic type, Hetaozhuang of Minhe County, Qinghai (in Chinese), Cult. Relic., 9, 29 Gill, 2009, Pleistocene megafaunal collapse, novel plant communities, and enhanced fire regimes in North America, Science, 326, 1100, 10.1126/science.1179504 Gill, 2013, Linking abundances of the dung fungus Sporormiella to the density of bison: Implications for assessing grazing by megaherbivores in palaeorecords, J. Ecol., 101, 1125, 10.1111/1365-2745.12130 Hou, 2015, The earliest prehistoric pottery in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its archaeological implications, Quat. Geochronol., 30, 431, 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.05.005 Hou, 2016, New evidence of human activities at an altitude of 4000 meters area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (in Chinese), Acta Geol. Sin., 71, 1231 Hou, 2016, Large Holocene summer temperature oscillations and impact on the peopling of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1323, 10.1002/2015GL067317 Huang, 2017, Early human impacts on vegetation on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the middle to late Holocene, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 41, 286, 10.1177/0309133317703035 IACASS, 1999, Shizhaocun and Xishanping Jeong, 2016, Long-term genetic stability and a high-altitude East Asian origin for the peoples of the high valleys of the Himalayan arc, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113, 7485, 10.1073/pnas.1520844113 Johnson, 1995, Methane emissions from cattle, J. Anim. Sci., 73, 2483, 10.2527/1995.7382483x Johnson, 2016, Geographic variation in the ecological effects of extinction of Australia's Pleistocene megafauna, Ecography, 39, 109, 10.1111/ecog.01612 Li, 2017, Quantitative precipitation estimates for the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over the last 18,000 years, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 5132, 10.1002/2016JD026333 Madsen, 2006, The Late Upper Paleolithic occupation of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin, J. Archaeol. Sci., 33, 1433, 10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.017 Madsen, 2017, Early foraging settlement of the Tibetan Plateau highlands, Archaeol. Res. Asia, 11, 15, 10.1016/j.ara.2017.04.003 Maher, 1981, Statistics for microfossil concentration measurements employing samples spiked with marker grains, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 32, 153, 10.1016/0034-6667(81)90002-6 Marcott, 2013, A reconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years, Science, 339, 1198, 10.1126/science.1228026 Melo, 2017, Sporormiella longicolla sp nov and new Sporormiella records on herbivore dung from Brazil, Mycotaxon, 132, 459, 10.5248/132.459 Miehe, 2009, How old is pastoralism in Tibet? An ecological approach to the making of a Tibetan landscape, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 276, 130, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.03.005 Miehe, 2014, How old is the human footprint in the world's largest alpine ecosystem? A review of multiproxy records from the Tibetan Plateau from the ecologists' viewpoint, Quat. Sci. Rev., 86, 190, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.004 Musotto, 2017, Postglacial environments in the southern coast of Lago Fagnano, central Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, based on pollen and fungal microfossils analyses, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno.l, 238, 43, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.11.016 Perrotti, 2018, Pollen and Sporormiella evidence for terminal Pleistocene vegetation change and megafaunal extinction at Page-Ladson, Florida, Quat. Int., 466, 256, 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.015 Perrotti, 2019, Dung fungi as a proxy for megaherbivores: Opportunities and limitations for archaeological applications, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 28, 93, 10.1007/s00334-018-0686-7 Qiang, 2013, A 16-ka lake-level record inferred from macrofossils in a sediment core from Genggahai Lake, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (China), J. Paleolimnol., 49, 575, 10.1007/s10933-012-9660-z Qiang, 2014, Holocene record of eolian activity from Genggahai Lake, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 589, 10.1002/2013GL058806 Qiang, 2017, A 16-ka oxygen-isotope record from Genggahai Lake on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Hydroclimatic evolution and changes in atmospheric circulation, Quat. Sci. Rev., 162, 72, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.004 Qiu, 2015, Yak whole-genome resequencing reveals domestication signatures and prehistoric population expansions, Nat. Commun., 6, 10283, 10.1038/ncomms10283 Raper, 2009, A test of Sporormiella representation as a predictor of megaherbivore presence and abundance, Quat. Res., 71, 490, 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.01.010 Rawson, 2017, China and the steppe: Reception and resistance, Antiquity, 91, 375, 10.15184/aqy.2016.276 Rawson, 2018, Ordering the material world of the Western Zhou Reimer, 2013, Intcal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869, 10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 Ren, 2016, The history for origin and diffusion of “six livestock” (in Chinese), Chin. J. Nat., 38, 257 Rhode, 2007, Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake, western China, J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 600, 10.1016/j.jas.2006.06.016 Rhode, 2014, Mind the gaps: Testing for hiatuses in regional radiocarbon date sequences, J. Archaeol. Sci., 52, 567, 10.1016/j.jas.2014.02.022 Ruddiman, 2016, Late Holocene climate: Natural or anthropogenic?, Rev. Geophys., 54, 93, 10.1002/2015RG000503 Shen, 2005, Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18,000 years, Quat. Int., 136, 131, 10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.014 Song, 2012, Changes in palaeoproductivity of Genggahai Lake over the past 16 ka in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Chin. Sci. Bull., 57, 2595, 10.1007/s11434-012-5191-2 van Geel, 1978, A palaeoecological study of holocene peat bog sections in Germany and The Netherlands, based on the analysis of pollen, spores and macro- and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 25, 1, 10.1016/0034-6667(78)90040-4 van Geel, 2003, Environmental reconstruction of a Roman Period settlement site in Uitgeest (The Netherlands), with special reference to coprophilous fungi, J. Archaeol. Sci., 30, 873, 10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00265-0 Wei, 2019, Using coprophilous fungi to reconstruct the history of pastoralism in the Qinghai Lake Basin, Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ. Wicklow, 1981 Yao, 2012, Third Pole Environment (TPE), Environ. Dev., 3, 52, 10.1016/j.envdev.2012.04.002 Yuan, 2015 Zeder, 2000, The initial domestication of goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros mountains 10,000 years ago, Science, 287, 2254, 10.1126/science.287.5461.2254 Zhang, 2016, History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau, Sci. China Earth Sci., 59, 1765, 10.1007/s11430-015-5482-x Zhao, 2017, Genomic reconstruction of the history of native sheep reveals the peopling patterns of nomads and the expansion of early pastoralism in East Asia, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34, 2380, 10.1093/molbev/msx181