Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Four Medicinal Mediterranean Plants: Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity

Robards, 1997, Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids. A review, Analyst, 122, 11, 10.1039/a606499j

Visioli, 2012, Polyphenols and health: Moving beyond antioxidants, J. Berry Res., 2, 63, 10.3233/JBR-2012-028

Costa, 2010, Polyphenols and health: What compounds are involved?, Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 20, 1, 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.05.015

Poletto, 2020, Compressed fluids and phytochemical profiling tools to obtain and characterize antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources, TrAC-Trends Anal. Chem., 129, 115942, 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115942

Reverchon, 2006, Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 38, 146, 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.03.020

Mulvihill, 2011, Green chemistry and green engineering: A framework for sustainable technology development, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 36, 271, 10.1146/annurev-environ-032009-095500

Chemat, 2020, A review of sustainable and intensified techniques for extraction of food and natural products, Green Chem., 22, 2325, 10.1039/C9GC03878G

Herrero, 2010, Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications, J. Chromatogr. A., 1217, 2495, 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.019

Chemat, F. (2011). Extraction par fluides supercritiques. Eco-Extraction Du Végétal, Dunod.

Shinde, 2019, Supercritical fluid extraction: A new technology to herbals, Int. J. Herb. Med., 7, 27

Baldino, 2020, Supercritical fluid technologies applied to the extraction of compounds of industrial interest from Cannabis sativa L. and to their pharmaceutical formulations: A review, J. Supercrit. Fluid., 165, 104960, 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104960

Ferrer, 2019, Pesticide residues in spices and herbs: Sample preparation methods and determination by chromatographic techniques, TrAC–Trends Anal. Chem., 115, 13, 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.022

Taha, 2017, Development of an efficient method for multi residue analysis of 160 pesticides in herbal plant by ethyl acetate hexane mixture with direct injection to GC-MS/MS, Talanta, 174, 767, 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.080

Kordali, 2019, Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity and phenolic contents of some species of the Asteraceae family from medicinal plants, Ind. Crops Prod., 137, 208, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.042

Al-Dabbagh, B., Elhaty, I.A., Elhaw, M., Murali, C., Al Mansoori, A., Awad, B., and Amin, A. (2019). Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). BMC Res. Notes, 12.

Tuberoso, 2009, Chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium l. Isolated by different distillation methods, J. Essent. Oil Res., 21, 108, 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700125

Appendino, 2007, Arzanol, an anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV-1 phloroglucinol α-pyrone from Helichrysum italicum ssp. microphyllum, J. Nat. Prod., 70, 608, 10.1021/np060581r

Sala, 2003, A new dual inhibitor of arachidonate metabolism isolated from Helichrysum italicum, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 460, 219, 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02954-0

Angioni, 2003, Chemical composition, plant genetic differences, and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Helichrysum italicum G. Don ssp. microphyllum (Willd) Nym, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1030, 10.1021/jf025940c

Politeo, 2005, Composition and antimicrobial activity of Helichrysum italicum essential oil and its terpene and terpenoid fractions, Chem. Nat. Compd., 41, 35, 10.1007/s10600-005-0069-z

Nostro, 2001, Effects of Helichrysum italicum extract on growth and enzymatic activity of Staphylococcus aureus, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 17, 517, 10.1016/S0924-8579(01)00336-3

Rosa, 2007, Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of arzanol, a prenylated α-pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp. microphyllum, Chem. Biol. Interact., 165, 117, 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.11.006

Nostro, 2003, Evaluation of antiherpesvirus-1 and genotoxic activities of Helichrysum italicum extract, New Microbiol., 26, 125

Boga, 2016, Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and DNA protective effects of Hypericum capitatum var. capitatum extracts, S. Afr. J. Bot., 104, 249, 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.204

Ozsoy, 2018, Evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Hypericum neurocalycinum and Hypericum malatyanum, S. Afr. J. Bot., 114, 104, 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.10.022

Tusevski, 2018, Phenolic profile and biological activity of Hypericum perforatum L.: Can roots be considered as a new source of natural compounds?, S. Afr. J. Bot., 117, 301, 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.05.030

Wang, 2021, Flowers of the plant genus Hypericumas versatile photoredox catalysts, Green Chem., 23, 881, 10.1039/D0GC03281F

Barnes, J., Anderson, L.A., and Phillipson, J.D. (2007). Herbal Medicines, Pharmaceutical Press. [3rd ed.].

Shmuel, Y. (2004). Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD-ROM, Chapman & Hall/CRC.

Coppin, 2013, Determination of flavonoids by LC/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in Moringa oleifera, J. Funct. Foods, 5, 1892, 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.010

Mattila, 2000, Determination of flavonoids in plant material by HPLC with Diode-Array and Electro-Array Detections, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 5834, 10.1021/jf000661f

Zhang, 2014, LC–MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of seven flavonoids in rat plasma after oral administration of Cirsium japonicum DC. extract, J. Ethnopharmacol., 158, 66, 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.022

Ciochina, 2006, Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, Chem. Rev., 106, 3963, 10.1021/cr0500582

Ribani, 2007, Validation of chromatographic methods: Evaluation of detection and quantification limits in the determination of impurities in omeprazole, J. Chromatogr. A, 1156, 201, 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.080

Caldera, 2012, Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of antioxidant compounds from venezuelan rosemary leaves, Int. J. Food Eng., 8, Article 11, 10.1515/1556-3758.1953

Kotnik, 2007, Supercritical fluid extraction of chamomile flower heads: Comparison with conventional extraction, kinetics and scale-up, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 43, 192, 10.1016/j.supflu.2007.02.005

Skala, 2011, Supercritical CO2 extraction of Helichrysum italicum: Influence of CO2 density and moisture content of plant material, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 57, 129, 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.02.013

Molnar, 2017, Comparison of various techniques for the extraction of umbelliferone and herniarin in Matricaria chamomilla processing fractions, Chem. Cent. J., 11, 78, 10.1186/s13065-017-0308-y

Hotta, 2002, Higher radical scavenging activities of polyphenolic antioxidants can be ascribed to chemical reactions following their oxidation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj., 1572, 123, 10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00285-4

Yang, 2001, Estimation of the antioxidant activities of flavonoids from their oxidation potentials, Anal. Sci., 17, 599, 10.2116/analsci.17.599

Mouhid, 2017, Biological activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) plant extracts, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 72, 96, 10.1007/s11130-016-0596-8

Moure, 2006, Supercritical CO2 extraction and purification of compounds with antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2441, 10.1021/jf052858j

Uwineza, P.A., and Wáskiewicz, A. (2020). Recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction of natural bioactive compounds from natural plant materials. Molecules, 25.

Skroza, 2014, Phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chamomile, common Yarrow and Immortelle (Asteraceae), Nat. Prod. Commun., 9, 1745

Enache, 2020, Natural phenolic antioxidants electrochemistry: Towards a new food science methodology, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 19, 1680, 10.1111/1541-4337.12566

Gil, 2013, Flavonoid electrochemistry: A review on the electroanalytical applications, Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 23, 542, 10.1590/S0102-695X2013005000031

Badea, 2019, Electrochemical strategies for gallic acid detection: Potential for application in clinical, food or environmental analyses, Sci. Total Environ., 672, 129, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.404

Novak, 2009, Electrochemical characterization of epigallocatechin gallate using square-wave voltammetry, Electroanalysis, 21, 1019, 10.1002/elan.200804509

Mirčeski, V., Komorsky-Lovrić, Š., and Lovrić, M. (2007). Square-Wave Voltammetry: Theory and Application, Springer. [1st ed.].

Antolovich, 2002, Methods for testing antioxidant activity, Analyst, 122, 11

Gan, 2017, Correlations between antioxidant activity and alkaloids and phenols of Maca (Lepidium meyenii), J. Food Qual., 2017, 1, 10.1155/2017/3185945

Prior, 2005, Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4290, 10.1021/jf0502698

Cleverdon, R., Elhalaby, Y., McAlpine, M., Gittings, W., and Ward, W. (2018). Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of tea bags: Comparison of Black, Green, Red Rooibos, Chamomile and Peppermint over different steep times. Beverages, 4.

2020, Comparison of the scavenging capacities of phloroglucinol and 2,4,6-trihydroxypyridine towards HO radical: A computational study, RSC Adv., 10, 43262, 10.1039/D0RA08377A

Foti, 2008, Reaction of phenols with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Kinetics and DFT calculations applied to determine ArO-H bond dissociation enthalpies and reaction mechanism, J. Org. Chem., 73, 9270, 10.1021/jo8016555

Utakod, 2017, The efficiency and the correlation between testing methods on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of selected medicinal essential oils, Int. Food Res. J., 24, 2616

Lebedev, 2018, Semi volatile organic compounds in the snow of Russian Arctic islands: Archipelago Novaya Zemlya, Environ. Pollut., 239, 416, 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.009

Mazur, 2017, Novel pollutants in the Moscow atmosphere in winter period: Gas chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry study, Environ. Pollut., 222, 242, 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.049

Singleton, 1965, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, Am. J. Enol Vitic., 16, 144, 10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144

Cuvelier, 1995, Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 28, 25, 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5

Benzie, 1996, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay, Anal. Biochem., 239, 70, 10.1006/abio.1996.0292